FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAF

EXTRACT HERBAL SYRUP

A Project
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement For
the degree of

BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

In
Sardar Patel University, Balaghat

By

SEJAL BOPCHE

Under the Guidance of

Dr. DISHA CHOUHAN

M. Pharm., PhD.

SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH (SPSR)

Sardar Patel Knowledge City, Dongariya, BALAGHAT - 481331

2024-2025
 SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH (SPSR)
Sardar Patel Knowledge City, Dongariya, Balaghat-481331

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project work entitled “formulation and

evaluation of carica papaya leaf extract herbal syrup ” submitted in

partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy in the faculty

of Pharmacy, Sardar Patel University, Balaghat was carried out in the

laboratories of the School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research

(SPSR), Balaghat by SEJAL BOPCHE

Place: Balaghat Dr. Manjeet

Singh Date: M.Tech., Ph.D.
(Executive Director)
 SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH (SPSR)
Sardar Patel Knowledge City, Dongariya, Balaghat-481331

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project work entitled “formulation and

evaluation of carica papaya leaf extract herbal syrup” submitted in

partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy in the faculty

of Pharmacy, Sardar Patel University, Balaghat was carried out in the

laboratories of the School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR)

by SEJAL BOPCHE

The Project is now ready for examination.

Place: Balaghat Dr. Rajesh Mujariya

Date: M.Pharm., Ph.D.
(Director)
 SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH (SPSR)
Sardar Patel Knowledge City, Dongariya, Balaghat-481331

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project entitled “formulation and evaluation of

carica papaya leaf extract herbal syrup” submitted in partial fulfillment for

the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy, in the faculty of Pharmacy, Sardar Patel

University, Balaghat was carried out in the laboratories of the School of

Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR) by SEJAL BOPCHE under my

Guidance and supervision.

The thesis is now ready for examination.

Place: Balaghat Dr. Disha Chouhan

Date: M.Pharm., PhD.
(Associate Professor)
 SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH (SPSR)
Sardar Patel Knowledge City, Dongariya, Balaghat-481331

DECLARATION

I hereby declared that the Project entitled “formulation and

evaluation of carica papaya leaf extract herbal syrup” is based on

original work carried out in the laboratories of School of

Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR) and have not been

submitted before for the award of any degree of this university or any

other university.

The Project is now ready for examination.

Date: STUDENT NAME

Place: Balaghat Mis. SEJAL BOPCHE

 SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH (SPSR)
Sardar Patel Knowledge City, Dongariya, Balaghat-481331

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents and

family members for their unconditional love, support, and sacrifices,
which have been the foundation of my educational journey in Pharmacy.

I extend my sincere thanks to Er. Diwakar Singh Sir, Chancellor, and

Dr. Biplab Pal Sir, Vice Chancellor, Sardar Patel University, Balaghat,
for their invaluable encouragement and guidance.

My deepest appreciation goes to Dr. Manjeet Singh Sir, Executive

Director, Dr. Rajesh Mujariya Sir, Director, Department of B.
Pharmacy, and Mrs. Disha Chouhan Mam for their inspiring
mentorship and continuous support.

I am also grateful to all the respected faculty members of the School of

Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, including Mr. Atul Bisen, Mr.
Rakesh Rana, Mr. Gajanand Dashare, Mr. Yogesh Dewahe, Mrs. Rajni
Bhoutekar, Miss Shivani Shukla, Mrs. Kalpana Patle, Miss Radha
Nagpure, and Mr. Rajat Meshram, for their timely suggestions and
encouragement.

Lastly, a warm thank you to all my friends for their constant support, and
again to my parents for being my strength throughout this journey.

Place:-Balaghat

Thank you all

SEJAL BOPCHE
 Dedicated To My
Beloved Parents

Whatever I Am Today Is All of Them

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Index

INDEX

APPENDIX I-III I-III

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES 13

3. PLAN OF WORK 14

4. LITERATURE REVIEW 15

EXTRACTION PROCEDURE
5. MACERATION 18

FORMULATION DEVELOPED
IN
6. 19
THREE STEPS

METHOD OF PREPARATION
7. 24

8. RESULT & DISCUSSION 29

9. CONCLUSION 230

10. REFERENCES 231

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Appendix

APPENDIX –I

ABBREVATIONS

Ip : Indian Pharmacopoeia

Fig : Figure

Eq. : Equation

Mg. : Milligram

Ml : Milliliter

L : Litre

Ss. : Simple Syrup

Syr. : Syrup

Tbl : Table

Bp. : British Pharmacopoeia

Usp : United States Pharmacopoeia

Api : Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

Kg : Kilogram

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Appendix

APPENDIX-II

LIST OF FIGURES

Page
Fig. No. Name of Figure
No.

