CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “Swastik
Dewangan” student of class - 12th
"Maths" 'A' has successfully completed
their Chemistry Assignment on topic
“extraction of essential oils from
clove,cinamon,cardamon,aniseed,rose,s
andalwood,peppermint” under the
guidance of :-
“Mrs. Mini Samuel”
signature
Acknowledgement
Primarily I would thank God for being able to
complete this project with success. Then I would
like to thank my chemistry teacher Mrs.Mini Samuel
whose valuable guidance has been the ones that
helped me patch this project and make it full proof
success. Then I would like to thank friends who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions &
guidance has been helpful in various phases of the
completion of the project
Introduction
Essential oils are volatile aromatic
compounds obtained from plants. These oils
capture the "essence" of a plant—its
fragrance and therapeutic properties. They
are widely used in perfumes, food
flavorings, cosmetics, and Ayurvedic
medicine.
Common essential oil sources include spices
(clove, cinnamon, cardamom, aniseed) and
aromatic plants (rose, sandalwood,pepper-
mint
AIM:
To extract essential oils from natural
sources using steam distillation and
solvent extraction methods.
PRINCIPLE:
Essential oils can be extracted using:
1. Steam Distillation – Steam passes
through plant material,vaporizing
the volatile oils which are later
condensed and collected.
2. Solvent Extraction – A non-polar
organic solvent (like ether)
dissolves the essential oils, which
are later recovered by evaporation.
Materials
REQUIRED:
Clove buds, cinnamon bark, cardamom
pods, aniseed, rose petals, sandalwood
chips, peppermint leaves
Distillation flask and condenser
Water bath or heating mantle
Beaker, test tubes
Ether or hexane (for solvent extraction)
Filter paper
Ice bath
Cotton, thread
Mortar and pestle
Procedure:
A. Steam Distillation (for Clove, Cardamom,
Cinnamon, Aniseed, Peppermint)
i. Crush the plant material to
increase surface area.
ii. Place in the distillation flask with
water.
iii. Heat gently; allow steam to carry
volatile oils.
iv. Collect distillate in condenser
beaker.
v. Extract oil from distillate using
ether and separate using a
separating funnel.
vi. Evaporate ether to obtain pure
essential oil.
B. Solvent Extraction (for Rose, Sandalwood)
i. Soak rose petals/sandalwood in ether
in a closed container.
ii. Let it sit for 24–48 hours.
iii. Filter the mixture and evaporate ether
using a water bath.
iv. Collect the oil left behind.
Observations
Sample Method Yield Aroma Color
Used (ml/100g) Strength
Clove Steam 2.5 Strong Yellow
distillation -brown
Cinnamon Steam 1.8 Spicy Light
distillation aroma brown
Cardamom Steam 1.2 Mild Pale
distillation sweet yellow
Aniseed Steam 1.5 Licorice- Clear
distillation like
Rose Solvent 0.8 Floral Light
extraction pink
Sandal- Solvent 1.1 Woody
wood extraction Yellow
aroma
Pepper- Steam 2.0 Woody Light
mint distillation aroma green
Result
Clove and peppermint gave the highest
yields among tested samples using
steam distillation.
Solvent extraction is more suitable for
delicate flowers like rose and woods
like sandalwood.
Aroma strength depends on both
compound concentration and volatility.
Conclusion:
Different plant materials require different
extraction methods. Steam distillation is ideal
for heat-stable volatile oils, while solvent
extraction works better for delicate and
resinous materials
Applications of
Extracted Essential
Oils
Oil Common Uses
Clove Dental pain relief,
antiseptic,
aromatherapy
Cinnamon Spices, perfumes,
antimicrobial uses
Cardamom Flavoring, digestive
aid
Aniseed Cough syrup,
digestive oils, mouth
fresheners
Rose Perfumes, cosmetics,
mood enhancer
Sandalwood Incense, skincare,
meditation oils
Peppermint Cough/cold relief,
toothpaste,
aromatherapy
Precautions
Handle solvents like ether with care
(flammable and volatile).
Do not overheat the mixture to prevent
degradation of oil.
Work in a ventilated area or under a
fume hood.
Avoid water contamination in solvent
extraction.
Ensure glassware is clean and dry before
use.
Index
Serial Topic Page
No. No.
1. Certificate 01
2. Acknowledgement 02
3. INTRODUCTION 03
4. aim 04
5. Principle 04
6. Material Required 05
7. Procedure 06-07
8. Observation 08
9. conclusion 09
10 APPLICATION 10
11. Precaution 11
