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macro scopec VVs

microccopic v'ecopoinf of Thermocynomi
Thermodyramme Syskm and Surrou
-3 Tyees af System Boundary
Ty afTo systemr o ckares T O systems

To Variables. 8 TO roperties
Diffezentiafe among nensave and
extensie opersies
Dntensive aud Exteniive
fntensive aud Etriue
a
properfie>
ClassetyCtassifyH a o a aeven

O Cnas confined n gston Rinde tnkrna Eher

No moleculrs
Massroluuu mole t
HetmholtsFrte Enery
ibb's Prre Enerzy voluul Oensih
O oensib
Entropy moss (
moar

CapaciH DEnthalpy m o d r Hea0

Spece rolue Temp. Pres. speefie
molar Enthalp
¬nthalpy
molarentopy molar
(aMolor heat Copoci 2 iscosity
Inde iscovity.
tnde
Uafraebive
Hhe cele
6 Emf o
ath funchion
9-85toke and funchio 8& a
funchion
th
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e a State
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s a Stalee
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3+8
funcfion finl
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Q-12
-12
afa cyindea
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is
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stote

tha valume
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-14
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of a Rea
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reYane

Q-15
state funcaio
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rosove = 14z+t+ 5z s a tak fuc |
T y P e s e TD °Equibrium
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8 Tyees a specificHea
o l a Hea capaci
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-19
capaut
Heat aud ooTk
-20 LUPAC Cmventiona s r
-21 Keverestble aud
Crrerersible rocess
uPAC
cen
Con venton
vention sign
s2ga:
C0ork
colculation. Ouol
-22
-22

Cyclic Process
-23
TD
&-24 haws of

Third aw

First aLo secsnd tauo

TD.
Kerotn tauo
TD of
oTD
C A d t-
Calthe
Coork dme f folisrni
8-25

P 2an

2at2

PT

IL

V
 thea Guynamics elementaan DbLemy O23
Cns r a botie o c a 0Presed He
coflal inelaatic fterible ballsn ?nall
folded Compleicl fat to a votumne. f so
he a o 2 elezneady t6o mm o Hg C he wOrk dunk

eupenthe atmosphere baleoh2

H stm Cylindez deice opezalcg f

1k i
offid af
at
0atm resure Tho tnitial valume o04mThe flwd
alroed to expand naveasibtyfoluin Proe Pv
o t h o t the ro beconeo J u b l a . Fryd is han
t h o n ceoled
ccoled

GEDeD bae k Jo
ComstanPreawae cunfR0 t e pistn
Cal. t h e CUork done
nginal positon. jcle

Pv' emf.

V
Deleemne etotal sork dn b a 9 sysen
at premure s b u e ouagrom fotlowo an exfansion
roce shoun in tiabalod
Pv"2= cem.
Maswe o Lotellgenee
s the a M i i bo PaAm) U D E N T

ChangcAle
Aeeinstein.

KPa
A
a epanols trm o n 1nital Stafe cet P*31D
Stale ohire
and voluue,(nelahmahip) O0425 mbo a f i n a
P-v nsp duuing
pv Cm
P 136 KPa the
wOrk in k). (
CAOrk dan ahen me mallo 4ue gO0 1S
Findthe
amol isotheamaly fm 6 afm tolafm
.5 eponded eveLsibiy
at 25 CC.
af
aC c0a em.?s c e d r k
a ne
theotadng chang
ebich h e surrounding
o2 SurYounding
tu SySem
doM by

n Syskm
o 0 ) > oS)
Lo )
+ N. 9) 2NH
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amanP
eeze D«l. quio
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tunsisPina
o shlos,
done e hen
n

h
chaatth
h
cL
C LL
LVve
e

tdD he
Caleulale he aea PV: diaIran
&8 dnoleohe agnitude e
uk on

$ T U D E N T

2. 12
xe m

ioteal 200 oreo

2 molo of
alm hree diffeae Pats
2 barand Vi 8L o Pr*2o
fron :
-

() Rovsibte ceore>>im
cmgroin ogalnt a constanf extemal
TA single saqe
Preu of 2Obar

dme n h e qas n ney. isothenmal epsrotnidy

Ca. cUrk
CeoopreD\n
Sage Cenpreoi
Stage M
n Single
dme cothe a o
al. Cb
non of 25C expands zn volume
An
J.OL bo 4.0L at Cmsfant temp. Cohaf 25 he ceco
fr
the ga expands
agaunsracuum(oxtO)
dne