1 Dengue Virus Structure 3

2 Immune Response To Dengue Virus 4

3 Process Of Thrombopoiesis Infection 4

4 Thrombocytopenia In Dengue 4

5 Molecular Mimicry 5

6 Symptoms Of Dengue Fever 6

7 Dengue Transmission cycle 7

8 Effect Of {CPLE} On Platelet Production 12

9 Papaya Leaf Extract 20

10 Simple Syrup 20

11 Honey 21

12 Glycerine 21

13 Sodium Bemzoate 21

14 Orange Oil 22

15 Xanthum Gum 22

16 Distilled Water 23

17 Filteratio Setup 25

18 filteration setup 26

19 carica papaya leaf extract syrup 26

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Appendix

APPENDIX – III

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page
Name of Table
No. No.

Plant Description
1 8

2 Leaf Morphology 10

3 Ingredients And Their Role 19

4 Ingredients And Their Role 20

5 Batch Preparation 25

6 Result And Discussion 29

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

1) INTRODUCTION

Herbal syrup: herbal syrup it is a defined as a prepared and

combination and concentration decoction with honey sugar or either
some time use alcohol. The base of such syrup is a strong herbal
decoction and mixing a decoction with sugar honey help to thicken
preserves the decoction[1]. the anti-dengue syrup medication is a liquid
dosage form use of oral liquid pharmaceutical has been confirm on basic
ease of administration to those people who have the problem in the
swallowing of solid dosage from medication. Syrup is a concentrated
solution contains sugar and purified water. Therefore carica papaya leaf
extract syrup use for treatment of high fever of dengue.

 Advantage Of Syrups[1]

• The active agent is homogeneously dispersed through the product.

• The active agent is in solution and does not need to undergo

dissolution; therefore the therapeutic response is generally faster
than if a tablet or capsule dosage form is used for treatment.
• The dose of the active agent is easily and conveniently adjusted by
measuring a different volume.[1] syrups may be swallowed by
patients who have difficulty taking tablets or capsules, as might be
these with pediatric patients.
• Drugs such as potassium chloride that may cause ulceration to the
mucosa in a tablet formulation avoid this side effect when present in
solution.

Page 1

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

 Disadvantage Of Syrups[1]

• The active ingredients, when present in solution, are usually more

susceptible to chemical degradation, particularly hydrolysis, than
when they are in solid dosage form.
• As a consequence of this, the solution product has a shorter shelf
life than the solid formulation. Some pharmacologic agents taste or
smell bad enough in solution that the patient has difficulty taking
the medication.[1]
• Liquid dosage forms are heavier and take up more shelf space than
corresponding soild dosage sorms. If the container breaks, the
product is irretrie1

1.1) Dengue

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the

dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after
infection. These may include a high fever, headac, he, vomiting, muscle
and joint pains, and a characteristic skin itching and skin rash. Recovery
generally takes two to seven days. In a small proportion of cases, the
disease develops into a more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever,
resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma
leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood
pressure occurs. Dengue is spread by several species of female
mosquitoes ofthe aedes genus, principally aedes aegypti. The virus has
five serotypes, infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to
that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent
infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications.
A number of tests are available to confirm the diagnosis including
detecting antibodies to the virus or its r na .[6]

Page 2

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

Figure No 1.[ Dengue Virus Structure

1.2) Mechanism Of Dengue

When a mosquito carrying dengue virus bites a person, the virus enters the
skin together with the mosquito's saliva. It binds to and enters white blood
cells, and reproduces inside the cells while they move throughout the body.
The white blood cells respond by producing several signaling proteins, such
as cytokines and interferons, which are responsible for many of the
symptoms, such as the fever, the flu-like symptoms, and the severe pains. In
severe infection, the virus production inside the body is greatly increased,
and many more organs (such as the liver and the bone marrow) can be
affected.[5]fluid from the bloodstream leaks through the wall of small blood
vessels into body cavities due to capillary permeability. As a result, less blood
circulates in the blood vessels, and the blood pressure becomes so low that it
cannot supply sufficient blood to vital organs. Furthermore, dysfunction of
the bone marrow due to infection of the stromal cells leads to reduced
numbers of platelets, which are necessary for effective blood clotting; this
increases the risk of bleeding, the other major complication of dengue[5]

