Virus Family/Gen Genome Envelope Target/Dise Transmissio Key Unique

us ase(s) n Features
Adenovirus Adenoviridae dsDNA, No Respiratory Respiratory Diverse
linear infections, droplets, serotypes,
conjunctivitis fecal-oral, can establish
, direct latency.
gastroenterit contact
is
Influenzavir Orthomyxovi ssRNA, Yes Influenza Respiratory Antigenic
us ridae segmented (flu) droplets drift and
shift (HA,
NA).
Replicates in
the nucleus.
Parainfluen Paramyxoviri ssRNA, Yes Croup, Respiratory HN or H and
zavirus dae non-segmen bronchiolitis, droplets, F proteins.
ted pneumonia, direct Causes
common contact syncytia
cold formation.
RSV Paramyxoviri ssRNA, Yes Bronchiolitis, Respiratory F and G
dae non-segmen pneumonia droplets, proteins.
(Pneumoviru ted (especially in direct Major cause
s) infants) contact of lower
respiratory
tract illness
in young
children.
SARS-CoV Coronavirida ssRNA, Yes Severe Acute Respiratory Spike (S)
e non-segmen Respiratory droplets, protein for
ted (+) Syndrome aerosols, entry. Large
(SARS), contact RNA
COVID-19 genome.
(related
coronaviruse
s)
Sin Nombre Bunyaviridae ssRNA, Yes Hantavirus Aerosolized Zoonotic
virus (Hantavirus) segmented Pulmonary rodent virus.
(-) Syndrome excreta Pulmonary
(HPS) edema
without
cardiac
 failure.
Rotavirus Reoviridae dsRNA, No Gastroenterit Fecal-oral Wheel-like
segmented is (major appearance.
cause in NSP4
young enterotoxin.
children)
Norwalk Caliciviridae ssRNA (+) No Viral Fecal-oral, Very
virus gastroenterit contaminate contagious.
is ("stomach d food/water, Causes
flu") aerosols outbreaks.
Now often
referred to
as Norovirus.
Astrovirus Astroviridae ssRNA (+) No Gastroenterit Fecal-oral Star-like
is (primarily appearance.
in young
children,
elderly, and
immunocom
promised)
Poliovirus Picornavirida ssRNA (+) No Poliomyelitis Fecal-oral, Enterovirus.
e (paralytic oral-oral Can cause
and destruction
non-paralyti of motor
c) neurons.
Dengue Flaviviridae ssRNA (+) Yes Dengue Mosquito Four
virus fever, bite (Aedes) serotypes,
Dengue reinfection
Hemorrhagic with
Fever, different
Dengue serotypes
Shock can lead to
Syndrome more severe
disease.
Rabies virus Rhabdovirida ssRNA (-) Yes Rabies Animal bite Bullet-shape
e (saliva) d virion.
Negri bodies
in neurons.
Nearly
always fatal
once
symptoms
 appear.
Marburg/Eb Filoviridae ssRNA (-) Yes Hemorrhagic Direct Filamentous
ola virus fevers contact with virions. High
(Marburg bodily fluids mortality
hemorrhagic of infected rates.
fever, Ebola individuals or
virus animals
disease)
Zika virus Flaviviridae ssRNA (+) Yes Zika fever, Mosquito Association
congenital bite (Aedes), with
Zika sexual microcephal
syndrome transmission, y and other
vertical congenital
transmission abnormalitie
s.
Chikunguny Togaviridae ssRNA (+) Yes Chikungunya Mosquito Characterize
a virus fever bite (Aedes) d by severe
joint pain
(arthralgia).
Japanese Flaviviridae ssRNA (+) Yes Japanese Mosquito Primarily
Encephalitis encephalitis bite (Culex) affects the
Virus central
nervous
system.
Important
cause of
encephalitis
in Asia.
Yellow Flaviviridae ssRNA (+) Yes Yellow fever Mosquito Jaundice
Fever Virus bite (Aedes) (yellowing of
skin and
eyes).
Vaccine
available.
Human Papillomaviri dsDNA, No Warts, Direct Many
Papillomavi dae circular cervical contact, serotypes,
rus (HPV) cancer, other sexual some are
cancers contact high-risk for
cancer
development
.
HIV Retroviridae ssRNA (+) Yes AIDS Bloodborne, Reverse
 (diploid) (Acquired sexual transcriptase
Immunodefic transmission, , integrates
iency vertical into host
Syndrome) transmission genome as a
provirus.
Targets
CD4+ T cells.
Human Various DNA or RNA +/- Various Depends on Viruses that
Cancer families cancers the specific have
Viruses (e.g., EBV -> virus oncogenic
Burkitt's (contact, potential,
lymphoma; bodily fluids, often
HHV-8 -> etc.) through
Kaposi's mechanisms
sarcoma) affecting cell
growth and
division.