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The document provides an overview of various classical music compositions, including Beethoven's String Quartets No. 14 and No. 16, Schubert's Piano Quintet 'Trout' and String Quartet No. 14 'Death and the Maiden', as well as works by Louis Spohr and Felix Mendelssohn. It highlights the context of their compositions, thematic elements, and notable features of each piece. The document also mentions the dedication of works and the influences behind them.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views10 pages

期中考 hoc

The document provides an overview of various classical music compositions, including Beethoven's String Quartets No. 14 and No. 16, Schubert's Piano Quintet 'Trout' and String Quartet No. 14 'Death and the Maiden', as well as works by Louis Spohr and Felix Mendelssohn. It highlights the context of their compositions, thematic elements, and notable features of each piece. The document also mentions the dedication of works and the influences behind them.

Uploaded by

zixiangviolin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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发件⼈: Zixiang Lin ZL2438@msmnyc.edu


收件⼈: Zixiang Lin ZL2438@msmnyc.edu
⽇期: 2025年3⽉17⽇ 周⼀, 22:20

路德维希·范·⻉多芬 – C♯ ⼩调第 14 号弦乐四重奏,作品 131


Ludwig van Beethoven – String Quartet no. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 131
• 共 7 个乐章,每个乐章都直接连接到下⼀个(attacca),采⽤阿拉伯数字编
号,类似于歌剧的场景编号。⻉多芬将其视为⼀部戏剧作品。
• 7 movements, each one attacca into the next, numbered with Arabic
numerals like opera scenes. Beethoven thought of this as a theatrical work.
• 第 1 乐章 – 赋格;第 2 乐章 – 舞曲;第 3 乐章 – 宣叙调;第 4 乐章 – 主题
与变奏;第 5 乐章 – 谐谑曲;第 6 乐章 – 咏叹调;第 7 乐章 – 奏鸣曲。
• 1 – fugue, 2 – dance, 3 – recitative, 4 – theme and variations, 5 –
scherzo, 6 – aria, 7 – sonata.
• 赋格的应答出现在下属调(⽽⾮属调)⸺引⼊了新⾳,形成了贯穿整部作
品的扩展调性关系。
• Fugue answer is in subdominant, not dominant – introduces new notes
which create extended key relationships throughout the piece.
• 谐谑曲乐章 – 使⽤了霍克特技法(hocket,⽂艺复兴时期的技法)和延⻓的
“sol ponticello”(靠近琴码演奏)。
• Scherzo movement – use of hocket (Renaissance technique) and use of
extended sol ponticello.
• 作品献给巴伦·冯·斯图特海姆(Baron von Stutterheim),以感谢他接纳⻉
多芬的侄⼦卡尔·范·⻉多芬(Karl van Beethoven)⼊伍。
• Dedicated to Baron von Stutterheim for taking Beethoven’s nephew, Karl
van Beethoven, into the army.

路德维希·范·⻉多芬 – F ⼤调第 16 号弦乐四重奏,作品 135


Ludwig van Beethoven – String Quartet no. 16 in F major, Op. 135
• 在⻉多芬在他兄弟尼古劳斯·约翰(Nikolaus Johann)的庄园休养期间创
作,当时他正在努⼒修复与侄⼦卡尔的关系(卡尔曾试图⾃杀)。
• Composed during a stay at Nikolaus Johann’s estate (his brother) while
mending his relationship with his nephew Karl, after Karl’s attempted suicide.
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• 第四乐章以⼀个标题为“艰难得出的决断”(The Resolution Reached With
Difficulty)的⾳乐铭⽂开头:
• 4th movement begins with a musical epigraph titled “The Resolution
Reached With Difficulty”:
• ⾳乐的前句是“必须如此?”(Muss es sein?)
• Musical antecedent is “Must it be?”
• 后句是“必须如此!必须如此!”(Es muss sein! Es muss sein!)
• Consequent is “It must be! It must be!”
• 这⼀主题成为该乐章⾳乐材料的基础。
• This theme forms the basis of the musical material of the movement.
• 这个铭⽂源于⻉多芬与伊格纳兹·登布舍尔(Ignaz Dembscher)的交往,
后者不愿为使⽤⻉多芬另⼀部弦乐四重奏的乐谱和总谱付费。同样的⾳乐素材也出现在⻉
多芬为登布舍尔创作的卡农《Es muss sein!》中。
• The epigraph came from an interaction with Ignaz Dembscher, who was
unwilling to pay for the use of Beethoven’s score and parts to another string quartet.
The same musical material as the epigraph is found in a canon written for Dembscher
– Es muss sein! (It must be!).

