CERTIFICATION
This Is To Certify That&&..ALL ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING STUDENT Of 3rd Year , Session - (2022 -
2025) Electrical Engineering Of R.P.B.M Jiaganj College Of Engineering & Technology , Has
Successfully Completed This Project On&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..
Making a " 200W Power Inverter " As Final Year Project Under Our Supervision And Guidance In
Requirements Of Curriculum Of Diploma In Electrical Engineering Under West Bengal State Council Of
Technical & Vocational Education And Skill Development .
Project Coordinator Principle H.O.D
( Signature ) ( Signature ) ( Signature )
Date - &&&&&&&&&&
200W POWER INVERTER
Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Diploma In Electrical
Engineering
Under The Guidance Of
Mr. Hiranmay Das (H.O.D)
Department of Electrical Engineering
R.P.B.M Jiaganj College Of Engineering & Technology
Jiaganj, Hatibagan, Murshidabad
Final Year Project Report: Making a
200W Power Inverter -
This comprehensive project report documents the design, development, and testing of a 200W
inverter constructed as a final year diploma project in electrical engineering. The report is structured to
provide a logical sequence from preliminary acknowledgements and contents, through technical
details such as component descriptions and circuit diagrams, to evaluation of results and future scope
for improvements. The inverter developed aims to convert a 12V DC supply into 220V AC output with a
capacity of approximately 200 watts. This document serves both as an academic submission and a
technical reference for understanding inverter design and implementation at the diploma level.
Project Scope:
Input Voltage: A typical project may use a 12V or 24V DC input, sourced from a battery.
Output Voltage & Frequency: The inverter will typically produce 230V AC at 50Hz, matching the
standard mains voltage for appliances.
Power Output: The design will be tailored to deliver 200W of AC power.
Components: The project will likely utilize transistors, MOSFETs, ICs for PWM control, transformers
(possibly a high-frequency transformer), capacitors, and resistors.
Testing & Evaluation: The inverter's performance will be evaluated by measuring its output voltage,
current, and efficiency under different load conditions.
Contents -
The contents of this report include:
Introduction
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Project Overview
Detailed Component Descriptions
Circuit Diagram and Explanation
Testing and Perform Analysis
Results
Conclusion
Future Work
Introduction -
A 200W inverter for a diploma final year project is a practical application of electrical engineering
principles, focusing on converting DC power from a battery to AC power for use with standard
appliances. This project provides hands-on experience with power electronics, circuit design, and
troubleshooting.
Key aspects of a 200W inverter project:
Conversion of DC to AC: The core function is to take a DC voltage (e.g., from a car battery or solar
panel) and convert it to AC voltage and frequency (e.g., 230V, 50Hz) suitable for powering appliances.
Power Handling: The project involves designing the circuit to handle a specified power output
(200W), ensuring it can deliver the necessary voltage and current to the load.
Circuit Design: This involves selecting appropriate components like transistors, MOSFETs, ICs for
voltage regulation, pulse width modulation (PWM) control, and power conditioning.
Safety Features: Incorporating features like overload protection, low battery shutdown, and short-
circuit protection is crucial for a functional and safe inverter.
Practical Implementation: The project involves building a prototype, testing its performance, and
analyzing its efficiency and limitations.
Educational Value: This project provides practical experience in power electronics, circuit design,
and problem-solving, valuable skills for diploma graduates entering the workforce.
Acknowledgement -
It gives us immense pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude to our supervisor Mr. Hiranmay Das
for his invaluable guidance, motivation, constant, inspiration and above all for his ever co-operating
attitude that enabled us in bringing up this thesis in the present from. we extremely thankful Mr. Nayan
Sarkar, head of the department of electrical engineering for providing all kinds of possible help and
advice during the course of this work.
We are greatly thankful to Sir Mr Khokon Das, Sir Mr Joydeep Sarkar and all the staff members of the
department and our entire well wisher, classmates and friends for their inspiration and help throughout
the development process.
Special thanks to the laboratory staff for facilitating access to necessary tools and equipment.
Submitted By
Abstract -
This project involves designing and assembling a 200W inverter circuit capable of converting low
voltage direct current (DC) to high voltage alternating current (AC). The inverter is designed primarily
for small-scale power backup applications. The design consists of a 12V input system, controlled
switching elements, and a transformer to step up the voltage to the required 220V AC. The project
emphasizes practical construction as well as an understanding of the working principles of inverters.
Results demonstrate successful voltage conversion with stable output suitable for powering light
domestic loads.
Key innovations include optimizing component selection for efficiency, custom cabinet construction
from PVC sheets, and integration of safety features through relays and protective circuit elements. The
report details all stages including component specifications, assembly, and rigorous testing for output
stability and reliability.
This is a feature that makes it safe to use any where when compared to generator. Also, the circuit is
capable of charging the battery (i.e 12v source) when the power from the supply authority is on. This
greatly reduces the cost of operation of the system.
Project Overview and Component
Details
The inverter project centers around transforming a 12V DC supply, sourced from a rechargeable
battery, into a 220V AC output with power capacity up to 200 watts. The inverter system uses both
semiconductor switching devices and electromagnetic transformers to achieve voltage conversion.
Key components used in this project include:
1. 200 Watt Inverter Kit 2. 12V 3A Transformer
This kit includes the core circuitry with A step-up transformer converting 12V AC from
transistors, resistors, capacitors, and ICs the inverter circuits9 oscillator output into 220V
assembled on a printed circuit board (PCB). It AC output suitable for household appliances.
serves as the primary driver for voltage Rated at 3 amperes to sustain up to 200W
switching and waveform generation. power.
