ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL
BARRACKPORE
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT TOPIC: - EXTRACTION OF
ESSENTIAL OILS
AISSCE 2024-25
Name. : Rokibul
Islam Class : XII
Section : E
Roll No :
25
Board Roll
No:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A successful project can only be done through
the help of a true guide and at the right time.
A beautiful project is a result of hardwork and
true efforts directed towards the right way
with efficient and professional guidance. This
is to be certified that I ROKIBUL ISLAM of class
12 E of ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL BARRACKPORE
have solemly and exclusively done this
investigatory project project pursuing
essential and vital assistance from my
teacher and others. I would like to thank our
chemistry teacher Mr. DIBYENDU MITRA and
our lab Mr. DASRATH NAYAK whose critical
evaluation at every stage of this project has
helped its reach its present form. I would like
to thank Mrs. MOITREYEE MUKHERJEE who
gave me this golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project which also help me in doing
lot of researches and also made me aware
about so many new things.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ROKIBUL ISLAM of class
XII has successfully completed the research
on the project titled, under the guidance of
Mr. DIBYENDU MITRA (subject teacher
chemistry) during the year 2024-2025 in
fulfilment of the chemistry practical
examination conducted by AISSCE, New Delhi
Signature of external examiner Signature of internal
examiner
S Content Page No.
No
.
1. Introduction 5
2. Experiment 6
● Aim 6
6-7
● Lavender oil (Lavandula
angustifolia)
● Clove oil (Syzygium 8
aromaticum)
9
● Orange oil (Citrus
sinensis)
● Requirement 10
● Procedure 11
12
● Observation 13
● Conclusion
● Precautions
3. Evidence 14
4. Bibliography 15
INTRODUCTION
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic
liquid containing volatile aroma compounds
from plants. They are also known as volatile
oils or ethereal oils etc. Essential oils are made
up of highly volatile substances which can be
extracted from numerous plant species.
Distillation based recovery process or Soxhlet
apparatus can be used.
The essential oils get their odors from the
originated compounds contained in them and
these confer stability on the oil against
oxidation. The hydrocarbons are less stable
and they are responsible for the degradation
observed in the oils. The hydrocarbons
contained in the essential oils are often
removed so that the oils can be more stable
and still retain their odors and flavors.
EXPERIMENT
AIM
Extraction of essential oils present in Lavender
(Lavandula angustifolia), Clove (Syzygium
aromaticum), and Orange (Citrus sinensis).
Lavender Oil (Lavandula
angustifolia)
Botanical Name: Lavandula angustifolia
Common Method of Extraction: Steam
distillation
Color: Clear to pale yellow
Aromatic Description: Sweet, floral, herbaceous
scent with a hint of woody undertones
Constituents:
● Linalool
● Linalyl acetate
● Camphor
● 1,8-cineole
● Lavandulyl acetate
● Terpinen-4-ol
Uses of Lavender Oil:
1.Aromatherapy: Promotes relaxation, reduces
stress and anxiety, and aids in sleep.
2.Skincare: Helps with acne, eczema, and minor
burns due to its antiseptic and anti-
inflammatory properties.
3.Hair Care: Reduces dandruff and improves
scalp health.
4. Pain Relief: Alleviates headaches, muscle
pains, and sprains.
5.Insect Repellent: Repels mosquitoes and other
insects.
6.Calming Bath: Add a few drops to your
bathwater for a soothing and relaxing
experience, helping to unwind after a long day.
7.Stress Relief: Rub onto temples or pulse points
to alleviate stress and promote a sense of
tranquility.
8.Natural Air Freshener: Diffuse or spray
diluted lavender oil to freshen up the air and
create a peaceful ambiance at home.
9.Headache Relief: Inhale or massage onto
temples to ease tension headaches and
migraines.
10.Laundry Refresher: Add a few drops to the
final rinse cycle of your laundry to impart a fresh,
floral scent to your clothes.
Clove Oil (Syzygium
aromaticum)
Botanical Name: Syzygium aromaticum
Common Method of Extraction: Steam
distillation
Color: Pale yellow to golden brown
Aromatic Description: Warm, spicy, and woody
with a slight hint of sweetness
Constituents:
● Eugenol
● Eugenyl acetate
● Caryophyllene
Uses of Clove Oil:
1.Dental Care: Provides relief from toothache,
and mouth ulcers, and is used in dental care
products due to its analgesic and antiseptic
properties.