Page 3

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

Figure No. 2 [Immune Response To Dengue Virus ]

No. 3 [ Process Of Thrombopoiesis Infection ]

Mechanism of inhibition of the formation of platelets in bone marrow by

dengue virus. The panel illustrates the steps in the formation of platelets
from the liver that is stimulated by low platelet count in the blood. After
the infection of the host with dengue virus, it prevents the formation of
platelets from stromal cells and maturation in different stages.

Figure No. 4 [ Thrombocytopenia In Dengue ]

Page 4

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

Summary of processes behind thrombocytopenia in dengue. The panel

summarizes how platelets are destroyed after dengue infection. After
viral replication in platelets, it activates platelets using receptors and
monocytes as well as aggregates the platelets, reducing its availability.
It also suppresses bone marrow and prevents platelet formation by
destroying premature cells.[5]

Figure no. 5 [ molecular mimicry ]

Mechanism of platelet destruction by antibody crossreaction induced by

dengue virus. Invading viral proteins mimics the platelets of the body and
are destroyed by igm antibodies produced upon recognition of viral
proteins by the host defense system.

Page 5

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

1.3) Sign And Symptoms

Typically, people infected with dengue virus are asymptomatic (80%) or

have only mild symptoms such as an uncomplicated fever. Others have
more severe illness (5%), and in a small proportion it is life-threatening.
The proportion it is life-threatening. The incubation period (time between
exposure and onset of symptoms) ranges from 3 to 14 days, but most
often it is 4 to 7 days. Therefore, travelers returning from endemic areas
are unlikely to have dengue fever if symptoms start more than 14 days
after arriving home. Children often experience symptoms similar to those
of the common cold and gastroenteritis (vomiting and diarrhea) and have
a greater risk of severe complications, though initial symptoms are
generally mild but include high fever[6]

Figure no. 6 [ symptoms of dengue fever ]

Page 6

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

1.4) Transmission

Spread just like in malaria, dengue fever is also spread by bites of

mosquitoes. In this case, the mosquitoes are “aedes” mosquitoes
which are very tough and bold mosquitoes and bite even during day
time. This disease occurs more frequently in the rainy season and
immediately afterwards (july to october) in india. The dengue virus is
present in the blood of the patient suffering from dengue fever.
whenever an aedes mosquito bites a patient of dengue fever,
[7]
it
[7]

sucks blood and along with it, the dengue virus enters into its body.
The virus undergoes further development in the body of the mosquito
for a few days. When the virus containing mosquito bites a normal
human being, the virus is injected into the person’s body and he/she
becomes infected and can develop symptoms of dengue fever

Figure no. 7 [ dengue transmission cycle ]

Page 7

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

1.5) Plant Description

Table no. 1

. Domain Flowering
Plant
Plantae

Sub Kingdom Tracheobionta

Class Magnoliopside

Subclass Dilleniidae

Super Division Spermatophyta

Phylum Steptophyta

Order Brassicales

Family Caricaceae

Genus Carica

Botanical Carica Papaya

Name

Carica papaya is sometimes known as paw paw which is a fast growing

herbaceous plant. Carica papaya is an evergreen, tree-like herb, 2-10
m tall, usually unbranched, although sometimes branched due to
injury, containing white latex in all parts. Stem cylindrical, 10- 30 cm in
diameter, hollow with prominent leaf scars and spongy-fibrous tissue.
Has an extensive rooting system. Leaves spirally arranged, clustered
near apex of trunk; petiole up to 1 m long, hollow, greenish or purplish-
green; lamina orbicular, 25-75 cm in diameter, palmate, deeply 7-
lobed, glabrous, prominently veined; lobes deeply and broadly toothed.
[8] the leaves are deeply incised and lobed. Mature leaves are palmate
with deep lobes and are supported by smooth and hollow petiole. The
leaf scars given by petiole enlarge as the plant grows in circumference.
The leaves are used for colic, fever, beriberi, abortion, asthma in india
and cancer in australia papaya leaves are used traditionally in
treatments like
Page 8