0:01 mole smfle o/ a goo s cnmprened trm2

25'C,O
temp. ahat
is toosk dne
fif + e
4L to 1L a cmsta»
is 4 bar
t Drep.
3 3 n a
 The
Thego is cooled aud Lose2 65J of heat.
drio on th2
gascenBroce ceolu oo work
if aud
eyChanged.c n+hi sarroudin
SSHer e q u o to 20T z O
coat are q,w aud de

of som of CaH4 c1 th
the nen.
22 TTheentnalpa
h Chonge tr h a t 2s theoe
af,otm prem. iz H: O31 K.
SDm Krme at arc
i -280s

cmbustin ef aose
c m a u m a

he enthalpy neho t o
3 coze
oo o
Hoo mon roms o stours
camb f i a h t
of
COssumeaf 62.5 s) to

thrah 3m Asume
25/ ef
3uudm
anountan of olituda
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unep
erthalpy cau be Cnverpd to

Cyuinol
of heot
v's
idded to 2L
ef O2 in a

-4 .o Keal
am,the rolu s increazeo t S
ef
o c t n t revme

nade ilenpea timmo{

Csrmneecioally
Aime is a s h a n Imelt e
Limesfoore cal. Change
in inelr delgn
34+2m) otsorh3 1Jy Es ef Hea m e
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drenpores
16-9m') c CVz2g.9 )
Soud Co0, Cv
inoyindez sPing Rooded
is cenfincc u e fuwid is'a
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giston sothaf inkenaf
frciontun 19= a+bKThe
Lineartnctim
efhe rolu HdetLasing
H p c t u a s i n g con[U34 13-5
an

l w d giren
feel ol Changi
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shan

bo
c o k e l u s in k FA D.03 m o a final 3 t a t o teo kfa
o m s t h e giston,f ind
tniial stae of
8 tunthamthat den
t r o r k Oucl Koot fransfa
wth no w k efe
ragnitud
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a
Oa The oeuqien
he Potueing Uen,u: 35tPy +8
Ayskm,Gmposed
in k 7 , s ine43 uud.Yi
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tis sustamee,
3t4
a rotst1efg22
fha PTau 1(DEfa oa
sUTEfa
aud
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t e espouaim L
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u e
fIted tutha aten
n d e a
f h e a of piston
is suoem audT L a GhaodAten-
for the Pods if the Aa
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a preaune a atn durin t )

ine 's 3eSkS. na)+ 2 as>zn n
s reundins
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and
at 3rok
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of
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3

cengtn ruaa af
am icioal

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state V

stae P,,V,,Tto -finall staie

A mal gao 9c a init al
c Calculae Chaue in
Inteanal Eneisy an
y2

Oxygen is krated fm 8D o &uo ot a censo remua of

cohap is t h Af it aia C 25 t13-6 iOT_425x
bae
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f 2st and
cangiiened bp, be
an idadl go): ëoitialty votaine hao
CtI6 Metnane C grp pwiLe
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variain e t mol heat capaei arit
dubled. The
481xIoT Cal.HO
Au
es2234-
tomp is
enthalpd fforrmatim o walee. Lauwid
The stndoad valué 313K-The m o a
285.7t K E299 K cAL t n e a
ALat copaitiedaf ca neCP) i n t ginn tmp.
ace vepucivey 38 33,23.16 &
veause o C9 O29) s HOR
95-8Ye J'noi
An Iovestment e time aud money in educatin pos the bet tnterrst
 ERMMOOYNA mtcs -

O 04 for JEE-Cmaun+ Adv) nieer

Calulafe the maximum aud
mininum Sork don
expandofrn 5afm 3ahnmn
af 3od K and hae s mokes.

