ntury
NEOCLASSICREW
18 th Ce
Architecture
GEOGRAPHY ELEMENTS
PRIMARILY EUROPE: FRANCE, MATERIALS: STONE, MARBLE, BRICK
TECHNOLOGY: DOMES, VAULTS, DETAILED MASONRY
ITALY, ENGLAND, GERMANY STYLE: BAROQUE AND ROCOCO
ARCHITECTURE INFLUENCED BY CURVED FORMS
ROYALTY, COLONIAL EXPANSION ORNATE DECORATION
DRAMATIC USE OF LIGHT
RELIGION CHARACTERISTICS
STRONG RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE
HIGHLY DECORATIVE AND ELEGANT
GRAND CHURCHES AND EMPHASIS ON SYMMETRY
CATHEDRALS STILL DOMINANT USE OF CLASSICAL ORDERS AND LAVISH
INTERIORS
MEANT TO EXPRESS POWER, RELIGION,
AND WEALTH
NEOCLASSICREW
18th Century MODERN STRUCTURES INSPIRED BY 18TH CENTURY (NEO-BAROQUE)
OPERA GARNIER (FRANCE, 1875) –
NEO-BAROQUE REVIVAL
HISTORICAL STRUCTURES
SAN FRANCISCO CITY HALL (USA,
PALACE OF VERSAILLES 1915) – CLASSICAL DOME
(FRANCE) – BAROQUE GRANDEUR
ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL
(COMPLETED) (LONDON) – DOME VIENNA STATE OPERA (AUSTRIA,
AND CLASSICAL SYMMETRY 1869) – REVIVAL STYLE
ZWINGER PALACE (GERMANY) –
ROCOCO INFLUENCE VICTORIA MEMORIAL (INDIA, 1921) –
EUROPEAN CLASSICAL INFLUENCE
TREVI FOUNTAIN (ITALY) –
BAROQUE SCULPTURE AND
ARCHITECTURE BASILICA OF THE IMMACULATE
CONCEPTION (USA, 1920S–50S) –
BAROQUE FORMS
WÜRZBURG RESIDENCE (GERMANY)
– LAVISH INTERIORS, FRESCOES
ntury
NEOCLASSICREW
19 th Ce
Architecture
ELEMENTS
GEOGRAPHY
MATERIALS: IRON, STEEL, BRICK, GLASS
SPREAD TO AMERICAS AND ASIA TECHNOLOGY: CAST IRON, ELEVATORS,
THROUGH COLONIZATION PREFABRICATION
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STYLES: NEOCLASSICAL, GOTHIC REVIVAL,
INFLUENCES URBAN PLANNING BEAUX-ARTS, INDUSTRIAL
RELIGION CHARACTERISTICS
CONTINUED INFLUENCE BUT REVIVALISM (RE-USING OLD STYLES WITH NEW
BALANCED WITH SECULAR METHODS)
CIVIC BUILDINGS BLEND OF TRADITION AND INNOVATION
GOTHIC REVIVAL CHURCHES STRUCTURAL EXPERIMENTATION WITH IRON AND
GLASS
COMMON EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS, MUSEUMS,
TRAIN STATIONS
NEOCLASSICREW
19th Century
MODERN STRUCTURES INSPIRED BY 19TH CENTURY
MUSÉE D'ORSAY (FRANCE,
1900–RENOVATED) –
BEAUX-ARTS STYLE,
FORMER TRAIN STATION
HISTORICAL STRUCTURES
CRYSTAL PALACE (UK, 1851) – BROOKLYN BRIDGE (USA,
PREFABRICATED IRON AND GLASS 1883) – ENGINEERING
LANDMARK
EIFFEL TOWER (FRANCE, 1889) –
WROUGHT IRON ENGINEERING FEAT THE GREAT CONSERVATORY
(UK, 1840) – GLASS AND
IRON GREENHOUSE
HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT (UK) –
GOTHIC REVIVAL
HUNGARIAN PARLIAMENT
BUILDING (1896) – NEO-
GOTHIC
U.S. CAPITOL DOME (USA) –
NEOCLASSICAL
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
ROYAL PAVILION (UK) – EXOTIC (JEFFERSON BUILDING) –
REVIVALIST STYLE LAVISH NEOCLASSICISM
ntury
NEOCLASSICREW
20 th Ce
Architecture
ELEMENTS
GEOGRAPHY