弗朗茨·舒伯特 – A ⼤调钢琴五重奏《鳟⻥》
Franz Schubert – Piano Quintet in A Major “Trout”
• 由⻄尔维斯特·鲍姆加特纳(Sylvester Paumgartner)在舒伯特与好友、歌
唱家约翰·福格尔(Johann Vogl)⼀次夏季徒步旅⾏期间委托创作。
• Commissioned by Sylvester Paumgartner during a summer Schubert
spent on a walking tour with close friend and singer Johann Vogl.
• 引⽤了舒伯特早年创作的艺术歌曲《鳟⻥》(Die Forelle),该歌曲的歌词
出⾃克⾥斯蒂安·舒巴特(Christian Schubart)。
• Incorporates references to Die Forelle (The Trout) song that Schubert
had composed years before. Text by Christian Schubart.
• 第四乐章是基于《鳟⻥》旋律的⼀组变奏曲。
• 4th movement is a set of variations on The Trout melody.
• “Schubertiade”(舒伯特之夜)⸺指在沙⻰中演奏和⾸演舒伯特作品的⾳
乐会。
• “Schubertiade” – musical salon in which Schubert’s music was
performed and premiered.

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弗朗茨·舒伯特 – 第 14 号弦乐四重奏《死神与少⼥》(1824)
Franz Schubert – String Quartet No. 14 “Death and the Maiden” (1824)
• 创作于舒伯特的“室内乐年”(1824 年)。
• Composed during his year of chamber music – 1824.
• 主题来⾃舒伯特 1817 年的艺术歌曲《死神与少⼥》(Death and the
Maiden),歌词出⾃⻢蒂亚斯·克劳迪乌斯(Matthias Claudius)。
• Based on song Death and the Maiden from 1817. Text by Matthias
Claudius.
• 第⼆乐章是基于歌曲开头“死亡”合唱部分的⼀组变奏。
• 2nd movement is a set of variations on the “death” choral introduction
from the song.
• 主题(合唱)
• Theme (choral)
• 第⼀变奏 – ⼩提琴⾼⾳区的歌唱性旋律(少⼥)
• 1st variation – violin high register singing melody (Maiden)
• 第⼆变奏 – ⼤提琴低⾳区的旋律(死神)
• 2nd variation – cello low register melody (Death)
• 第⼀乐章是奏鸣曲式,模仿了歌曲的元素⸺开场和弦、在半终⽌上的延⻓
延⾳等。
• 1st movement is a sonata form imitating elements from the song –
opening chords, the sharing of one fermata on a half cadence.
• 使⽤了属调⼩九和弦作为主要结构元素⸺舒伯特在《魔王》中也成功使⽤
了这种和弦(主题涉及恐惧和死亡)。
• Use of dominant minor ninth chord as principal structural element – a
chord that he had great success with in Erlkönig (also about fear and death).

