CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Clearance is a status granted individuals, typically members of Military, University graduates

and Employees of Government and their contractors, allowing them access to classified

information, a clearance by itself is normally not sufficient to gain access. The organization

must determine that the clearance individual has a “need to know” the information. Clearance

is the process of determining and negotiating any permission that are needed to include use of

someone else’s intellectual property in creative project. Part of that process include

Determining the owner(s) of the intellectual property.

Contacting the owners and negotiating on agreement.

Handling other issue related to the use and licensing of intellectual property. No one is

supposed to be granted access to classified information solely because of rank of position, but

once a clearance is obtained access to certain information or gain of freedom will be granted.

The advantage of e-learning are many, as people of all ages and backgrounds become

increasingly reliant on the internet for information, online learning become more convenient

and efficient here, the need for an online clearance system. The skills needed to access and

comprehend information online are becoming common place, and the flexibility of wireless

computing means that any coffee shop, airport or bedroom can become a classroom online

courses, registration, clearance have few, if any scheduling restrictions, well-integrated

learning resources and competitive degree option, with an online clearance system. The

changing online college landscape now includes online clearance system, traditional

undergraduate and general studies programs. However career learning is still the most

popular online training option (Enwere J.C. (2016).

1
Heritage Polytechnic, Eket Akwa Ibom, is a private Polytechnic university approved by the

Federal Government of Nigeria on Dec. 16 2004. It was officially opened on Jan. 21 2005 by

the Federal Ministry of Education, Pro. Fabian Osuji. It is the second catholic university

founded by Rev. Fr. Prof. EMP Edeh Cssp. The school is managed by the congregation of

sisters of Jesus the savior, a religious congregation of nuns founded by him. The school

operates the faculty system and presently has four faculties: Natural Sciences, Engineering,

Environmental Sciences, Management and Social Sciences.

In polytechnic like Heritage, there is need for automated method of keeping data, more so a

greater need for an online clearance system. This would a long way in alleviating the various

problems and stress involved in the manual method of clearance. Moreover, the issue of

delayed youth service as a result of mobility to complete the tedious manual process of

clearance would be curtailed (Anigbogu G. (2016).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The process of clearing students of a named institution Heritage Polytechnic after graduation

requires that the students must be cleared in their various departments and information units.

Among which are:

Bursary Clearance

Library clearance

Departmental clearance

Registrar clearance

Furthermore, for a graduating student to carry out his/her clearance from all these

departments it normally takes a lot of time and a lot of processes and delay in clearing the

student for youth service as well as collection of statement of results. Hence, it became

imperative for computer software based online clearance system to eliminate the shortcoming

of the manual system in place.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of this computer software based online clearance system for the graduating

student includes the following:

i. To effectively and efficiently process students clearance.

ii. To provide a reliable and transparent system devoid of personal inclination and

interest.

iii. To provide borderless access.

iv. To ensure prompt clearance.

v. To alleviate the problems and stress of travelling and queuing up of student during

clearance.

1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The project work will help in a good number of ways to ease the queuing system in the

university as the online clearance system will help student to achieve whatever they want to

achieve without coming to the various offices for clearance.

Clear advantages of internet information processing over those of traditional manual system

are higher yields. Online clearance system allows the users to check their clearance status as

whether they are in any way indebted to the school, fill and submit their clearance form, and

obtain their clearance letter. There are many other advantages of online clearance system and

some of them are listed below

It save a lot of time.

It is very convenient to use it right from the bedroom, office or anywhere in the world.

Information processing is very fast and delays can be avoided.

It is inexpensive to student and school management.

It is also help the school in reducing cost such as labor and stationary.

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1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project work is to develop a computer software based online clearance system for doing

clearance for graduating students of Heritage Polytechnic Students . The software development

will be carried out using JOOMLA Ms Access to manage both the database and at the same time

make the software online.

1.6 LIMITATIONS

This project covers some of the aspect of a computer software based online clearance system

using Heritage Polytechnic as a case study.

However the following are the constraints:

TIME CONSTRAINTS: Due to time constrain the web-page covers only clearance for

various departments by the graduating student.

FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS: Due financial constraints people cannot afford this kind of

process online especially towards the cost of accessing the internet. Therefore, it would cost a

lot to develop a full web-based clearance system.

Some documents were considered confidential and were not made available.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Computer Network: Computer network is a system that connects two or more computers

together using a communication link.