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

jaundice, malaria, dengue immunomodulatory and antiviral activity. [10]

young leaves are used in cooking and eaten like spinach in east indies.
Papaya leaves are used as a tonic for heart disease, treatment for
stomach ache and have antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic and
analgesic property, immunomodulatory,

Anti tumour, antiplasmodial, antibacterial, anti dengue also used in

treating wounds, burns and malignanttumors. [10] dried leaves are
known as blood puriiers and taken as tonic. Papaya leaf tea is used to
treat obesity and helps in losing weight and it acts against chronic
indigestion, high blood pressure and arteriosclerosis weakening of
heart. Fresh leaves are used to cure gastrointestinal problems and
hepatic disease and it also acts as anti-inflammatory and natural
abortion agent. In india traditional, siddha medicinal systems prescribe
carica papaya leaf extract to patients with dengue fever
symptoms[10]daily consumption of leaves helps to prevent malaria,
aqueous extract of papaya leaves consumption also increases platelets
wbc and neutrophils counts (especially in dengue patients). Dried
leaves have been indicated in sickle cell anemia management.

Page 9

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

1.6) Leaf Morphology

Table no. 2

Leaf Alternate
Arrangement
Leaf Type Simple

Leaf Margin Parted

Leaf Shape Star-Shaped

Leaf Venation Palmate

Leaf Type And Evergreen

Persistence
Leaf Blade 18 To 23 Inches
Length
Leaf Color Green To Olive Green On Top, Paler
Green Towhitish Underneath

Fall Color No Fall Color Change

Fall Not Showy[8]

Characteristic

Page 10

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

1.7) Mechanism Of Carica Papaya Leaf Extract Against

Dengue

The juice from the leaves of carica papaya helps to increase the
count of white blood cells and platelets count. It also helps to
normalize clotting and repairs the liver. The extract of papaya juice
was given to patient with dengue fever within 24 hours the
platelets count and white blood cell count raise to normal level.
The secondary metabolite of this plant makes up a vast repository
compound. The aqueous extract exhibits potential activity against
dengue fever.[11] currently no vaccine or antiviral drugs are existed
for the control of dengue disease. Only patients receive supportive
treatment with blood, blood components and fluids for the
prevention of the disease or maintenance therapy. Possible
mechanisms behind the role of papaya leaves in improving platelet
count. This figure summarizes the mechanism of papaya leaves in
reducing thrombocytopenia by the dengue virus. It stabilizes the
membrane of platelets and reduces platelet destruction. It also
prevents viral assembly in cells and hemolysis. Furthermore, it
increases the expression of genes that elevate the production of
platelets[5]

Page 11

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Introduction

Figure No.8 [ Effect Of {CPLE} On Platelet Production ]

Mechanisms behind the role of papaya leaves in improving platelet

count by membrane stabilization and production of alox 12 gene.
Carica papaya l. Leaf extract promotes the formation of
megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte progenitors that induce the
formation of proplatelets. Mechanisms behind the role of papaya
leaves in improving platelet membrane people count by production of
alox 12 gene. Carica papaya l. Leaf extract promotes the formation of
megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte progenitors that induce the
formation of proplatelets. Lysis and destruction of these proplatelets
are also inhibited by carica papaya l. Leave extra[5

Page 12

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Aim and
objectives

2) AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1. Increase Platelet Count: One of the most common uses is to help

increase platelet count, particularly in cases like dengue fever, where
platelet levels drop significantly.

2. Boost Immune System: The extract is believed to enhance the body's

immune response, helping to fight infections.

3. Antioxidant Effects: It contains compounds that may reduce oxidative

stress and prevent cellular damage.

4. Anti-inflammatory Action: It may help reduce inflammation in the body

due to its natural phytochemicals.

5. Support Digestive Health: Carica papaya leaf extract is also used to aid
digestion and relieve gastrointestinal issues.

6. Liver Protection: Some studies suggest hepatoprotective properties,

helping maintain liver function and health.

7. Antiviral and Antimicrobial Properties: It may help fight certain viral and
bacterial infections due to its bioactive compounds.

8. Liver Protection: May support liver detoxification and protect against

liver damage .

9. Blood Sugar Regulation: Some studies suggest it may help regulate

glucose levels in diabetic patients.

10. Menstrual Pain Relief: Traditionally used to ease menstrual cramps and
regulatemenstrual cycles.

11. Skin Health Support: Contains compounds that may help treat acne,
eczema, and other skin issues.

12. Anti-cancer Potential: Early research indicates possible anti-tumor

effects due to the presence of phytonutrients .