Cndlen90e a procO
5moles of an idsal 9a
O
C a l c u l a l e the
aeween 5 atm aud 3 afm af 30DK
maemitude o minimum auud maximum ADk dne

af a contan sskm
copaciy at cmstant
reue,
Heat be exPremed as
anol may
s atuncfim o mp mly mperatun af the

isth
093 + t 8 Chnd maintainsol
smaintainnol

t+ 16d /c Heakd
cohide it
Ssein c The m s
volunt
Ieaaas fron
its
a m until increaes m o'c to
20o cm to 24 o Cm aud ferrmperoku and o u s m t
maqnitucde
Heaf inte rachm
Hoo
I CD°C he suskm
inereaaes
inkanal eneng af
ialeal goo
(diatomic) 1Cv.mSRq
Tcesd m o l e s o O u
adiabaicol
irreversibly &
amd 5 atm expanded cms
2otm againf at
ar 3oD K a

S o a Pinal
prerauee of av .
Calulake a, aH 2
sseui alam.
in an
Sdric done by System
Calculale the oaXimum
i r e v e r s i b l e aduobakic
expansi On a
30d K ad
m o l e s U a polyaf
10 afm
rmun td latm
oolyot|
a
Omic gao frm
PDceM h e reasuee

Quein an
adiabakic
Groportional
to t h e
Cube of it
of its
be
to P.m/Cym"e
totuct C o l c u l a e the
ration o
terop. Prear
a t econson resne
absotule
untan
adiabatically

expands CPm/cv.m) al t h e
A Gao The
valuul o Y
TXV2.
Suc tna
ioleal o expansim de
aciabakic

For a
nevmsibte P
2
s equal 6o o m
Temperature
Calcuate t h
ioa E o adiako
ond hicotl.
adiabaticol
t h a t is
Ceopreme Ably m
iollal gao
to 2l af 30dK
frm 16t
 5moles o idlial
am
g a expanded isothermall Ovd
irveveSíblyfrm a gremehe o10 atm bo J atm adina
a constoErtema (rmunt o atm Ca. i r r Of Jaco.

orth wha inimum@reune (in kPa) a given volumd

4tbK aud
ofau icdeal 9a (Cem%R) ornsinolly af adia-
b
Calb
Compreaedireei
oDKAa gremunR
in o r d e p to raite its tmp. to 60oK
batitaly
is shon in P-V diaoqraun tir a u idaal
yclic procas ABC0 same pnen )
A
thefollsusing
diagrau rprvenk thë
gap.thich of

V V

T
T

mafch +he Celumn

(AAdababic hoc
H-O
1sothermal co
C f s e n t halpie Groceso

sentropic roes
S O

goap. w=-n lin Y

1Rev. Bo. Exp. con adeal V
R v . Act. Cap. (tPv: cana
fm. A d i a exp.
ECG-YI
1
dI R o .C r n .
H O
CHAVE NO SPECEAL TALENTS. AM oNLY ASStONATELY CURTOv6".
 NeET THERMOOYN AMICS Adiobafic
o
Ioen#it4 Thegraph
Proces.Om d gnan
fr tsothevmal anol

PT
P

V2
V>

v
V
Cal. sok dlone2

6 for a b )
Pm a C b C Crr.)
( ade+f>b
1
RA

Vn)
o twd ioteal gases
eoch
A
0.5 0.5 moie of in a
CCVmR) aud e Cm8e) a e tobeu
and expaudeolaeesibly
Containe
adiabaticoCd

duing his Proce temp. cf 9baeeumixtuee

cle
250K. PHoo
BH f r t a Groeep
frm3sOK to
Of D1O mol c monn-
c a l . final empCROT
atomic ioleal9aothat Pefprm75 Col of u r k
adiabakicaly f T inittal krnperatune iz
( ore & 2 cal/tmele)
2C
c a l avg.molar HiaF Copauti acmsfant
. nrn ideal gane va. a gamo
a (wm)&
 - Cal. final femp. of a monoafomic 1cloal 9a
that is CoPresed Tevesjbly auol adnboticólla
fom l6L to 2L a f acDK.
aosabakie Ceap resim
T h eThe usork dso22 2n
monoafomc 20o aninst
of 2ale of a n folea
a m Siaeing
censtanexternal Prune of2
mfnitial aud initial U
aremune oP1 1 atm
temperature. ef 3DK (R:2 cal/ mal-dagre)

PV
e

V
ToleniE 4he o ces & Puk the valuea

1 2 f r Revesesi ble adiababie dceal 9aD

expansion.Cal the valu ef de
P

Tdentif therocOMs ovm

-v uve, V-f Cuve
&P-r c d

pt

V V V

T T