Ratio Desk with
Screen
Workspace
Environmental Product Declaration
Date of Issue: February 24th, 2021
Date of Expiration: February 24th, 2026
Product Category Rules
BIFMA PCR for Office Furniture Workspace Products, UNCPC 3814
ISO 14025/14040/14044 and EN 15804
Functional Unit
1 m2 of workspace for 1 individual maintained for a 10-year period (desking)
The desk requires 0.1183 kWh per hour of use (assuming 1 lift/hour)
This EPD was not written to support comparative assertions. EPDs based on different PCRs, or different calculation models, may not be comparable. When
attempting to compare EPDs or life cycle impacts of products from different companies, the user should be aware of the uncertainty in the final results, due to
and not limited to, the practitioner’s assumptions, the source of the data used in the study, and the software tool used to conduct the study.
www.hermanmiller.com/contact
Environmental Product Declaration
Ratio® Desk with Screen
NSF Certification LLC
Program Operator 789 N. Dixboro, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
www.nsf.org
Herman Miller
Manufacturer Name and Address
1 Portal Rd, Bowerhill, Melksham, SN12 6GN, United Kingdom
Declaration Number EPD10526
Ratio Desk with Screen (all product codes starting with RAT4)
Declared Product and Functional Unit Functional Unit: 1 m2 of workspace for 1 individual maintained for 10
years (desking)
Reference PCR and Version Number BIFMA PCR for Workspace
Product’s intended Application and Use Workspace
Product RSL 10 years
Markets of Applicability United Kingdom, APAC
Date of Issue February 24, 2021
Period of Validity 5 years from date of issue
EPD Type Product Specific
Intended Audience Business-to-Business, Business-to-Consumer
Range of Dataset Variability N/A
EPD Scope Cradle to Grave
Year of reported manufacturer primary data 2019
LCA Software and Version Number GaBi 10.0.0.71
LCI Database and Version Number GaBi Database 2020.2
TRACI 2.1
LCIA Methodology and Version Number
CML 2001-Oct 2012
The PCR review was conducted by: Review Panel Chaired by Dr. Thomas Gloria
This declaration was independently verified in
accordance with ISO 14025: 2006. The CEN Norm EN Tony Favilla
15804 (2012), serves as the core PCR, with additional tfavilla@nsf.org
considerations from the BIFMA PCR for Office Furniture
Workspace Products.
Internal External
Herman Miller Background Report for LCA/EPD Creation Tool v1.6
This reference life cycle assessment was conducted in
Matt Van Duinen - WAP Sustainability Consulting
accordance with ISO 14044 and the reference PCRs:
matt@wapsustainability.com
Jack Geibig - EcoForm
This life cycle assessment was independently verified in jgeibig@ecoform.com
accordance with ISO 14044 and the reference PCR by:
BIFMA PCR for Office Furniture Workspace Products: UNCPC 3814.
ISO 14025/40/44; 2006
References
EN 15804:2012+A1; 2013
Herman Miller Background Report for LCA/EPD Creation Tool v1.6
Limitations:
Environmental declarations from different programs (ISO 14025) may not be comparable. Comparison of the environmental performance of Products using
EPD information shall be based on the product’s use and impacts at the building level, and therefore EPDs may not be used for comparability purposes when
not considering the building energy use phase as instructed under this PCR. Full conformance with the PCR for Products allows EPD comparability only when
all stages of a life cycle have been considered. However, variations and deviations are possible”. Example of variations: Different LCA software and
background LCI datasets may lead to differences results for upstream or downstream of the life cycle stages declared.
Ratio Desk with Screen| 2
Environmental Product Declaration
Ratio® Desk with Screen
Product Description
The Ratio height adjustable desk enables a smooth transition between sitting
and standing. Users can vary their posture as they need, to find the right
balance between sitting and standing throughout the day. With its clean lines
and lightweight design, Ratio has been designed to blend into the modern
office environment.
Ratio is available with two kinds of electric height adjustment, and there are a
number of different screen options, depending on the configuration of the work
space. Ratio’s design also ensures that ergonomic tools such as monitor arms
are fully supported.