3. IN5404 & IN4007 Diodes 4. 12V Relay
High current and fast recovery diodes used for Used for automatic switching and protection in
rectification and protection against voltage the inverter circuit to handle load switching and
spikes in the circuit. prevent circuit damage under fault conditions.
5. Alligator Clips 6. 5 Pin Socket
Used for making temporary and secure Electrical connector used for interfacing and
connections between battery terminals and connecting different parts of the inverter circuit
inverter circuitry during testing and assembly. safely and reliably.
7. ON/OFF Switch 8. 2 Pin Plug
Manually controls power supply input to the Interface used for plugging the inverter output
inverter system, enabling user convenience and into external AC equipment or outlets.
safety control.
9. 12V Battery 10. PVC Pipe Sheet Cabinet
The DC power source providing the input Material used to fabricate the protective outer
voltage to the inverter circuit. Typically a lead- cabinet of the inverter, ensuring insulation,
acid rechargeable type capable of providing safety, and structural protection.
sufficient current over extended durations.
11. Connecting Wires: High-quality insulated wires used throughout for connections, ensuring minimal
power loss, secure contacts, and circuit reliability.
Circuit Diagram and Working
Explanation
The circuit of the 200W inverter comprises a 12V DC input, an oscillator circuit, switching devices, a
transformer, and output terminals. The heart of the inverter is the oscillator circuit that generates a
square wave AC voltage at a frequency of 50Hz. This is achieved using transistor-based switching or IC
timers configured to alternate the current direction through the transformer primary winding.
The switching transistors operate as electronic switches turning on and off alternately to induce an
alternating magnetic field within the transformer. The transformer steps up the voltage from 12V to the
desired 220V suitable for general AC loads.
Diodes IN5404 and IN4007 provide rectification and protection pathways to prevent reverse voltage
spikes from damaging the components. The 12V relay integrates a safety mechanism to disconnect the
load or switch modes during abnormal operation. The ON/OFF switch provides user manual control for
powering the system. Connectors like alligator clips and 5-pin sockets facilitate modular testing and
assembly.
The circuit also incorporates filtering capacitors and resistors to stabilize voltage waveforms and
reduce electrical noise, ensuring a clean and stable output. Proper grounding and insulated wiring are
critical to minimize interference and ensure operator safety.
Circuit Diagram
Testing, and Performance Analysis -
Rigorous testing was performed to gauge the inverter's performance characteristics, including output
voltage stability, waveform quality, power delivery, and thermal behavior under load. The inverter
successfully converted 12V DC input from the battery into a 220V AC output with a load capability of
up to 200 watts, demonstrating the practical viability for small devices.
Voltage measurements at no load and full load conditions indicated stable output closely matching
nominal specifications. The output waveform was predominantly square wave, suitable for resistive
loads such as lighting and small household appliances. Some harmonic distortion was noted, typical for
low-cost inverter designs.
Thermal testing showed acceptable temperature rise in critical components such as the transformer
and switching transistors, confirming that the PCB layout and cabinet ventilation were adequate for
heat dissipation. The relay and protective diodes functioned correctly under load transitions and
overload conditions.
Limitations included less efficiency compared to pure sine wave inverters and minor audible noise from
the transformer. Nevertheless, the inverter met all core functional requirements and performed reliably
during extended operation sessions.
Results -
Hands-on experience: The project offers practical experience in building and testing a power
electronic circuit.
Skill development: It enhances skills in circuit design, problem-solving, and troubleshooting.
Increased knowledge: Students gain a deeper understanding of power electronics principles and
inverter technology.
Career readiness: The skills gained are valuable in various electrical engineering roles, especially in
renewable energy, power systems, and industrial automation.
Conclusion
The 200W inverter successfully demonstrates the fundamental principles of DC to AC power
conversion using an oscillator-driven transformer approach. This project enhanced practical skills in
circuit design, component integration, and system testing within electrical engineering diploma level
competence.
The constructed inverter offers reliable power output suitable for basic domestic applications.
Component choices such as IN5404 and IN4007 diodes, a 12V 3A transformer, and relay protection
ensured efficient and safe operation. The PVC cabinet provided robust housing with electrical
insulation properties.
Challenges encountered predominantly involved optimizing waveform quality and designing secure,
low-resistance connections. These were addressed through iterative testing and component
adjustments throughout the project lifecycle.
Overall, this project serves as an effective educational model for understanding inverter technology
principles, highlighting areas for future advancements.
Future Work and Recommendations
Potential improvements for subsequent development include upgrading the inverter circuitry to
produce a pure sine wave output for enhanced compatibility with sensitive electronics. This could
involve incorporating more advanced PWM techniques and microcontroller-based control.
Component upgrades such as using MOSFETs or IGBTs as switching devices can improve efficiency
and reduce thermal losses. Integrating digital monitoring for voltage, current, and temperature
parameters would allow more precise system control and fault detection.
Mechanical enhancements might include better enclosure design with improved ventilation or
waterproofing. Employing higher capacity transformers and batteries would extend the inverter's
power capability, adapting it to more demanding applications.
Finally, implementing renewable energy integration such as solar charging control and battery
management systems would expand the inverter's applicability in sustainable energy models, aligning
with modern green engineering goals.
