1.
When quantifying the value of a clinical pharmacy service, your goal is to
express the outcome outweighing the cost associated in a dollar value. Which
economic evaluation method would you employ?
A. Cost Effective Analysis
B. Cost Utility Analysis
C. Cost Minimization Analysis
D. Cost Benefit Analysis
Answer: D. Cost Benefit Analysis
2. The economic evaluation method known as cost-effectiveness analysis would
be best applied in which of the following cases?
A. When comparing two or more treatment alternatives that differ in humanistic outcome
B. When comparing two or more treatment alternatives that are equal in clinical outcome
C. When comparing two or more treatment alternatives that differ in cost and clinical outcome
D. When comparing two or more treatment alternatives that differ only in cost
Answer: C. When comparing two or more treatment alternatives that differ in cost and
clinical outcome
3. Which one of the following is a positive intermediate consequence for
myocardial infarction?
A. Increase in abnormal liver profile
B. Decrease in LDL
C. Decrease in abnormal renal profile
D. Increase in LDL
Answer: B. Decrease in LDL
4. In Health utility instrument, EQ-5D, which of the following is not among the 5
dimensions?
A. Mobility
B. Discomfort
C. Economic status
D. Depression
Answer: C. Economic status
5. If a new treatment increases life expectancy by 3 years and quality of life is
decreased by 30%, what would be the net gain of QALY?
A. 1.2 QALYs
B. 2.5 QALYs
C. 2.1 QALYs
D. 1.5 QALYs
Answer: C. 2.1 QALYs
6. Which one of the following statements is true regarding the perspective (point
of view) of a pharmacoeconomic analysis?
A. Costs and consequences should be identified and measured relative to the perspective(s)
selected.
B. Cannot select multiple perspectives
C. Provider’s perspective is benefited for patient
D. Societal perspective is the only relevant and valid perspective for pharmacoeconomic
analysis.
Answer: A. Costs and consequences should be identified and measured relative to the
perspective(s) selected.
7. Which one of the following best represents a direct medical cost?
A. Transportation
B. Mortality and morbidity
C. Pain
D. Drugs
Answer: D. Drugs
8. Which one of the following should be true for appropriate use of cost-
minimization analysis?
A. No need of any medical evidence to conduct analysis
B. Costs must include measures of lost productivity
C. Outcomes must be adjusted for quality of life
D. Consequences for each alternative must be equivalent
Answer: D. Consequences for each alternative must be equivalent
9. Which of the following costs are of interest from provider’s perspective?
I. Lost wages of patient
II. Transportation
III. Laboratory test of patient
IV. Health care professionals fee
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. III & IV
D. I, II, III & IV
Answer: C. III & IV
10. According to the ECHO model, clinical outcomes include
A. Patient satisfaction
B. Mortality and adverse events
C. Health related quality of life
D. Cost of drug
Answer: B. Mortality and adverse events
11. Lost productivity is a type of __________ cost.
A. Direct nonmedical
B. Indirect
C. Intangible
D. Direct medical
Answer: B. Indirect
12. Pharmacoeconomics is:
A. The study of the part of the U.S. economy devoted to drug use
B. The study of the impact of prescription drug costs on the overall economy
C. The analysis of the costs and consequences of any health care-related treatment or service
D. The analysis of the clinical efficacy of the drug
Answer: C. The analysis of the costs and consequences of any health care-related treatment
or service
13. Which one of the analysis can be performed when the consequences are
parameters to measure drug effects?
A. CMA
B. CBA
C. CEA
D. CUA
Answer: C. CEA
14. An economic tool in which the intervention consequences are measured in
terms of quantity and quality of life (QALY):
A. CMA
B. CBA
C. CEA
D. CUA
Answer: D. CUA
15. The value of the best-forgone option or the next best option, not necessarily
the amount of money that change hands.
A. Indirect cost
B. Intangible cost
C. Direct medical cost
D. Opportunity cost
Answer: D. Opportunity cost
16. The direct costs of drug therapy include:
A. The actual cost of acquiring the medication
B. The loss of income due to illness
C. Pain and suffering due to inadequate drug therapy
D. The cost of a funeral associated with premature death
Answer: A. The actual cost of acquiring the medication
17. CBA more than 1 means
A. Benefit = input cost
B. Benefit > input cost
C. Benefit < input cost
D. None of them
Answer: B. Benefit > input cost
18. Which of the following analysis is used when the 2 different therapy has
similar therapeutic outcome but differ in the delayed side effects after the
treatment?
A. CMA
B. CBA
C. CUA
D. CEA
Answer: D. CEA
19. An analysis is performed on the economic benefit of a pharmacist-led
smoking cessation clinic. Data is extrapolated for the next 12 months. It should
be adjusted/discounted.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Answer: B. FALSE