Page 13

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Plan of
work

3) PLAN OF WORK

3.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

3.2 MATERIAL AND METHOD

➤ Selection and collection of herbs

➤ Drying of crude drugs

➤ Extraction of carica papaya leaf in Ethanol

➤ Method and preparation

3.3 EVALUATION

➤ Physical evaluation

➤ Organoleptic evaluation

3.4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.5 CONCLUSION

3.6 REFERANC

Page 14

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Literature and
review

4)LITERATURE REVIEW

I. Dr.c.v.m. naresh kumar et.al (june 2023) The present

study suggests the therapeutic role of papaya leaf extract (ple) as a
cheap and potential herbal therapy for treating the dengue infected
patients. Further studies should be carried out for identification of the
compounds present in carica papaya leaf extract and exploring their
therapeutic role in curing dengue infection. Carica papaya leaf extracts
are known to have many beneficial medicinal properties. Recent
studies have claimed possible beneficial effects of carica papaya leaf
extracts in treating patients with dengue infection. The present study
aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of carica papaya leaf
extracts in treating dengue patients. Carica papaya leaf extracts were
given to dengue infected patients and their blood samples were daily
monitored. Polyserositis condition of the patients was analysed by
ultrasonography before and after the completion of carica papaya leaf
extract treatment. Blood analysis reports, ultrasonographic findings,
statistical results and patients recovery from dengue infection clearly
shows the therapeutic role of carica papaya leaf extracts in treating
dengue infected patients. Further studies are necessary for
identification of the compounds present in carica papaya leaf extract
and exploring their therapeutic role in curing dengue infection.

II. Jaykaran Charan et.al (Oct-Dec 2021) This study suggest

that C. Papaya leafs extract has a definitive role in improving the
platelet count in patients of dengue. Looking at the wider CI, the rise in
platelet count may be very less and may not clinically significant.
There is a statistically significant positive effect on therise of platelet
count, but whether this rise is clinically significant or not? That can be
explored further by designing high-quality clinical trials based on large
sample size with all measures to prevent incorporation of bias. Dengue

Page 15

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Literature and
review
is an infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity.
Being a viral disease, there is no specific drug available for treatment.
There are some reports that Carica papaya leaf extract may improve
the clinical condition of dengue patients.

III. Vijeth S. B. et. al. (July 2020) Studies that dengue is a threat
to almost 40% of the world’s population. There is still no specific
treatment for dengue. Carica papaya leaf extract can be used as
supplementary drug in acute febrile illness patients with
thrombocytopenia. It accelerates the increase in platelet count and
reduces the hospital stay thereby reducing the c Dengue is a global
public health problem and thrombocytopenia associated with it is a
serious complication for which there is no specific treatment available.
This study was done to assess the effect of Carica papaya Leaf Extract
(CPLE) on thrombocytopenia associated with Dengue and to study
other clinical parameters of dengue. Ost of hospitalization. Carica
papaya leaf extract accelerates the increase in platelet count and
reduces the hospital stay. So, it can be used as supplementary drug to
reduce complications.

IV. Adhuri Prakash Reddy et.al (March 2018) The work suggest
that the compound extracted from leaves are used for the treatment of
dengue activity and this effect is increased by increasing the quantity
of this compound. The crude leaves were collected from local forest
which are then subjected for drying, extraction using maceration
process. Therefore, pharmacological test is necessary to isolate and
characterize their active compounds. This extract used to prepare
syrup, and evaluate purpose we are using various evaluation
parameters of stability, viscosity, ph. To formulate and evaluate
papaya leaves and euphorbia hitra by using different sweetening
agents like sucrose, maltose, sucralose and saccharin etc. Medicinal

Page 16

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Literature and
review
plants such as Carica papaya, and Euphorbia hitra, is an ever green
medicinally useful tree that tolerates various stress of the desert.
Medicinal plants have been a variable source ofnatural activity
phytochemical constituents that play an important role in the
treatment of many human diseases. In the present study, leaves of
Caricapapaya, euphorbia hitra was by its Anti-bacterial activity the
qualitative phyto-chemical analysis and bacterial potential.