World Wide Web: World Wide Web simply called “www” is the most important tool of the

internet, it was created in the late 1980’s in Europe and was limitedly use in academics cycle.

Clearances: official certification of blamelessness trustworthiness or suitability for

graduation and issue of certificate in degree course.

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File Transfer: Any kind of computer file can be sent via the internet from one internet user

to another. Table of account in a spreadsheet, design by a graphic artist, music and sound

files etc can all be exchanged in this way.

Web Browser: this is special kind of software that processes hypertext mark-up language

(HTML) document. In other words, a web browser is a computer program that interprets

HTML command to collect, arranged and display the parts of a web page.

Web Site: A web site is a collection of many interconnected web page organized by a

specific college, organization company etc, containing web page (goods and commodities) on

the internet. Web site is stored on web servers. There are many web sites and thousand of

HTML pages on each web site. A web is a treasure of information and entertainment.

Hyperlinks: Hyperlinks are highlighted words and phrase you find on a web document that

you can click on as to jump to some other document or internet services.

Online: connected via a computer attached to or available via a central computer network

Offline: Disconnected from computer network, describe a computer terminal or peripheral

devices disconnected from a computer network.

System: Set of computer components that is, an assembling of hardware, software and

peripheral functioning together.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE ACADEMIC SYSTEM

The introduction of computer into information technology has massively improved the

information need of organization; the success of this machine is dependent on the knowledge

base. Therefore, one can be prompted to ask aloud “what is a computer” Funk (2015) defined

a computer as an electronic device that can perform automatically at a high speed of a

sequence of logical operations according to instructions giving to it inform of pre-arranged

program.

Anigbogu (2016) define a computer as an electronic device capable of accepting data and

instruction; process the data base on the instruction to generate result or output in such a

manner that is yet to be equaled by any other known machine to mankind.

Chimezie (2017) define computer by saying that computers are looked upon as obedient

servants who are ever ready to free man from tedious procedures and produce result as

compared with human computing time.

Obilikwu (2015) define a computer as a machine that is capable of accepting input data, store

and process the data base on the instructions giving by the computer users and in this way

produce expected result, generally called output.

World net describes an information system (I.S) as systems consisting of all communication

channels used within an organization and include software and hardware. It may also be

define as a system that collect and process data (information) and provide it to manager of all

levels that use it for decision making, planning, program implementation and control.

The aim of information system to admission, registration, result processing and clearance in

universities using computer software based online clearance system is to improve the quality

and accuracy of information provided to all involved as well as assisting universities in

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compiling and reporting information, making work lesser for the management. Information

technology has been an integral part of academic system since almost four decades.

According to Hewlet (2017) the world is entering an era in which technology will literally

transform every aspect of business, every aspect of life and every aspect of society.

Since the arrival of internet technology, school system has taken a new shape style with a

blend of convenience and satisfaction.

Taylor (2014) says that computer base education includes both computer-assisted instruction

programs that interact with students in a dialogue and a broader array of educational

computer applications such as simulations or instructions in computer programming.

Learning from a student bedroom, office or anywhere in the world has made its way into

university system with the advent of internet technology. Information technology has always

helped the university system to educate student in better way. To explain few examples.

Student online clearance is a method where the student obtains his/her clearance letter

without carrying files around. This is safe, fast and has no hazels. Filling out the documents

and comparing options and writing for approval is a time consuming process. Through the

internet, this process is made much easier and sometimes the approval is made within

minutes. This explains an efficient way of obtaining clearance and saves time and money for

students.

2.3 DATA AND INFORMATION

The concept of data and information are very important in understanding issues that go with

development and implementation of a computer software based online clearance system. The

term “data” and “information” are used interchangeably every day conversation as meaning

the same thing. Too many manager and information specialist. However, these terms have

distinct meaning.

7
According to O’Leary (2016) data simply consist of raw unprocessed facts while information

is a data that have been processed by the computer. Hordeski (2016) gives the following

definition of data; A graphic or textual representation of facts concepts, numbers, letters,

symbols or instructions suitable for communication, interpretation or processing. Data is the

basic element of information that is use to described objects, ideas, conditions or situations.

Lucy (2018) defines data and information as Data is fact events, transactions and so on,

which have been recorded. They are the raw materials from which information is produced.