弗朗茨·舒伯特 – F ⼤调⼋重奏(1824)
Franz Schubert – Octet in F Major (1824)
• 配器:单簧管、圆号、巴松管、两把⼩提琴、中提琴、⼤提琴、低⾳提琴。
• Instrumentation: clarinet, horn, bassoon, 2 violins, viola, cello, double
bass.
• ⻛格类似于⼩夜曲(Serenade)⸺⼀组简短、轻松的器乐作品,适合户外
夜间演奏,原本⽤于“背景”⾳乐。
• In the style of a Serenade. Short suite of light, instrumental pieces
suitable for outdoor, evening performance. Originally intended for passive listening

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(background).
• 由单簧管演奏家费迪南德·冯·特罗耶(Count Ferdinand von Troyer)委托
创作,模仿⻉多芬的《七重奏》。
• Commissioned by clarinet player Count Ferdinand von Troyer to be
modeled after Beethoven’s septet.
• 两部作品均为六个乐章,排列顺序相同。
• Both pieces have 6 movements, both are arranged in the same order.
• 第三乐章引⽤了兰德勒舞曲(Ländler)⸺这是⼀种⺠间舞蹈,后来发展成
华尔兹。
• 3rd movement incorporates a Ländler – folk dance that became the
forerunner to the waltz.
• 第四乐章是基于舒伯特为歌剧《萨拉曼卡的朋友》(Friends of
Salamanca)所写的⼀⾸⼆重唱的主题和变奏。
• 4th movement is a theme and variations on a duet he wrote for an opera
– the Friends of Salamanca.
• 第六乐章突破了⼩夜曲⾳乐的“轻松”特征,转向明显的交响⻛格。主题性写
作⽅式与他的交响曲相似。
• 6th movement breaks from light Serenade music with overtly symphonic
music. Atmospheric orchestral writing that is thematically written very much like his
symphonies.
• 这是舒伯特创作的规模最⼤、⻓度最⻓的室内乐作品。
• Largest, longest chamber music work Schubert ever wrote.

弗朗茨·舒伯特 – C ⼤调弦乐五重奏(1828)
Franz Schubert – String Quintet in C Major (1828)
• 配器:两把⼩提琴、中提琴、两把⼤提琴。
• Instrumentation: 2 violins, viola, 2 cellos.
• 第⼀乐章是庞⼤的奏鸣曲式,充满⾳乐对⽐。稳定(C ⼤调)与不稳定(减
和弦)、和声与旋律的对⽴。
• 1st Movement is enormous sonata form full of musical dualities. Stability
(C major) vs. instability (diminished) – harmony vs. melody.
• 舒伯特在《冬之旅》(Winterreise)中采⽤了先写旋律、再填和声的创作⽅
式(棕⾊墨⽔ vs. ⿊⾊墨⽔)。
• We know from Winterreise that he wrote melodies first and filled in
harmony after (sepia vs. black ink).

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• 第⼆乐章令⼈想起他为“Bildung Circle”(⼀群追求⾃我提升的男性朋友)创
作的部分歌曲。
• 2nd movement is reminiscent of his part songs written for his Bildung
Circle of male friends.
• 亚瑟·鲁宾斯坦(Arthur Rubinstein)和托⻢斯·曼(Thomas Mann)都要
求在他们的葬礼上演奏此乐章。
• Both Arthur Rubinstein and Thomas Mann asked for this movement to
be performed at their funerals.

路易斯·斯波尔 – F ⼤调九重奏
Louis Spohr – Grand Nonet in F Major
• 配器:⻓笛、双簧管、单簧管、巴松管、圆号、⼩提琴、中提琴、⼤提琴、
低⾳提琴。
• Instrumentation: flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, violin, viola, cello,
double bass.
• 路易斯·斯波尔(Louis Spohr)是 19 世纪初期⾮常著名的作曲家、指挥家
和⼩提琴家。
• Louis Spohr was a very famous composer, conductor, and violinist at the
turn of the 19th century.
• 被认为是彩排标记(rehearsal letters)和下巴垫(chinrest)的发明者之
⼀,也是最早使⽤指挥棒的⾳乐家之⼀。
• Credited with inventing rehearsal letters, the chinrest, and being an early
adopter of the baton.
• 约翰·托斯特(Johann Tost)与斯波尔签订协议,获得斯波尔在维也纳三年
内创作的所有室内乐作品的演出权。
• Johann Tost made a deal with Spohr to own the rights to performances
of whatever chamber music he composed in Vienna over a three-year period.
• 这部九重奏是“协奏曲⻛格”(Concertante)⸺⽐协奏曲更轻松,但包含独
奏段落,突出各个乐器。
• The nonet is in Concertante style – lighter than a concerto, but contains
solo parts, highlighting individual instruments.
• 第⼆乐章使⽤了兰德勒节奏(Ländler)。
• 2nd movement uses Ländler rhythm.
• 第三乐章在开头主题中使⽤了减和弦。
• 3rd movement uses diminished chord as part of opening theme.