V. Javesh Kashinat Patil et.al (June 2017) The formulation

having antioxidant property hence it will be very helpful for
researchers as well as industries to make the similar formulations on
large scale. Most of herbal syrup was originally derived from plant
herbal medicine refers to use extract of leaves for medicinal purpose.
Along with other dosage from herbal drugs also formulated inform of
syrups. Today syrup is used for treatment of many ailments and to
overcome symptoms of diseases. The antidengue syrup is used to treat
the dengue because of many stress condition and other oxidative
reaction in body the free radical are generated, by using these syrup
the condition is overcome.

VI. Moklesur Rahman Sarker et. el. (April 2015) Threapeutic

application of carica papaya leaf and how papaya leaf help in dengue
to increaseplatelet couseveral reports have suggested that papaya
leaves have the ability to inhibit destructive effects on platelets by
the dengue virus and increase the expression of ALOX 12 gene
responsible for elevating platelet count. Moreover, papaya leaves
have been found to have a wide therapeutic range with very few
toxic effects. However, very few investigations were done to
explore the mechanism(s) behind the role of papaya leaves to
improve the platelet count. If the exact mechanisms are known,
papaya leaves extract could be optimized for better effectiveness as
well as therapeutic preparations that could be formulated targeting

Page 17

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Literature and
review
the same pathway as papaya leaves. Also, the anti-thrombocytopenic
potential of papaya leaves is not very widely known.

Page 18

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Extraction Procedure
Maceration

5) EXTRACTION PROCEDURE MACERATION

PAGE 18
 Formulation

6) FORMULATION DEVELOPED IN
Three Steps
• Preparation Of Extracts The Collected Papaya Leaves (100gm) Were
Dried And Size Reduced Into Coarse Powder And Macerated
Separately With 60 Ml Of 70% Ethanol & 240 Ml Water. After 7days Of
Maceration Both The Extract Was Filtered Out With The Help Of
Whatman Filter Paper. The Residue Was Obtained And Kept In A
Dessicator Forthe Present Study.

• Preparation Of Simple Syrup Take 66.7gm Of Sucrose Was Weighed

And Added In To Purified Water Heated Until It Dissolved With
Occasional Stirring. Sufficing Boiling Water Will Be Added To Produce
100ml Of Simple Syrup.

[2]
• Other Excipients Add For Enhance Activity.

 Ingredients and their role

• Table no. 3.

Ingredients Role
Papaya Leaf Active
Ingredient
Extract
Simple Syrup Sweetener
.
Honey Sweetning
Agent
Glycerine Thickening
Agent
Sodium Preservatives
Benzoate
Orange Oil Flavouring
Agent
Xanthum Gum Viscosity
Enhancer
Water Make Up
Volume

PAGE 19

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Formulation

Table No. 4
Ingredie Official Required
nts Quantity Quantity
Sucrose 667 Gm 6.67 Gm

Distill 1000 Ml 10 Ml
ed
Wate
r

1. Papaya Leaf Extract – Main Therapeutic Agent Those Show Anti-

Dengue, Anti- Inflammatory And Anti- Malaria Action, Papaya Leaf

Extract Increases The Platlet, Wbc Count In The Blood.

Figure no. 9 [ Papaya Leaf Extract ]

2. Simple syrup - sweetening which doubles the sweetness of glucose

and make Sucrosedistinctively sweet in comparison to other
carbohydrate foods. It can also act as a food preservative when used in
sufficient concentrations. It is a common ingredient in many processed
foods.[2]

Figure No.10 [Simple Syrup ]

PAGE 20

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Formulation

3. Honey - honey is thought to be helpful in various antimicrobial and

anti- inflammatory properties. It has also been suggested that due to
its viscous nature it coats the throat causing a soothing effect.

Figure No.11[Honey ]

4. Glycerine - it is often thought of only as a solvent or thickening agent

its special properties of lubrication, demulcency, sweetness, and acting

as a humectant.

Figure no.12 [ glycerine ]

5. Sodium benzoate - sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in

some over-the- counter and prescription medications.

Figure no.13[sodium bemzoate]

PAGE 21

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Formulation

6. Orange oil - flavors are used for orally consumed products such as

syrups, flavors are used for orally consumed products such as syrup.
Provide aromatic properties to syrup.

Figure no.14 [ orange oil ]

7. Xanthum gum - used in refrigerated dough formulations to control

syrup formation and stabilize the dough during storage.

Figure no.15 [xanthum gum ]

PAGE 22

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Formulation

8. Water - the use of boiled purified water in the preparation of syrup can
enhance its permanency, and the addition of preservative agents,
when permitted, can protect it during its shelf life. Storage in a tight
container is a requirement for all syrups.