Company Description Design for the Environment Criteria
Herman Miller creates inspiring designs to help people do great things at Our commitment to corporate sustainability naturally includes minimizing the
work, for learning, for wellness, at home, wherever people are. Our designs environmental impact of each of our products. Our Design for the
and the designers who work with us solve real problems for people and their Environment team applies environmentally sensitive design standards to
organizations. This way of thinking about design has led us to be recognized both new and existing Herman Miller products, and goes beyond regulatory
as an innovator in furnishings, personal work accessories, and strategic compliance to thoroughly evaluate new product designs in key areas:
services. • Material Chemistry and Safety of Inputs
What chemicals are in the materials we specify, and are they the
Our Sustainability Goals safest available?
We will be Resource Smart, Eco-inspired, and Community Driven. • Disassembly
Can we take products apart at the end of their useful life, to recycle
Resource Smart
their materials?
• Zero Waste
• Recyclability
• Net Zero Water
Do the materials contain recycled content, and more importantly, can
• Net Zero Energy
the materials be recycled at the end of the product’s useful life?
Eco-inspired Design
• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• All products designed for the environment
Have we optimized the product based on the entire life cycle?
• All products BIFMA level 3 certified
• Closed-Loop recycling of used product
Product Environmental Data**
Community Driven
69% Recycled Content
• All employees engaged in Earthright
24% Post-Consumer
• All suppliers committed to being Resource Smart
45% Pre-Consumer
Up to 69% Recyclability *
Supplier Support *Based on availability of recycling facilities.
At Herman Miller, we are committed to working closely with our suppliers to
reduce our collective impact on the environment. We encourage our Environmental Certifications**
suppliers to minimize their operations' environmental impacts and require
Indoor Advantage™ Gold
they assist us in decreasing our facilities' environmental effects.
Additional information, including installation and recycling instructions, can
Manufacturing Location
be found at https://www.hermanmiller.com
1 Portal Rd, Bowerhill, Melksham, SN12 6GN, United Kingdom
Warranty
Backed by Herman Miller's 12-year, 24/7 warranty
Ratio Desk with Screen| 3
Environmental Product Declaration
Ratio® Desk with Screen
MATERIAL DECLARATION Material Mass (kg) Mass Resource
(%)
Functional Unit Virgin Renewable and
1 m2 of workspace (desking) for 1 individual maintained over a 10-year period, Particle Board 21.88 34% Recycled Content
including packaging materials used for the final assembled product. Virgin Non-Renewable
Steel 18.62 29% and Recycled Content
Reference Flow and Product Specifications Medium Density Virgin Renewable and
This study modeled 0.744 workspace units (RAT42 X1 X1 4B04) with 0.96 m2 of Fiberboard (MDF) 17.42 27% Recycled Content
workspace (160x80cm plus screen), a height-adjustable worksurface for 1 person, Virgin Non-renewable
a privacy screen, and a motorized lift mechanism. Assuming there is 1 lift occurring Aluminum 3.60 6%
per hour, the energy requirement is 0.1183 kWh per hour. Virgin Non-Renewable
Electric Components 1.10 2%
System Boundary Acrylonitrile Butadiene Virgin Non-renewable
Cradle-to-Grave Styrene (ABS) 0.77 1%
Virgin Non-renewable
Content Declaration Polypropylene (PP) 0.69 1%
The table to the right details the materials included in the product,
Virgin Non-renewable
summarized in the chart below. In order to achieve the functional unit, 0.744 Other Materials 0.40 <1%
workspace units is required.
Total 64.48 100%
Packaging* Mass (kg) Mass (%) Resource
Corrugate 2.15 73% Recycled Content
Expanded Polystyrene 0.79 27% Virgin Non-renewable
Wood/Paper 61%
Total 2.94 100%
Steel 29%
Aluminum 6%
Plastic 2%
Electronics 2%
Material Part
Extraction Production
Material Part
Extraction Production
Material Part
Extraction Production
Product
Material Assembly and
Extraction Manufacturing
Material
Extraction and
Production Distribution and Usage End-of-Life
Preprocessing
(A1, A2) (A3) (A4, A5, B1-B7) (C1-C4)
Overview of Life Cycle Stages
Ratio Desk with Screen| 4
Environmental Product Declaration
Ratio® Desk with Screen
Life Cycle Impact Assessment – BIFMA PCR for United States Production
Environmental Impacts were calculated using the GaBi software platform. Impact results according to the BIFMA PCR have been calculated using TRACI 2.1
characterization factors, as well as LCI indicators for primary energy and water usage. Results presented in this report are for 1 m2 maintained for 10 years.