Information is data that has been produced in such a way as to be useful to the recipient. Data

are fact obtained by observation, counting, measuring, weighing etc, which are often records

of day-to-day transactions of the organization. For example, the date, amount, and other

details of an invoice or cheque, payroll details of payment, the number of a student living in a

particular hostel and so on.

Enwerem (2017) argue that concept of information in an organization sense is more complex

and difficult than the frequent use of this common word would suggest. Oketunji (2012)

emphasized that information is data that have been processed, transmitted by the recipient,

interpreted and understood by the recipient. Here it should be noted that the user, not just the

sender is involved in the transformation of data into information. There is a process of though

and understanding involved and if follows that a given message can have different meaning

to different people. Based on this, one can conclude that data which has been analyzed,

summarized or processed in some other fashion to produce a message or report which is

conveniently deemed “management information” only becomes information if it is

understood by the recipient. Therefore it the user who determine whether a report contains

information or just processed data.

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2.4 TECHNOLOGY ENHANCE COMPUTER SOFTWARE BASED ONLINE

CLEARANCE SYSTEM

According to Jeremy V (2016), a comparison of traditional and hybrid online system in

communication technology. Online system has become a central element of the discourse on

higher education (Cox 2015). There seems to be an overall derive towards online system

given the mountain need for flexibility in scheduling and the daily emergency of

communication technology and capabilities (Hill stock 2015).

Online system is presented as a means of conveying instruction to an extensive learning

community any place at any time Cox (2015). Indicate that adequate designate online

learning as the driving force and model for transformation in teaching, learning and formal

schooling online course has the potential to provide learner individualized attention by the

instructor, otherwise impossible in a large classroom environment (environmental education

and training partnership 2016).

With the continue development of online system applications, many colleges and universities

has began to offer online courses as an alternative to traditional face-to-face instructions. 67%

of colleges and universities agreed that online education is the most logical long term

strategies for their institutions (Hill Stock, 2015). However, there are considerable hesitation

rising predominantly related quality and student respectively to online system, (Yong and

Conellus, 2017). Just as their advantages there are also disadvantages to the online system

instruction delivery method. There is evidence through previous research that student fill

isolated or disconnected when not engaged in traditional face-to-face instruction (Guhu,

2016), while other report indicate large success (Hoffman & Kaczynski, 2017). There

remains a lack of clarity whether online courses are as affective as traditional courses (Peirier

and Feldman, 2018).

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While there has been vast amount of research conducted on the advantages and the

disadvantages of online system institution, little is known on how assessment is used in

online classroom to monitor performance and progress (Liang and Jeremy @ NCSU.edu) is

an assistant professor in the department of mathematics science and technology education at

North Carolina state university Ralugh.

Journal of technology education volume 19 No.2 spring 2008 (Creasy, 2018). Hew, Liu,

Martinez. Bonk, and Lee (2017) describe the evaluation of current online education system at

three levels; the macro level, the meso level and micro level. The macro level is an online

evaluation that access an entire online program, the meso level evaluation access individual

online courses, and the micro level access the learning of the online student.

Online clearance system present educational experience very different from standard face-to-

face environment (Hew, Liu, Martinez, Bonk and Lee, 2016). When conducting a micro level

courses evaluation, interest commonly lies in learner perception of the course experience

pertaining to the level of comfort, ability to communicate with class mate and the instructor,

as well as comparison to traditional face-to-face lecture. Many times the only means of

evaluating learner perception is in the form of a questionnaire or survey. Although perception

of online system can be extremely useful information, it is usually not sufficient to conclude

the evaluation without expanding to learners understanding.

2.5 COMPUTER-BASED ONLINE INFORMATION SYSTEM

An information specialist Lucey (2018) define computer based management information

system as: the combination of human and computer based resource that result in the

collection, storage, retrieval, communication and use of data for the purpose of efficient

management of operations and for business planning.