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• 另⼀⾸著名的九重奏由捷克作曲家博胡斯拉夫·⻢蒂努(Bohuslav Martinu)
于 1959 年创作。
• Another famous nonet by Czech composer Bohuslav Martinu (1959).

费利克斯·⻔德尔松 – E♭ ⼤调弦乐⼋重奏,作品 20
Felix Mendelssohn – Octet in E-flat major for Strings, Op. 20
• 费利克斯在 16 岁时创作,献给他的⽼师、斯波尔的学⽣爱德华·⾥茨
(Eduard Rietz)。
• Written when Felix was 16 years old. Dedicated to his violin teacher,
Eduard Rietz – a protégé of Louis Spohr.
• 这部⼋重奏受歌德的《浮⼠德》(Faust)启发。
• The octet was inspired by Goethe’s Faust.
• 歌德与⻔德尔松家族关系密切。
• Goethe and the Mendelssohns were friends.
• 第三乐章引⽤了《浮⼠德》中《瓦尔普吉斯之夜的梦》(Walpurgis Night’s
Dream)的主题。
• 3rd movement references Walpurgis Night’s Dream from Faust.
• 第四乐章以⼋声部赋格开始,并引⽤了亨德尔《弥赛亚》中《他将永远统
治》的“哈利路亚”主题。
• 4th movement begins with an 8-part fugue and quotes the Hallelujah
chorus from Handel’s Messiah – “and he shall reign forever and ever.”
• 使⽤“循环形式”(cyclic form)⸺之前乐章的主题在之后乐章中再次出
现,以形成统⼀感。
• Use of cyclic form – where thematic material from a previous movement
returns as a unifying device.
• 第三乐章的主题在第四乐章中回归。
• Theme from 3rd movement returns in 4th movement.

范妮·⻔德尔松·汉塞尔 – D ⼩调钢琴三重奏
Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel – Piano Trio in D minor
• 和费利克斯⼀样才华横溢,是⼀位出⾊的钢琴家和作曲家。
• As prodigious as Felix, an exceptional pianist and composer.
• 这部钢琴三重奏是为妹妹蕾⻉卡·⻔德尔松(Rebecka Mendelssohn)的⽣
⽇⽽作。
• Piano trio composed for Rebecka Mendelssohn’s (younger sister)

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birthday.
• 第⼆、三乐章模仿歌曲⻛格(“⽆⾔歌”)。
• 2nd and 3rd movements imitate song style (“Song without words”).
• 第三乐章引⽤了费利克斯·⻔德尔松的清唱剧《以利亚》(Elijah)中的⼀段
咏叹调:“如果你们诚⼼寻求我”(If with all your hearts ye truly seek me)。
• 3rd movement quotes an aria from Felix Mendelssohn’s Elijah – “If with
all your hearts ye truly seek me.”
• 第四乐章以钢琴⻓⽽富有戏剧性的独奏开场。
• 4th movement opens with a long, dramatic, cadenza-like solo for piano.