Additionally, the results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins, or risks.
Raw Material Product Distribution
LCIA Impact Category Unit Total End of Life
Production Production and Retail
Acidification Potential kg SO2 eq 5.57E-01 4.75E-01 2.70E-02 7.37E-03 4.75E-02
Eutrophication Potential kg N eq 4.75E-02 3.17E-02 1.64E-03 6.87E-04 1.35E-02
Global Warming Potential kg CO2 eq 1.04E+02 3.98E+01 1.02E+01 1.65E+00 5.21E+01
Photochemical Ozone Creation
kg O3 eq 6.02E+00 5.05E+00 3.68E-01 1.01E-01 5.02E-01
Potential (Smog)
Ozone Depletion Potential kg CFC-11 eq 1.19E-06 1.17E-06 2.10E-13 1.17E-08 7.80E-15
Raw Material Product Distribution
LCI Impact Category Unit Total End of Life
Production Production and Retail
Primary Energy Demand MJ (net cal
2.42E+03 2.10E+03 2.41E+02 3.33E+01 5.11E+01
(Renewable and Non-Renewable) value)
Fresh Water Consumption kg 6.91E+02 6.05E+02 4.59E+01 8.51E+00 3.08E+01
Life Cycle Impacts of Atlas Desk
ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAL
EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL
Raw Materials
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTAIL Production
Distribution and Use
End Of Life
OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL
SMOG CREATION POTENTIAL
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Ratio Desk with Screen| 5
Environmental Product Declaration
Ratio® Desk with Screen
APPENDIX: EN 15804
In addition to the previous results, impact results according to EN 15804 have been calculated using CML characterization factors, as well as LCI indicators required.
Results presented in this report are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins, or risks.
Modeling Assumptions
In order to comply with EN 15804, several modeling assumptions had to be altered from the previous BIFMA PCR-based results, as outlined here. The life cycle
modules are aggregated differently according to the table below and Module D is included to calculate the benefits from the end-of-life scenarios including recycling
materials, landfill gas capture, and waste-to-energy. Modules for which specific scenario data are not provided below were considered within the scope of study but
had no relevant impact. As such, the relevant tables for these stages are not presented here.
Functional Unit Reference Service Life
Parameter Value Parameter Value per functional unit
1 m2 of workspace for 1 Reference Service Life 10 Years
Functional Unit individual maintained for a 10- Use as indicated in product
year period (desking) Design Application Parameters
brochure and warranty
Number of Occupants 1 Properties given in product
Declared Product Properties
Reference Service Life Required 10 years description on page 4
A4: Transport to the Building Site End-of-Life
Parameter Value per functional unit Parameter Value per functional unit
Transportation Type Diesel Truck Weight of Product Collected 50.2 kg
Fuel Consumption 0.176 kg Weight to Recycling 8.93 kg
Distance 1000 km Weight to Energy Recovery 6.26 kg
Capacity Utilization 61% Weight to Landfill 35.01 kg
Distance to Recycling 50 km
A5: Installation in the Building Distance to Energy Recovery 100 km
Parameter Value per functional unit Distance to Landfill 50 km
Packaging Waste Produced 2.18 kg
Life Cycle Stages
The results are provided according to the following life cycle modules:
Module Description Module Description Module Description
Product Stage: Raw Material
A1 B1 Use Stage: Use C1 EOL: Deconstruction
Supply
A2 Product Stage: Transport B2 Use Stage: Maintenance C2 EOL: Transport
A3 Product Stage: Manufacturing B3 Use Stage: Repair C3 EOL: Waste Processing
Construction Process Stage:
A4 B4 Use Stage: Replacement C4 EOL: Disposal
Transport
Construction Process Stage:
A5 B5 Use Stage: Refurbishment D Benefits beyond system