Figure no.16 [ distilled water

PAGE 23

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Method of
preparation

7) METHOD OF PREPARATION

Page 24
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat
 Method of
preparation

7.1)Batch preparation
Table no. 4.
Sr. Ingredients Batch Batch Batch C
No. A B

1 Papaya 10 Ml 10 Ml 10 Ml
Leafextract
2 Simple Syrup 10 Ml 15 Ml _

3 Glycerin 2 Ml 2 Ml 2 Ml

4 Honey 5 Ml _ 15 Ml

5 Sodium 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%

Benzoate
6 Xanthum Gum 0.5 Gm 0.5 Gm 0.5 Gm

7 Orange Oil 3-4 3-4 3-4 Drops

Drops Drops
8 Distilled Water Q.S Q.S Q.S

Figure No. 17[ Filteratio Setup]

Page 25

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Method of
preparation

Figure no.18 [ filteration setup ]

Figure no 19. [ carica papaya leaf extract syrup ]

Page 26

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Method of
preparation

7.2) Evaluation parameter

1) Colour
a) 5 Ml Of Prepared Syrup Was Taken On A Watch Glass.
b) Watch Glass Placed Against White Background In White Tube Light.
c) Colour Was Observed By Naked Eyes.

2) Odour
a) 2ml Prepared Syrup Was Taken And Smell By Invidually.

b) The Time Interval Between 2 Smelling Was 2 Min To Nullify Effect Of

Previous Smelling.

3) Density
a) Take The Weight Of Empty Dry Bottle With Capillary Tube Stopper.

b) Fill The Bottle With Syrup And Place The Stopper, Wipe Out Excess
Liquid From Outsidethe Tube Using Tissue Paper.
c) Weight Bottle With Syrup On Analytical Balance.

d) Calculate Weight In Grams Of Syrup.

W𝑒i𝑔ℎ𝑡 = W𝑒i𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜ƒ 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒

𝑤i𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑦𝑟𝑢𝑝 − W𝑒i𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜ƒ

𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒

Page 27

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Method of
preparation

4) Viscosity
a) Thoroughly clean the ostwald viscometer with warm chromic acid
and if necessary used an organic solvent such as acetone.
b) Mount viscometer in vertical position on a suitable stand.
c) Fill water in dry viscometer up to mark g.
d) Count time required, in second for water to flow
e) Repeat step 3 at least 3 times to obtained accurate reading.
f) Rinse viscometer with test liquid and then fill it up to mark a, find
out the timerequired for liquid to flow to mark b.
g) Determination of densities of liquid as mentionedin density
determinationexperiment.

5) Ph determination
The Ph Determination Of Syrup By
Using Two

Techniques.

A) Glass Electrode b) Ph Paper

6) Stability testing
a) Stability Testing Of The Prepared Herbal Syrup Was Performed On
Keeping The Samples At Accelerated Temperature Conditions.

b) The Final Syrup Was Taken In Culture Tubes And Were Kept At
Accelerated Temperature At 4°C, Room Temperature And 47°C
Respectively.
c) The Samples Were Tested For All The Physicochemical Parameters,
Turbidity And Homogeneity At The Interval Of 24 Hr, 36hr And 72
Hr To Observe Any Change

Page 28

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 Result and
Discussion

7) RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results obtained in this study suggest that the herbal formulations
prepared possesses anti-dengue activity. The component of the herbal
syrup formulation was selected due to their reported action that plays
a preventative and curative role in treatment of dengue. Syrup
prepared passes all the physical parameters and shows the significant
antitussive activit
Table No. 5

Sr. Ingredients BatchA BatchB BatchC

No.

1 Papaya leafextract 10 ml 10 ml 10 ml

2 Simple syrup 10 ml 15 ml _

3 Glycerin 2 ml 2 ml 2 ml

4 Honey 5 ml _ 15 ml

5 Sodium Benzoate 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%

6 Xanthum Gum 0.5 gm 0.5 gm 0.5 gm

7 Orange Oil 3-4 drops 3-4 drops 3-4 drops

8 Distilled Water q.s q.s q.s

Page29
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat
 Conclusion

8) CONCLUSION
Study suggests the therapeutic role of papaya leaf extract (ple) as a
cheap and potential herbal therapy for treating the dengue infected
patients. Dengue is a threat to almost 40% of the world’s population.
There is still no specific treatment for dengue. Carica papaya leaf extract
can be used as supplementary drug in acute febrile

Illness patients with thrombocytopenia. It accelerates the increase in

platelet count and reduces the hospital stay thereby reducing the cost of
hospitalization. The result of this work suggest that the compound
extracted from leaves are used for the treatment for dengue activity and
this effect is increased by increasing the quantity of compound. This
extract used to prepare syrup, and evaluate purpose by uSing various
evaluation parameters of viscosity ph,density.