Computer based information system is a feature of all large organization nowadays. The

literature identifies four kinds of computer based information: Transaction processing system

10
(TPS), management information system (MIS), decision support system (DSS) and executive

support system (ESS). Some system record routine activities: Employees hired, material

purchased or produced and the like. Such recorded events are called transactions. Other

system uses this recorded event to help managerial planning and control. The systems form a

pyramid each primarily supporting one another level of management.

a. Transaction processing system (TPS): these system record day-to-day transactions

such as customer order, bills, inventory levels and production output. The TPS helps

supervisors by generating data base that act as foundation for other information system.

b. Management information system (MIS). These summarize the detailed data of the

transaction processing system standard report for middle level managers. Such report might

include production schedules and budget summarizes.

c. Decision support system (DSS); The DSS provide the flexible tools for analyzes. The

DSS help middle level managers and other in the organization analyze a wide range of

problem, such as effect of event and trend outside the organization. Like the MIS, the DSS

draws on the detailed data of transaction processing system.

d. Executive support system (ESS): The ESS is easy-to-use systems that present

information in a very highly summarized form. It helps top level management to oversee the

company operation and develop strategic plans. The ESS combines internal data from TPS

and MIS with external data.

2.6 DATA BASES

In the early days of computerization, it was normal to maintain specific files for individual

application. Data where processes centrally in batches and there was little or no online

interrogation of data. This approach is wholly inefficient for most of today’s data processing

systems. Supporting this Vossen (2017) enumerated the problems that result from organizing

the data using the file system.

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a. There exist a high redundancy between files which result from the fact that the

information is replicated in different places, and that these replications are not controlled by a

central monitor

b. Inconsistencies might result from the possibilities that a program makes changes on

the files it uses without these changes being made (at the same time) by all other programs

that uses the files.

c. There exist in flexibility against changes in the application: if new actions or event

arise in the cause of time, these can be realize at a substantial expense of time.

d. The work of many programmers involved is characterize by low productivity, seems

program maintenance is expensive: if the structure of an existing file has to be modify during

it life time, then all application program has to be modify correspondently

e. Finally, there is the problem of adopting and maintaining standard (with respect to

coding data format etc), which is important for exchanging data or for migration to new

operating system released, or even to a new computer system.

To overcome these problems, data bases where developed. It is now common for large

organization to organize their operational data using the data base technology.

The subject of data is adequately covered in many works in data base technology. Clifton

(2015) briefly define data base as a collection of data supporting the operation of an

organization. Quoting CIMA, Lucey (2016) provide a more detailed definition.

A data base is a file of data structured in such a way that it may serve a number of application

without it structure being dictated by any one of those application, the concept being that

programs are written round the data base rather than files being structure to meet the need of

particular programs.

Russel M. (2016) dealt extensively on the need for the use of computer on such data base

system like computerized clearance system. In the world of Dimorji (2018).

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“At the center of any information system is a data base, which is any collection of related

information grouped together as a simple item. The term can also apply to the ways in which

information is catalogued, analyzed, stored and used manually”.

Rossell (2015) was also of the view that without computer, effective handling of candidate

record cannot be achieved effectively in a data base, all the data is defined together rather

than each file being define separately. In fact, all the literature consulted seem to support the

fact that a data base is a collection of structured data with the structure of data being

independent of any particular application. Specify the need for data base, O’leary (2016)

listed the following advantages:

a. Sharing: in an organization, information from one department can be readily shared

with others.

b. Security: users are giving password or access only to the kind information they need

to know. Thus, the payroll department may have access to employees pay rate but they would

not.

c. Fewer files: with several departments having access to one files, there are fewer files

therefore, excess storage or what is called redundancy is reduced.

d. Data Integrity: older filing system many times did not have integrity i.e. a change

made in the file in one department might not be made in the file in another department. As

one might expect, these can cause serious problems and conflict when data is used for

important decision affecting but department.

To advantages enumerated above, vossen (2015) at abbs.

a. Standard/access protocols can be enforced.

b. Currency of data can be maintained.

c. Data/program independent can be maintained.

d. Conflicting requirement can be balanced among users.

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In these days of integrated networks, the database appeared as the most logical method for

organizing the operational data of large organizations. One may as well say that these

advantages give the database the attraction over the traditional file processing method.

2.7 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY USED IN ONLINE CLEARANCE

SYSTEM

Several communicational tools are at the disposal of students and staffs to support their

activities during the clearance. The partner universities offer two virtual communication tools

with different capabilities (marratech and central). It is also available online and the

communication management systems (OCMS) and in dependent discussion forum.

Marratech

Marratech is a virtual online tool that allows holding meeting and video conferencing on the

web, face-to-face, whenever you want to talk, see each other and share application and

document without being in the same room, the same building, or even the same country. This

platform is used in several systems like in the energy online master program for online

lectures, project meetings and project presentation.