2.Antimicrobial: Effective against bacteria,
viruses, and fungi.
3.Pain Relief: Helps in relieving muscle pain,
joint pain, and arthritis.
4.Digestive Aid: Alleviates digestive issues such
as bloating and indigestion.
5.Respiratory Health: Helps in treating
respiratory conditions like cough and asthma.
Orange Oil (Citrus sinensis)
Botanical Name: Citrus sinensis
Common Method of Extraction: Steam
distillation or cold-press extraction (most common)
Color: Yellow to orange
Aromatic Description: Sweet, fresh, and citrusy
scent
Constituents:
● Limonene
● Myrcene
● Alpha-pinene
● Linalool
Uses of Orange Oil:
1.Aromatherapy: Uplifts mood, reduces stress,
and promotes relaxation.
2.Cleaning: Natural disinfectant and degreaser
for household cleaning.
3.Skincare: Helps in reducing acne, brightening
skin, and acts as an anti-inflammatory.
4. Digestive Aid: Relieves constipation, bloating,
and indigestion.
5.Immune Support: Contains antioxidants that
help boost the immune system.
PROCEDURES
● Preparation of Material:
● Collect fresh samples of Lavender flowers, Clove buds,
and Orange peels.
● Ensure the samples are clean and free from dirt or
pesticides.
● Steam Distillation Setup:
● Set up the steam distillation apparatus.
● Add water to the distillation flask and heat it to
generate steam.
● Place the plant material in the distillation chamber.
● Distillation Process:
● As the water boils, steam will pass through the plant
material, carrying the essential oils with it.
● The steam and essential oils will condense in the
condenser and collect in a receiver.
● Separate the essential oil from the hydrosol (the water
byproduct).
● Collection of Essential Oils:
● Carefully collect the essential oils using a pipette or a
separating funnel.
● Store the oils in dark glass bottles to prevent
degradation by light.
OBSERVATION
● Lavender Oil:
● The distillation process produces a clear
to pale yellow oil with a sweet, floral, and
herbaceous aroma.
● Yield is moderate, and the oil has a
soothing scent.
● Clove Oil:
● The distillation produces a pale yellow to
golden brown oil with a warm, spicy, and
woody aroma.
● Yield is high, and the oil has a strong,
pungent scent.
● Orange Oil:
● The distillation (or cold press extraction)
produces a yellow to orange oil with a
sweet, fresh, and citrusy aroma.
● Yield is high, and the oil has a refreshing
scent.
CONCLUSION
The extraction of essential oils through steam
distillation is an effective and widely used
method to obtain pure and concentrated oils from
plants. This process allows the volatile
compounds of Lavender, Clove, and Orange to be
captured efficiently, resulting in high-quality
essential oils. Each essential oil demonstrates
unique properties: Lavender oil is highly valued
for its calming and skincare benefits, Clove oil is
renowned for its analgesic and antimicrobial
properties, and Orange oil is appreciated for its
uplifting aroma and cleaning abilities. The
successful extraction and analysis of these oils
highlight the importance of understanding plant
chemistry and the practical applications of
essential oils in aromatherapy, medicine, and
daily life, underscoring their significant role in
various industries.
PRECAUTION
● Safety Gear: Always wear safety goggles,
gloves, and a lab coat to protect yourself
from hot steam and potential splashes.
● Ventilation: Ensure the laboratory is well-
ventilated to avoid inhaling concentrated
vapors.
● Handling Essential Oils: Essential oils
are highly concentrated and can cause skin
irritation. Handle with care and avoid direct
skin contact.
● Heat Source: Use a controlled heat source
to prevent overheating and ensure a steady
flow of steam.
● Storage: Store essential oils in dark glass
bottles away from direct sunlight to maintain
their potency and shelf life.
EVIDENCE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/
lavender-oil.asp
2.https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/
clove-oil.asp
3.https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/
orange-oil.asp
4.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/
ffj.1965
