Concrete:
What is it: Stephen
● Coarse aggregate mixed with fluid cement
● Hardens over time
History: Gina
● Earliest use date back to 6500 BC by traders in the regions of Syria and Jordan
( built floors, housing structures and underground Cisterns)
● In 3000 BC Egyptians mixed mud and straw to bind dried bricks as well as gypsum
mortars and mortar of limes to build the pyramids in Giza. In china a form of cement
was used to build the great wall of china
● 600 BC the Romans used a type of cement called the pozzolana cement (a mixture
of volcanic ash, lime and seawater to form the mix) to build the majority of their
construction
● After changes in materials for making cement and ways to build constructions with it,
concrete is now a material used for the majority of infrastructure in the world.
Ingredients: Stephen
● Cement (mixture of lime 65%, Silica 23%, alumina 5%, Magnesia 3%, sulphur
trioxide 3%, alkaline 1%, iron oxide 0,5%, calcium sulphate 0,5%.
● Fine aggregate Bsp. Sand
● Coarse aggregate Bsp. rock
● Water
● Hardens over time
Properties: Stephen
● Strength: Different types of strength (compressive, tensile, flexural) and factors
influencing strength.
● Durability: Resistance to weathering, chemicals, and other factors affecting longevity.
● Workability: How easily concrete can be mixed, placed, and finished.
● Density and porosity: Effects on weight, thermal properties, and permeability.
Challenges and Innovations: Gina research some stuffs about this
● Environmental concerns: Carbon footprint, energy consumption, and efforts to reduce
environmental impact through alternative materials and processes.
● Research and development: Advancements in concrete technology, including
self-healing concrete, ultra-high-performance concrete, and 3D-printed concrete.
● Future trends: Potential applications in space exploration, sustainable construction,
and smart infrastructure.
Conclusion: both of us
● Recap of key points: Importance, composition, properties, manufacturing process,
applications, challenges, and innovations.
● Final thoughts on the future of concrete: Opportunities for improvement, sustainability
initiatives, and the role of concrete in shaping the built environment.
Sources
● https://www.giatecscientific.com/education/the-history-of-concrete/#:~:text=6500BC%20–%20UAE%3A%20The%20e
arliest%20recordings,straw%20to%20bind%20dried%20bricks.
● https://www.aegweb.org/index.php?option=com_dailyplanetblog&view=entry&category=geology&id=57:ancient-concr
ete-how-it-stood-the-test-of-time#:~:text=Early%20Development%20and%20Evolution,built%20over%204%2C500%
20years%20ago.
● https://www.chartindustries.com/Articles/how-is-cement-made#:~:text=Cement%2C%20like%20flour%2C%20is%20a
n,an%20impenetrable%20rock-like%20mass.
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete#History
During the process of making the podcast chatgpt was used to help us structure the whole thing and how to lead a podcast.