罗伯特·舒曼 – E♭ ⼤调钢琴四重奏,作品 47(1842)


Robert Schumann – Piano Quartet in E-flat major, Op. 47 (1842)
• 第三乐章的主题与变奏极富不协和感。
• Highly dissonant 3rd movement theme and variations.
• 使⽤“改调法”(Scordatura)⸺在演奏中将⼤提琴的 C 弦调⾄降 B,以获
得最后的踏板⾳(pedal point)。
• Use of scordatura – retuning of cello C string down to Bb during the
movement to achieve the final pedal point.
• 创作于舒曼的“室内乐年”(1842 年)。
• Year of chamber music – 1842.
• 舒曼以歌曲闻名⸺《诗⼈之恋》(Dichterliebe)是他的代表性声乐套曲,
歌词出⾃海因⾥希·海涅(Heinrich Heine)。
• Schumann is known for song – Dichterliebe song cycle (poems by
Heinrich Heine).

罗伯特·舒曼 – 《幻想⼩品集》,作品 73
Robert Schumann – Phantasiestücke, Op. 73
• 《幻想曲》是⼀种相对⾃由的创作形式,常常模仿即兴演奏或即兴创作,不
遵循严格的结构,⽽是作曲家想象⼒的产物。
• Fantasy is a relatively free compositional form, often imitating
improvisation or impromptu.
• 舒曼推崇这⼀形式。
• Schumann championed this form.
• 舒曼使⽤两个笔名:
• Schumann used two pseudonyms:

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• 弗洛雷斯坦(Florestan)⸺外向、热情、充满激情和冲动。
• Florestan – extroverted, passionate, exuberant and impulsive.
• 尤⻄⽐乌斯(Eusebius)⸺内向、深思、反思和害羞。
• Eusebius – introverted, thoughtful, reflective, shy.

克拉拉·舒曼 – G ⼩调钢琴三重奏
Clara Schumann – Piano Trio in G minor
• 克拉拉是⼀位天才钢琴家,推动了“公共古典钢琴独奏⾳乐会”这⼀传统的形
成。
• Clara was a prodigious pianist – contributed to the formation of the
public “Classical” piano recital.
• 她通过背谱演奏,帮助确⽴了这⼀演奏传统。
• She helped establish this performance tradition by playing from memory.
• 克拉拉的⽗亲弗⾥德⾥希·维克(Friedrich Wiek)是⼀位成功的钢琴教师。
罗伯特·舒曼曾是他的学⽣。
• Clara’s father Friedrich Wiek was a successful piano teacher. Robert
studied with him.
• 采⽤清晰⽽传统的奏鸣曲式(仅有轻微修改)。
• Clear, concise use of traditional sonata form (with very minor
alterations).
• ⼴泛使⽤踏板⾳(pedal point),使⽤属调⼩九和弦。
• Pervasive use of pedal points and use of dominant minor ninth.

克拉拉·舒曼 – 三⾸⼩提琴与钢琴浪漫曲
Clara Schumann – Three Romances for Violin and Piano
• “浪漫曲”(Romance)作为⼀种器乐体裁,是⼀种相对⾃由的作品,具有抒
情特征,通常采⽤简单的 ABA 形式。
• “Romance” as an instrumental genre is a relatively free-form work with a
lyrical quality, usually in simple ABA form.
• 克拉拉在 19 世纪积极创作浪漫曲。
• Clara cultivated the genre of the 19th-century Romance.
• 作品献给⼩提琴家约瑟夫·约阿希姆(Joseph Joachim)。
• Piece dedicated to violinist Joseph Joachim.
• 克拉拉和罗伯特的完整书信集约有 20,000 封。
• Complete collection of letters between Clara and Robert are estimated

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at around 20,000.

