Module 2Cubes in mathematics
teaching
Mathematical dice
Introduction
In this module you will learn how to use dice to teach number recognition, number
conservation, addition and subtraction skills. Dice can also be used to teach the
properties of cubes.
In the last module you learned that a dice is a six sided cube. In mathematics we refer
to the sides as faces and the corners as vertices.
Traditionally each side of the dice is marked with dots between one and six. You can
use traditional dice in your lessons to practise operational skills. To do this you will need
to use at least two dice. But, as in language, you can adapt the dice to teach different
number skills. You can replace the dots with numerals or number words for learners to
recognise, read and write.
You can use dice to teach:
• number conservation
• bonds
• operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication and subtraction
• the properties of cubes
You can make your own dice, but an added advantage of having learners make their
own dice is that they will build strength in the small muscles in their hands and fingers.
3 dimensional understanding
Theory
Using manipulatives like dice bring an element of fun into maths lessons. A relaxed
learning environment means that learners build a positive attitude toward
mathematics.
Why should I use manipulatives like dice in my classroom?
Manipulatives are apparatus that learners manipulate. In other words, they are tools
that learners can touch or move. Learners use the manipulatives to find meaning and
make sense of mathematical concepts. Common manipulatives include counters,
blocks, abaci, flashcards, number lines and number charts.
Dice are excellent manipulatives. They can be used to teach numerical and geometrical
concepts.
What mathematical skills will learners acquire if they play with dice?
You can use dice to teach a range of mathematical concepts. For instance:
• name colours and shapes
• read numerals and number words
• calculate operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
• practise bonds and tables
• identify properties of shapes
Does playing with dice suit particular learning styles?
Tactile learners learn best when they can manipulate (handle) learning materials, and
dice provide a lot of opportunities for them to do this.
https://youtu.be/5dMSOidpcCQ
How to use cubes in Grade 2
mathematics lessons
Video summary
In this video, the learners play a quiz game to practise their mental maths.
The teacher has made a large die out of cardboard. She has prepared mathematical
questions in different categories. If the learners throw a two, then she asks a question
from category two (less or more). If they throw a three, she asks from category three
(place value).
The teacher divides the learners into two teams (boys and girls). The first team throws
the die.
The teacher asks them a less or more question, “What is 5, more than 37?” The boys
have 5 seconds to answer the question. But they run out of time and the girls get to
answer instead.
The girls then get to throw the die and have to answer a place value question, “What
are two tens and five units.”
The teacher keeps a tally of the score on the chalkboard.
This game creates opportunities for co-operative learning.
Numbers, operations,
relationships and shapes
CAPS links
You can let learners manipulate dice to reinforce number recognition, bonds, operations
and the properties of cubes. These activities suit tactile learners.
Dice are easy to make and an essential resource.
Session 2 Module 2 aligns with CAPS in the following way:
Grade 1: Numbers, operations and relationships
Know and read numbers:
• know and read number symbols
• write number symbols
• know and read number names
Calculations:
• addition
• subtract
• practise number bonds to 10
• use appropriate symbols ( +, -, =, )
Shapes and objects:
• recognise and name 3D objects in the classroom and in pictures
• box shapes (prisms)
Grade 2: Numbers, operations and relationships
Know and read numbers:
• know and read number symbols
• write number symbols 0 to 180
• know and read number names
• write number names
Calculations:
• add
• subtract
• practise number bonds
• use appropriate symbols (+, -, =, )
Shapes and objects:
• recognise and name 3D objects in the classroom and in pictures
• box shapes (prisms)
Grade 3: Numbers, operations and relationships
Know and read numbers:
• know and read number symbols
• write number symbols
• know and read number names
• write number names
Shapes and objects:
• recognise, identify and name 2D and 3D objects in the classroom and in pictures,
including boxes, balls and cylinders; cones and pyramids; triangles, squares and
rectangles; and circles
Dice teach mathematical
concepts
Key messages
In this module you looked at how playing with dice can teach and reinforce
mathematical concepts.
In the practical session that you will complete at the end of Session 2 you will have
evidence of how:
• Manipulatives are tools that learners handle.
• Manipulatives help learners understand mathematical concepts.
• Dice can be used to teach numeral and number word recognition.
• Playing with dice reinforces bonds and tables.
• Learners can use dice to reinforce colours and shapes.
• Learners can use dice to practise number operations.
A dice is small six-sided cube (prism). You can use traditional dice or adapt them to
teach mathematical concepts.
In module 3, learners will use this versatile learning tool in physical education and
performing arts.