MATERIALS: CONCRETE, STEEL, GLASS
GLOBAL SPREAD OF MODERNISM TECHNOLOGY: REINFORCED CONCRETE,
U.S., EUROPE, JAPAN, AND SKYSCRAPERS, CURTAIN WALLS
BRAZIL AS MAJOR CENTERS STYLES: MODERNISM, BRUTALISM,
BAUHAUS, INTERNATIONAL STYLE
RELIGION CHARACTERISTICS
DECREASE IN RELIGIOUS “FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION”
INFLUENCE MINIMALISM, LACK OF ORNAMENTATION
RISE IN SECULAR AND CIVIC HONESTY IN MATERIALS (EXPOSED CONCRETE,
ARCHITECTURE STEEL)
FOCUS ON MASS HOUSING, GOVERNMENT
BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS
NEOCLASSICREW
20th Century MODERNIST STRUCTURES
HABITAT 67 (CANADA) – MODULAR
CONCRETE HOUSING
HISTORICAL STRUCTURES
UN HEADQUARTERS (USA) –
VILLA SAVOYE (FRANCE, 1929) –
LE CORBUSIER, MODERNISM COLLABORATIVE MODERNIST ICON
FALLINGWATER (USA, 1939) –
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT TWA TERMINAL, JFK (USA, 1962)
– SCULPTURAL MODERN DESIGN
SEAGRAM BUILDING (USA, 1958) –
INTERNATIONAL STYLE
BRASÍLIA GOVERNMENT COMPLEX
(BRAZIL) – OSCAR NIEMEYER,
MODERNISM
SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE (AUSTRALIA,
1973) – EXPRESSIONIST MODERN
BARBICAN ESTATE (UK) –
BOSTON CITY HALL (USA, 1968) BRUTALIST URBAN COMPLEX
– BRUTALIST
ntury
NEOCLASSICREW
21 st Ce
Architecture
GEOGRAPHY ELEMENTS
GLOBAL INNOVATION HUBS (ASIA, MATERIALS: GLASS, COMPOSITES, RECYCLED MATERIALS
EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AMERICA) TECHNOLOGY: SMART SYSTEMS, 3D PRINTING, GREEN
ARCHITECTURE REFLECTS ROOFS, PARAMETRIC DESIGN
STYLES: SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE, HIGH-TECH,
SUSTAINABILITY, SMART TECH PARAMETRICISM, NEO-FUTURISM
RELIGION
CHARACTERISTICS
MINIMAL RELIGIOUS
FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
INFLUENCE (LEED, PASSIVE DESIGN)
EMPHASIS ON CULTURAL AND DYNAMIC, FLUID, AND EXPERIMENTAL FORMS
CIVIC SYMBOLISM ADAPTIVE REUSE OF OLDER STRUCTURES
RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE USING SENSORS
AND AUTOMATION
NEOCLASSICREW
SUSTAINABLE / TECH-FOCUSED
21st Century BOSCO VERTICALE (ITALY) –
VERTICAL FOREST TOWER
HISTORICAL STRUCTURES
COPENHILL (DENMARK) –
THE EDGE (NETHERLANDS, 2015) – WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT WITH
SMARTEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD A SKI SLOPE
BURJ KHALIFA (UAE, 2010) – THE CRYSTAL (UK) –
TALLEST BUILDING, NEO-FUTURISM SUSTAINABLE URBAN
ARCHITECTURE
BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM ONE CENTRAL PARK
(BIRD’S NEST) – 2008, (AUSTRALIA) – GREEN FAÇADE
EXPRESSIVE FORM
TOWER
APPLE PARK (USA, 2017) –
CIRCULAR SMART CAMPUS
AL BAHR TOWERS (UAE) –
RESPONSIVE FAÇADE WITH
ISLAMIC INFLUENCE
HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER
(AZERBAIJAN, 2012) –
PARAMETRIC DESIGN