约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯 – F ⼩调钢琴五重奏
Johannes Brahms – Piano Quintet in F minor
• 最初作为弦乐五重奏创作,受舒伯特 C ⼤调弦乐五重奏启发。
• Originally written as a string quintet and inspired by Schubert’s string
quintet in C.
• 勃拉姆斯改编为双钢琴版,与克拉拉·舒曼为⿊森的安娜公主(Princess
Anna of Hesse)演奏。
• Brahms created a two-piano version that he performed with Clara
Schumann for Princess Anna of Hesse.
• 勃拉姆斯将作品献给安娜公主,安娜回赠了莫扎特 G ⼩调交响曲的⼿稿。
• Brahms dedicated the piece to Princess Anna, and she gifted him the
autograph score of Mozart’s G-minor symphony as a thank you.
• 勃拉姆斯批准了钢琴四⼿联弹版本,⽤于家庭⾳乐会(Hausmusik)。
• Brahms approved the piano four-hands version for use in Hausmusik –
domestic house music.
• 第三乐章结束⽅式与舒伯特的 C ⼤调弦乐五重奏的结尾相似(降 D ⾄ C 的
半⾳关系)。
• 3rd movement ends in a similar way to the finale of Schubert’s string
quintet – Db to C half step.
• 第四乐章呈现罗姆⼈⾳乐⻛格,类似于舒伯特的弦乐五重奏。
• 4th movement shows Romani influences – similar to Schubert’s string
quintet.
• 节奏复杂,节拍模糊⸺来⾃他对⽂艺复兴⾳乐的研究。
• Rhythmic complexity and metrical ambiguity – rhythms stretch across
the bar line. Comes from his interest and study of Renaissance music.

约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯 – 单簧管五重奏
Johannes Brahms – Clarinet Quintet
• 受单簧管演奏家理查德·⽶尔费尔德(Richard Mühlfeld)启发创作。
• Inspired by clarinet player Richard Mühlfeld.
• 第⼆乐章模仿罗姆⼈⾳乐⻛格⸺单簧管呈现出即兴的⻓段落,弦乐仿效琴
瑟(Cimbalom,⼀种扬琴)。
• 2nd movement imitates Romani music – long, improvisatory style in the

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clarinet, strings emulate the Cimbalom – a dulcimer-like instrument.
• 勃拉姆斯 20 岁时曾与埃德·雷梅尼(Ede Reményi)在欧洲巡演,演奏“罗
姆⼈”⾳乐,即兴伴奏。
• Brahms toured Europe with Ede Reményi when he was 20 years old,
performing “Romani” music, improvising accompaniments.
• 勃拉姆斯与约瑟夫·约阿希姆保持了终身的密切合作。
• Brahms maintained a lifelong collaboration with Joseph Joachim.

安东尼·德沃夏克 – 美国五重奏,作品 97
Antonín Dvořák – String Quintet, Op. 97 “American”
• 配器:两把⼩提琴、两把中提琴、⼤提琴(与莫扎特的五重奏配器相同)。
• Instrumentation: 2 violins, 2 violas, 1 cello – same instrumentation as
Mozart’s quintet.
• 珍妮特·瑟伯(Jeanette Thurber)邀请德沃夏克到美国纽约担任国家⾳乐学
院院⻓,要求他帮助建⽴“美国⻛格”的⾳乐。
• Jeanette Thurber brought Dvořák to America (NYC) to be the president
of the National Conservatory of Music, with the instruction to help create an
American style of music.
• 德沃夏克建议使⽤⾮裔美国⼈的灵歌作为美国⾳乐的基础。
• Dvořák suggested using African American Spirituals as the basis of
American music.
• 德沃夏克曾向哈利·T·伯利(Harry T. Burleigh)学习灵歌。
• Dvořák learned spirituals from Harry T. Burleigh.
• 第⼆乐章使⽤了美洲原住⺠的⿎舞节奏。
• 2nd movement uses Native American drumming rhythm.
• 第三乐章是基于重新改编的《My Country Tis’ of Thee》(美国国歌)的主
题与变奏。
• 3rd movement is a theme and variations based on a reworked version of
My Country Tis’ of Thee – the American anthem at the time.

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