Central

Central enables group to work faster and more effectively by automating critical clearance

system and training initiatives online through virtual classroom, online meeting and web

conferences. Central has a broad array of features that make live, group-oriented system

effective on the web. Interactive white board, yes/no feedback, had-raising, multi-point

conferencing, advanced application shearing and text and fool-duplex chart examples, in the

energy online master program for online lectures, project meetings and project presentation.

Communication management tools are available at each university and also in an online

clearance system homepage.

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 GENERAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

When a student is about to graduate, he/she will take his/her degree exam after which he

obtain clearance letter from various departments and unions. The registrar office carefully

reviews each degree candidate academic records and certificate to faculty that the candidate

has completed his requirement for the degree. Also the bursary has to certify that the student

has completed all payment.

The current clearance system of the university is a manual one. These make the system

tedious and time consuming. Here, student has to visit all the clearance offices with a form

for them to sign, once this forms are sign, it prove that the student has been cleared, the

process take some months to be completed and processes a lot of stress to both staffs and the

student involved. In the manual system, the clearance forms are documented in a file cabinet.

Each time the clearance form is needed, a search operation is conducted on the file cabinet to

locate a particular student clearance form.

3.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

During this project research work, data needed for the project was gathered from the various

sources. In gathering and collecting necessary data and information needed from the system

analyses, two major fact-finding techniques were used in this work and there are:

a. Primary Source

This refers to the source of collecting original data in which the researcher made use of

empirical approach such as personal interview and questionnaires.

15
b. Secondary Source

The secondary data were obtained by the researcher from magazine, journal, newspaper,

library source and internet downloads. The data collected from this means have been covered

in literature review in the chapter two.

3.2.1 Oral interview

This was done between the researcher and the staff of the heritage polytechnic. Also various

departmental heads were interviewed reliable facts were got based on the questions posed to

the staffs by the researcher.

3.2.2 Study of Manual

Manuals and report based on clearance were studied and a lot of information concerning the

system in question was obtained. The clearance forms were gathered and information relating

to clearance fee and other requirement were also obtained.

3.2.3 Evaluation of Forum

Some forums that are necessary and available were accessed. These included clearance form,

fee receipt, registration forms etc. this forms help in the design of the new system.

3.4 PROBLEM OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM

Due to the manual means been used by the university, keeping information about student

clearance, a lot problems are encountered which includes:

a. Delay in processing clearance form

b. Unavailability of some key staffs while processing clearance form, which leads

student repeatedly visiting a particular office in other to sign his/her clearance form.

16
c. Lose of vital document as the filing system is manual.

d. Damage of document due to fire or rain incident.

e. Illegal removal of forms by fraudulent staff leading to insecurity.

f. Take a lot of time to retrieve a particular clearance form.

3.5 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE NEW SYSTEM

The new system is designed to solve problem affecting the manual system in use. It is design

to be used online thereby relieving both student and staff from much stress as experienced

from the manual system.

This will do the analyzing and storing of information either automatically or interactively, it

will make use of online access to internet. The proposed system will also have some other

features like.

Accuracy in handling of data

Fast rate of operation and excellent response time.

Flexibility (i.e.) it can be accessed at any time

Easy way of back up or duplicating data in diskette in case of data loss.

Better storage and faster retrieval system.

Accessibility from any part of the world.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 DESIGN STANDARDS

This new system is structured to work with the standard software development procedure. In

order to achieve effective online clearance system, Structured System Analysis and Design

Methodology (SSADM) were used. This is because SSADM is an internationally accepted

software engineering model mainly used in most result oriented analysis and design.

4.2 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

The sequence of the report is one of the important features that should be concluded. This is

emphasized because it forms the basis of the school effective well document up-to-date and

formatted output to help as a tool in planning and decision making/based on the student

clearance form.

There method of generating reports in the new package.

Hardcopy- This is a process of printing from the printer to paper, and

Softcopy- It is the process of displaying an output on the computer screen

The reports generated by the system include;

Student clearance status

Student clearance certificate

4.3 INPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

It is also necessary to denote that data inputted in the computer for processing determines

what the output will be. Screen designs are generally or basically made for data entry or

capture. Since data are captured from a hardcopy form, the sequence of data capture should

be identical to the hardcopy form made for data collection.