Page 30

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 References

9) REFERENCE

1. Aduri prakash reddy, r rajasree, sk uddandu saheb, g suvarsha, a

monica, formulation and evaluation of papaya leaves used for the
treatment of dengue, international journal of research in pharmacy and
pharmaceutical sciences, march 2019; 4(2): 100-104.
2. T p endy, s c weaver, and k a hanley. Dengue virus: past, present and
future in: frontiers in dengue virus research. K.a. hanley and s.c.
weaver (eds.) Caister academic press, norfolk, (2010) uk isbn 978-1-
904455- 50-9. E c holmes, s s twiddy. "the origin, emergence and
evolutionary genetics of dengue virus." infection, genetics and
evolution, 3(1): 19–28.International journal of food properties, 2014;
1637- 1647.
3. Nivaasini sivarajah, internationa journal of science and research (ljsr),
index copernicus value, may 2015; 6(5): 2770-2772.
4. Aravbind g, debjit bhowmik, duraivel s, harish g, journal of medicinal
plants studies, 2013; 1(1): 7-14.

5. Smita verma, rajeev kumar varma, shweta singh, indian journal of

drugs 2017, department of pharmacology / pharmaceutical chemistry,
prasad institute of technology jaunpur, page no; 88-93.
6. Vijay rakesh reddy s, sachin aj, kavitha c and prashant kalal, tropical
fruits

7. Brocklehurst k and e. Salih, fresh non-fruit latex of carica papaya

contain papain, multiple forms of chymopapain a and papaya
proteinase.
8. Arvind g, debjit bhowmil, duraivel s, harish g, journal of medicinal uses
of carica papaya, traditinal and medicinal uses of carica papaya.
9. Lili Zhou, Maria Eloisa Q, Reyes and Robert E. Paull, Papaya leaf area
estimation and single leaf net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate
following leaf defoliation and fruit thining, Hort Science, 55(11): 1861-
1864

Page 31

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat

 References

10. Nivaasini Sivarajah, Internationa Journal of Science and Research (LJSR),

11. Surya P. Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Sivapur V.Mathan, DARU Journal
of Pharmaceutical Sciences 05 May 2020,Page no: 180-188.
12. .Surya P. Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Sivapur V.Mathan, DARU Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 05 May 020; Page no: 180-188
13. Rajasekhar Pinnamaneni, Department of Biotechnology, World Journal
Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 30 july 2017; 6(8):
2559-2578.
14. Anitha B, Raghu N, Gopenath TS, Karthikeyan M, gnanasekaran
A, Chandrashekrappa Gk and Basalingappa
KM, Journal of Natural and Ayurvedic Medicine, ISSN: 2578-4986, 2(6): 1-
15. Ms. Priyanka S. Sawarkar, International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, Volume 10, Issue 9, September, 2020; 873-879.
16. Aravind G, Debjit Bhowmik, Duraivel S, Harish G, Journal of Medicinal
Plants Studies, Year 2013; 1(1): 7-14.
17. Choralina Eliagita, Tjahjona Kuntjora, Sri Sumarni, Arti Suwondo,
Soeharyo Hadisaputro, Choralisa Eliagita Donny Kristanto Mulyantoro,
Belitung Nursing Jornal, March –April 2017;3(2): 120-124.
18. Kandasamy P, Varadharaju N, Dhakre D.S, Smritikana S, International
Food Research Journal, June 2019; 819-829.
19. Farhan Saeed, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Imran Pasha, Rabia Naz,
Rizwana Batool, Ammar Ahmed Khan,Muhammad Adnan Nasir and
Bilal -Shafique, International Journal of Food Properties, 2014; 1637-1647.
20. .Nivaasini Sivarajah, Internationa Journal of Science and Research
(LJSR), Index Copernicus Value, May 2015; 6(5): 2770-2772.

Page 32

School of Pharmaceutical Science & Research (SPSR), Balaghat