The English Civil War & the
Glorious Revolution
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–Examine the image on the
next slide. What do you
think is going on?
–What do you think led to the
actions in this slide?
English Civil War (1642-1647)
Reasons for the English Civil War
In 1603, Elizabeth died. She
never married, so there were no
heirs to continue the
Tudor Dynasty
Mary Stuart’s son
James I became the
King of England—
started Stuart
Dynasty in England
Reasons for the English Civil War
Queen Elizabeth recognized the
importance of working with Parliament
James I did not; believed he should be
absolute monarch because of Divine
Right (God chooses royal families to
rule); James I did not listen to
Parliament
Major problems between Parliament &
King over issues of Authority, Money,
& Religion
Problems between the
King and Parliament
Authority—James I believed
in divine right and absolutism;
Parliament felt king should be
limited by Parliament
Money—James I has to ask
Parliament for money to
finance government and
life style
What is divine right?
1. King has power to rule
from people.
2. King has the power to
rule from Congress.
3. King has power to rule
from Parliament.
4. King has power to rule
from God.
Problems between the
King and Parliament
Religion—Puritans were members of
the Anglican Church who wanted all
Catholic rituals removed; Puritans
were active members of
Parliament & were angered
when James I arranged
marriage of son (Charles) to
a Catholic princess
Reasons for the English Civil War
When James I died in 1625, his son
Charles I became king
Charles was “worse” than
James:
–Charles believed in divine
right & absolute monarchy;
refused to discuss ideas with
Parliament—only called
Parliament when he needed money
Reasons for the English Civil War
Parliament got fed up with Charles I &
refused to give him money unless
signed Petition of Rights in 1628:
– King could not jail people
without a good reason
– King could not make taxes
without Parliament's approval
– King could not keep his soldiers in
peoples’ homes & could not use army
to maintain order during peacetime
Civil War
Charles I was really mad at
Parliament & refused to call another
Parliament for 11 years until he
needed money to end revolts in
Ireland & Scotland
Conflict between supporters
of King (Royalists/Cavaliers) &
Parliament grew so bad that
a civil war was inevitable
Civil War
War between Cavaliers
(Royalists) vs Roundheads
(supporters of Parliament)
lasted for 5 years
Roundheads found a strong
leader in Oliver Cromwell;
Cromwell
Cromwell and Roundheads won &
behead the king (1st public
execution of a king)
Do you think the Charles I should
have been executed?
1. Strongly agree
2. Somewhat agree
3. Somewhat
disagree
4. Strongly disagree
What did the 19 Propositions say?
1. Gave the King supreme
power.
2. Gave Parliament Supreme
power.
3. Made the Commonwealth
legal.
4. Gave Oliver Cromwell
complete power.
After the Civil War
After the Civil War, a
Commonwealth was created—
type of government with no king &
ruled by Parliament
Oliver Cromwell led
the Commonwealth,
but did not use democracy
— he became a
military dictator
New Commonwealth
Life in the Commonwealth was harsh
because it was led by Cromwell & the
Puritans; Forced strict religious rules
on people of England:
It was illegal to go to
theaters & sporting events;
“merrymaking” &
“amusement” were illegal
Citizens hated living this way & began
to want to bring back a king again
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Kin is a
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Pa rule!
Civil War
Graffiti
Ca
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The Restoration (1660)
Restoration
People grew tired of the severe,
religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the
Puritans; many wanted a king again
In 1660, Charles I’s son became King
of England—Charles II was called the
“Merry Monarch” because
he brought back theatres,
sporting events, dancing
& he got along with
Parliament!!
H e n ry V II
A rth u r H e n r y V III M a rg a re t M a ry
M a ry I E liz a b e th I E d w a rd V I Jam es V
" B lo o d y M a r y " K in g o f
S c o t la n d
M a ry S tu a rt
Q ueen of
S c o t la n d
Jam es I
C h a r le s I
C h a r le s II J a m e s II
Restoration
Charles II learned from the lessons of
his father & grandfather:
–Did not try to rule by Divine Right &
did not threaten Parliament’s
authority
–Passed Habeas Corpus Law—
Law
everyone guaranteed a trial
after arrest; cannot be held
in jail forever
–Anglicanism was official religion, but
treated Puritans & Catholics equally
Restoration
During the Restoration,
Parliament strengthened the
Church of England—only
Anglicans could attend
universities, serve in Parliament,
be priests in Anglican Church
Parliament created Constitutional
Monarchy based on Magna Carta
& Petition of Right (Guaranteed
rights of people & limited king)
Restoration
BUT,there were problems:
–Charles II needed more money than
Parliament was willing to give; so he
made a secret agreement with Louis
XIV of France to convert to
Catholicism in exchange for money
–Charles II had no children; when he
died, his openly-Catholic brother
James II will be king (Parliament's
worst fear!!)
Thisis
James II
Glorious Revolution
James ignoring Parliament’s religious laws,
James appointed Catholics to government
and university positions.
Parliament was worried the throne would go
to James II son who was to be raised
Catholic.
Encouraged William of Orange (ruler of the
Netherlands who was married to James II
daughter Mary) to invade and take over.
Glorious Revolution (Cont)
James II fled to France when he
realized he had little support from
England.
This peaceful transfer of power was
called the Glorious Revolution.
William and Mary
Williamand Mary swore an oath that
they would govern the people of
England.
Parliament passed the Bill of Rights.
This passage made it clear that
Parliament was in control.
What is a commonwealth?
1. A state ruled by the 59%
monarch.
2. A state ruled by a
36%
hegemon.
3. A state ruled by a
constitution.
5%
4. A state ruled by 0%
elected
representatives.
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What is a constitutional monarchy?
1. Form of government in which
monarch’s power is limited by the
constitution.
82%
2. Form of government in which
monarch’s power is unlimited by the
constitution.
3. Form of government where
Parliament is in control.
4. Form of government where
Parliament is not in control.
5% 5% 9%
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What is habeas corpus?
1. People have to be tried. 100%
2. People cannot be held in
prison w/o just cause or w/o
a trial.
3. People need to be read their
miranda rights.
4. People have to have an
attorney present at trial.
0% 0% 0%
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