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The new system is composing mainly of two forms of input form, they are:-

a. Student Registration Form

b. Clearance Form

4.4 FILE DESIGN

The file used in the design is stored in a database file. The database is created using Microsoft

Access database. The database structure is as follows.

4.4.1 STUDENT REGISTER DATABASE STRUCTURE

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD SIZE

Surname VARCHAR 20

First name VARCHAR 20

Other names VARCHAR 50

Reg No VARCHAR 30

State of Origin VARCHAR 20

Nationality VARCHAR 30

Gender VARCHAR 10

Level Integer 20

Birth date Date/Time 8

Dept VARCHAR 50

Year VARCHAR 10

Duration Integer 2

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Table 4.1 student registration database structure

REGISTRATION PAGE

20
4.4.2 STUDENT CLEARANCE DATABASE STRUCTURE

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD SIZE

Surname Text 20

First name Text 20

Reg No Text 30

Library Single 4

Male Dean Single 4

Security Single 4

Department Single 4

Exams and Records Single 4

Date Date/Time 8

Receipt Text 20

Remark Text 30

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Table 4.2

4.5 PROCEDURE

i. Main Menu

ii. About Us---> About School--->About Clearance

iii. Clearance--->Registration

iv. Report--->Generate Form--->Student Record

v. Exit

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This procedure shows the steps/procedure to follow in processing the online student clearance

system. From the Main Menu, you will see About Us, Clearance, Report and then Exit. Now

under About Menu you see everything about Caritas University i.e. what the school is made

of, their mission and vision, then under the Clearance menu, you see registration; this is

where you type in your data (i.e. everything about yourself, including department level etc.

finally, under Report menu, the report will now show whether you have completed the

clearance, if YES you generate a card/form that shows that you have cleared but if NO, you

cannot generate any card because you have not been cleared. Then, the student report will

now show the cleared and uncleared student, after that you can now quit/exit.

4.6 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

The requirement needed to implement this system is as follows:

4.6.1 Hardware Requirement

For the effective operation of the newly designed system, the following minimum hardware

specifications are recommended.

a. The computer system in use should be IBM compatible since they are considered

clone system.

b. The Random Access Memory (RAM) should be at least 128KB.

c. The system should have a hard disk of at least 50GB and at least a diskette drive of

high density of 1.44MB (3.5 inches)

d. The system should be equipped with an E.G.A/V.G.A, a colored monitor

e. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units.

f. It should internet ready.

These listed configurations are the minimum requirement but if the configurations are higher

the report derived will definitely be better and the program will run much faster.

23
4.6.2 Software Requirement

The software specification required on the computer system is.

 A window XP or higher version for faster processing

 HTML

 Text Editor

 Dreamweaver 8.0

 PHP

 MYSQL

 Apache server 2.5

 Fire Works

 Mozilla web browser

4.6.3 Operational Requirement

For the new system to be operational, internet access is needed in the computer.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY

The use of computer software based online clearance system forms the basis of the school

management decision. It aims at providing the management with adequate, effective, well

documented up-to-date and formatted output. To help as a tool in planning and decision

making/based on the student clearance form.

The lack of learner outcome variation of the online system signals the establishment of

concurrency between the two measures even though they are measures of same construct.

This investigation supports the use the online system delivery structure to broaden the

instruction audience in technology education program.

The use of online clearance system

in technology education at the university remain at the minimal level as suggested by the 80

percent of the online student participant, predominantly technology education measures who

report that they have not done online clearance previously. Also 75 percent of online student

participant report that they have not used computer software base online clearance system

previously. Having come to completion of this project work a lot of achievement was made

and they include;

1. The replacement of error prone manual system with new automated online clearance

system.

2. Data can now be processed with great speed and efficiency.

3. The application has the ability to update record in various files automatically there

relieving the university staff the stress from working from file to file.

4. The security of data is ensured.

5. The use of database server was implemented.

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5.2 CONCLUSION

Research and development are continuous processes; this is same in computer and software

development. However the effectiveness and efficiency of this new system provide room for

further improvement. As early mentioned some of the objectives of this project were not

actualized due to some limitation. So this objectives could be improved upon, the outline

clearance system developed will offer greater opportunity in school management. All

transaction or payment with regards to student’s clearance can be carried out online.

26
5.3 RECOMMENDATION

The research work carried out is limited to online clearance only. It would be better if a full

portal is developed for effective and wholesome of information management technology in

our universities. When this is done the following modules are recommended to include in the

portal.

