1.
E-Commerce Platforms
Most Vulnerable To:
Memory Shadowing (cart/price manipulation)
TOCTOU Race Conditions (inventory/checkout systems)
Memory-Based Session Pivoting (account takeovers)
Why?
E-commerce apps frequently:
Use shared memory for shopping carts/pricing
Have complex checkout flows vulnerable to race conditions
Store sessions in memory for performance
Examples:
Magento (PHP)
Shopify (Ruby)
Custom Node.js/Java cart systems
2. Banking/FinTech Applications
Most Vulnerable To:
Memory Reuse After Free (C/C++ transaction processors)
TOCTOU Attacks (double-spending)
Memory-Resident Config Overrides (fraud rule bypass)
Why?
Financial apps often:
Use performance-critical native code (e.g., risk engines)
Rely on in-memory transaction processing
Cache sensitive configs in RAM
Examples:
Trading platforms (FIX protocol handlers)
Cryptocurrency exchanges
Core banking systems (like Temenos)
3. Enterprise SaaS (CRM/ERP)
Most Vulnerable To:
Memory-Based SQL Injection (cached queries)
Business Rule Injection (workflow engines)
Memory Cache Poisoning (shared tenant caches)
Why?
These apps typically:
Cache complex queries in memory
Use in-memory rule engines (Drools, etc.)
Multi-tenant architectures with shared memory pools
Examples:
Salesforce (Apex engine)
SAP HANA (in-memory DB)
Custom Java/Python SaaS platforms
4. Gaming & Gambling Platforms
Most Vulnerable To:
JSON-Driven Memory Corruption (game state manipulation)
Type Juggling (currency/balance exploits)
Memory Pool Exhaustion (real-time services)
Why?
Game backends often:
Use unsafe languages (C++/Rust) for performance
Store player states in memory
Have loose type checking for speed
Examples:
Online casinos (odds calculation engines)
MMO game servers
Betting exchange platforms
5. API Gateway/Microservices
Most Vulnerable To:
Memory Desync Attacks (stale cache reads)
JWT Validation Race Conditions
Memory Mirroring (versioning issues)
Why?
Microservices architectures:
Share memory caches across nodes
Often skip re-validation for performance
Run mixed API versions simultaneously
Examples:
Kong/APIGee gateways
Kubernetes service meshes (Istio)
GraphQL query caches
6. Healthcare Systems
Most Vulnerable To:
Pointer Arithmetic Flaws (DICOM/image processors)
ML Model Poisoning (diagnostic AI)
Memory-Based PII Leaks
Why?
Medical software frequently:
Uses unmanaged code for imaging
Caches sensitive patient data in RAM
Implements AI with in-memory models
Examples:
PACS (DICOM servers)
EHR systems (Epic, Cerner)
Diagnostic AI platforms
7. IoT/Embedded Web Interfaces
Most Vulnerable To:
Memory Exhaustion (constrained devices)
UAF Exploits (C/C++ firmware)
Config Overrides (in-memory settings)
Why?
IoT web interfaces often:
Run on resource-limited hardware
Use unsafe memory practices
Lack proper memory isolation
Examples:
Router admin panels (OpenWRT)
Industrial control systems (SCADA)
Automotive telematics
Language-Specific Risks
Language Most Common Memory Vulnerabilities
C/C++ UAF, Pointer Arithmetic, Heap
Corruption
Java Memory Shadowing, Cache Poisoning
Python TOCTOU, JSON Bomb (via cJSON)
Node.js Type Juggling, Memory Exhaustion
Go Memory Desync (goroutine races)
Rust Unsafe block exploits
1. E-Commerce Platforms
🛒 Cart/Checkout Flow
Frontend Event API Endpoint Memory Vulnerability
"Add to Cart" click POST /cart/add Memory Shadowing (price overwrite)
"Apply Coupon" submit POST /coupon/apply Business Rule Injection
"Checkout" button POST /checkout/process TOCTOU Race (inventory)
"Update Quantity" PATCH /cart/items/{id} JSON Array Bomb
2. Banking/FinTech Apps
💰 Transaction Flow
Frontend Event API Endpoint Memory Vulnerability
"Transfer Funds" submit POST /transfer/execute TOCTOU (double-spending)
"Change Limits" save PUT /account/limits Config Override
"Quick Pay" click POST /payments/fast UAF (C++ engines)
3. Enterprise SaaS (CRM/ERP)
📊 Data Operations
Frontend Event API Endpoint Memory Vulnerability
"Save Report" click POST /reports/save Memory-Based SQLi
"Bulk Import" upload POST /data/import JSON-Induced Exhaustion
"Run Workflow" trigger POST /workflow/execute Business Rule Injection
4. Gaming Platforms
🎮 Player Actions
Frontend Event API Endpoint Memory Vulnerability
"Place Bet" click POST /bet/place Type Juggling (currency)
"Open Loot Box" POST /loot/open Pointer Arithmetic (C++)
"Trade Items" confirm POST /trade/execute TOCTOU (item duplication)
5. Healthcare Systems
🏥 Medical Data Actions
Frontend Event API Endpoint Memory Vulnerability
"Upload DICOM" submit POST /imaging/upload UAF (DICOM parsers)
"Search Patients" POST /patient/search Memory-Based SQLi
"AI Diagnosis" run POST /diagnosis/predict ML Model Poisoning
6. IoT Device Panels
📱 Device Control
Frontend Event API Endpoint Memory Vulnerability
"Update Firmware" click POST /firmware/upload Memory Exhaustion (OOM)
"Save Config" button PUT /config/network Config Override
"Reboot Device" POST /system/reboot Stale Memory Reads