Installation
B6 Operational Energy Use
B7 Operational Water Use
Ratio Desk with Screen| 6
Environmental Product Declaration
Ratio® Desk with Screen
LCA Results – United Kingdom Production
CML Results – United Kingdom Production – 1 m2 of workspace maintained for 10 Years
Impact Category A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
ADP-elements [kg Sb eq] 3.59E-03 1.08E-07 3.59E-05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.14E-07 0.00E+00 1.88E-07 -2.03E-03
ADP-fossil fuel [MJ] 1.29E+03 8.08E+00 1.34E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.01E+01 0.00E+00 3.26E+01 -5.26E+01
AP [kg SO2 eq] 4.71E-01 1.37E-03 4.88E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.58E-03 0.00E+00 1.35E-02 -1.65E-02
EP [kg Phosphate eq] 4.21E-02 3.68E-04 7.57E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.09E-04 0.00E+00 3.28E-02 -2.30E-03
GWP [kg CO2 eq] 5.00E+01 6.27E-01 1.03E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.77E-01 0.00E+00 5.13E+01 -4.14E+00
ODP [kg CFC 11 eq] 1.08E-06 6.73E-17 1.08E-08 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.05E-16 0.00E+00 7.70E-15 -2.61E-13
POCP [kg Ethene eq] 3.94E-02 -4.54E-04 4.86E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -5.05E-04 0.00E+00 1.02E-02 -1.54E-03
ADP=Abiotic Depletion Potential; AP=Acidification Potential; EP=Eutrophication Potential; GWP=Global Warming Potential; ODP=Ozone Depletion Potential; POCP=Photochemical ozone creation potential
Resource Use and Waste – United Kingdom Production – 1 m2 of workspace maintained for 10 Years
Impact Category A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
RPRE [MJ] 8.17E+02 3.72E-01 8.20E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.23E-01 0.00E+00 2.51E+00 -3.25E+01
RPRM [MJ] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
RPRT [MJ] 8.17E+02 3.72E-01 8.20E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.23E-01 0.00E+00 2.51E+00 -3.25E+01
NRPRE [MJ] 1.52E+03 8.94E+00 1.58E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+01 0.00E+00 3.72E+01 -7.10E+01
NRPRM [MJ] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
NRPRT [MJ] 1.52E+03 8.94E+00 1.58E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.10E+01 0.00E+00 3.72E+01 -7.10E+01
SM [kg] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
RSF [MJ] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
NRSF [MJ] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
FW [m3] 6.51E-01 1.67E-03 6.84E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.68E-03 0.00E+00 2.91E-02 -2.86E-02
HWD [kg] 2.05E-05 1.54E-07 2.10E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.54E-07 0.00E+00 1.23E-07 -5.41E-08
NHWD [kg] 1.01E+01 6.24E-04 3.73E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.57E-04 0.00E+00 2.72E+01 -2.35E-01
RWD [kg] 5.61E-02 1.61E-05 5.66E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.94E-05 0.00E+00 5.22E-04 -4.31E-03
CRU [kg] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
MFR [kg] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
MER [kg] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
EE [MJ] 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
RPRE=Renewable Primary Energy from Non-Materials; RPRM =Renewable Primary Energy from Materials; RPR T =Total Renewable Primary Energy; NRPR E=Non-Renewable Primary Energy from Non-Materials; NRPRM =Non-Renewable Primary
Energy from Materials; NRPR T =Total Non-Renewable Primary Energy; SM=Use of Secondary Materials; RSF=Use of Renewable Secondary Fuels; NRSF=Use of Non-Renewable Secondary Fuels; FW=Net Use of Fresh Water; HWD=Hazardous
Waste Disposed; NHWD=Non-Hazardous Waste Disposed; RWD=Radioactive Waste Disposed; CRU=Components for Reuse; MFR=Materials for Recycling; MER=Materials for Energy Recovery; EE=Exported Energy
Ratio Desk with Screen| 7