1. Developing an online students admission system to enable full tracking of student

records

2. Automation of student academic record to enable the management to have access to

student academic performance.

3. Maintaining a central database for accessing information relating to student.

27
 REFERENCES

Anigbogu G. (2016). Systematic planning for educational change. California: Mayfield

publishing company.

Chimezie F. (2017). “Use of local area network in school. ERIC Digest” Syracus, NY: ERIC

Clearinghouse on information resources.

Clifton E.B. (2016). Management of records in Nigerian Universities. Problems and prospect.

The flectional library 23 (30).

Enwere J.C. (2016). Records managements in Nigeria: to be or not to be? Nigeria library or

information science review. Lagos, Nigeria: Akin publishing ltd.

Funk M. (2019). Perspective in education planning . Ibadan, Nigeria Odun prints and pack,

Agbowo

Hewlett M. (2016). The internet in education column: *special issue+. “internet world”, 6

(10).

Iwhiwhu E.B (2015). The future of records management in Nigeria. The Nigerian archivist.

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Lucey I. (2019). Managing record in the Moden office. Training the wild frontier. Archivaria

39 (spring).

Nwankwo J.I. (2018). Establishment of information in sind| province, UNESCO technical

report: project PAK|77|038.

Obilikwu N. (2016). Records management project Ibadan, Nigeria. Adeyomi printing press

Omenyi A.S.(2015). Effective record management: a tool for effective councelling in the

school system. Journal of councelling and communication.

Oketunji S.F. (2016). Information provision to academic research and development

organization in the 21st century. The information manager 2 (1)

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Popoola S.O. (2017). Records management program in Nigeria: a survey of the Osun state

civil service.

Tarlor M. (2018). Education and training achieve and records manager in the Africa. Ibadan,

Nigeria: Odun publishing company.

Uju J.O.(2017). Research methods application of scientific research methodology and

documentation, Trans-Ekulu Enugu Joen Publishers.

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 APPENDIX I

PROGRAM SOURCE CODE

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />

<title>Untitled Document</title>

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/cs.css" />

</head>

<body>

<div id="banner">

<img src="img/Graphic1.JPG" />

</div>

<div id="divbody">

<div id="divinbody">

<div id="link">

<table width="900" height="39" border="0">

<tr>

<td><center><a href="Index.php"><b>Home</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="abu.php"><b>About Us</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="admss.php"><b>Adimission</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="clear.php"><b>Clearance</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="fac.php"><b>Faculty</b></a></center></td>

</tr>

30
</table>

</div>

<div id="firststep">

<div id="sidestepone">

<table width="301" height="500" border="1">

<tr>

<td width="291" height="30"><center><b>News</center></td>

</tr>

</tr>

</table>

</div>

<div id="sidesteptwo">

</object>

<div id="ininsidesidesteptwo">

</div>

<div id="laststep">

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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CLEARANCE.PHP

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />

<title>Untitled Document</title>

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/cs.css" />

</head>

<body>

<div id="banner">

<img src="img/Graphic1.JPG" />

</div>

<div id="divbody">

<div id="divinbody">

<div id="link">

<table width="900" height="39" border="0">

<tr>

<td><center><a href="Index.php"><b>Home</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="abu.php"><b>About Us</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="admss.php"><b>Adimission</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="clear.php"><b>Clearance</b></a></center></td>

<td><center><a href="fac.php"><b>Faculty</b></a></center></td>

</tr>

</table>

32
</div>

<div id="firststep">

<div id="sidestepone">

<table width="301" height="500" border="1">

<tr>

<td width="291" height="30"><center><b>Clearance</center></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height="156"><a href="sis.php"><b><center>Sister Clearance</center></b>

</a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height="144"><a href="bos.php"><center><b>Boser Clearance</b></center></a></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td height="158"><a href="fin.php"><center><b>Final Year

Clearance</b></center></a></td>

</tr>

</table>

</div>

<div id="sidesteptwo">

<object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"

codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/

swflash.cab#version=7,0,19,0" width="601" height="234">

<param name="movie" value="img/Movie3.swf" />

33
<param name="quality" value="high" />

<embed src="img/Movie3.swf" quality="high"

pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-

shockwave-flash" width="601" height="234"></embed>

</object>

<div id="ininsidesidesteptwo">

</div>

<div id="laststep">

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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