Monitoring and
Evaluation of Extension
Project/Program
Introduction
▰ Did you try to evaluate your own
output or Activity?
▰ If yes, how??
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of this unit, you are able to;
Ø Determine the scope of evaluation;
Ø Criteria in Effective Evaluation;
Ø Important Elements & Types of Evaluation; and
Ø Major Objectives & Steps & Significance of
Evaluation.
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1
Monitoring & Evaluation
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Definitions
▰ Monitoring
- assess wether the project inputs are delivered
and used in intended with effect.
- it keeps track of the projects and progress.
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Definitions
▰ Monitoring Survey
- conducted early in the season
-to generate information
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Definitions
▰ Monitoring cum Evaluation Survey
- an extension of the monitoring survey
- a second round of monitoring information
- provides data on the yield of the major crops
- changes in the variables may offer opportunity
to provide management and shows impact
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Definitions
▰ Program Evaluation
- last phase in extension programme managament.
-to measure the extent achievement of the fixed
objectives.
-Indicate; progress, effective/strong, and
weekpoints.
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Definitions
▰ Program Evaluation
- last phase in extension programme managament.
-to measure the extent achievement of the fixed
objectives.
-Indicate; progress, effective/strong, and
weekpoints.
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Definitions
▰ Evaluation
- “ Valere” a latin word - to be strong/ VALIANT;
- determination of value, the strength or worth of
something (FORMAL/INFORMAL);
- process of assessing the degree of results;
- process of delineating, obtaining, and providing
useful information for judging alternatives;
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Definitions
▰ Evaluation
-process of determining the change in behaviour of
people;
-the process of decision making for adoption.
-helps to improve the skill of the Extension worker;
-a deliberate effort to measure or to find value of an
attribute;
- COMPARISON OF BEFORE & AFTER
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SCOPE OF EVALUATION
▰ Plans under Agriculture;
▰ Community Development;
▰ Irrigation;
▰ Rural Electrification;
▰ Rural Industries;
▰ Local works;
▰ Credit
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SCOPE OF EVALUATION
▰ Health;
▰ Family Planning;
▰ Housing;
▰ Education;
▰ Institutions;
▰ Cooperatives; and
▰ Social Policies.
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CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE E.
▰ Clearly defined objectives
- objectives are the ends against which movement
or achievement can be assessed.
▰ Valid Instruments of Measurements
- the device or instruments used for measuring the
extent to which a programme/project accomplish its aims
must be valid. 14
CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE E.
▰ Objectivity
- freedom from bias, personal prejudice, idiosyncrasies,
and purely individual judgement.
- one of the cardinal aims of evaluation (scientific and
accurate).
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CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE E.
▰ Reliability
- there is a need, not for mere evaluation.
-for greater use of scientific method in evaluation.
- THE ABSENCE OF RELIABILITY, EFFECTIVE
EVALUATION IS NOT ACHIEVED.
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CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE E.
▰ Accurate evidence of change
- an evaluation should bring to light any change that
indicates achievement of the programme.
- 2 Appraisal: Earlier or Later point.
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CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE E.
▰ Practicability
- consider the resources available for evaluation and
the limitations of other resources.
- Availability of time and money- most important factor.
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IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF EVALUATION
PROCESS
1. Observation of collecting some information;
2. Apllying some standards or criteria to our
observations;
3. Finally, forming some judgement, drawing some
conclusions or making some decisions.
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Extension Evaluation is endless process.
• Extension works involves- conscious, inconscious
appraisal of progress and effectiveness.
• It is difficult to use systematic approach at every
stage and at all times.
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Formal and Informal Evaluation
- 5 points continuum of degree of evaluation.
Degrees evaluation
1 2 3 4 5
Casual Self - Do-it yourself Extension Scientific
Everyday checking Evaluations studies Research
Evaluation Evaluations
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
Informal Evaluation
• Casual everyday evaluation
- We make a value of judgement everyday.
Example:
- A good meal;
-Best show I ever saw;
-One of the worst speeches I ever heard; 22
TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Limitations
- personal ideas used instead of standard
measurements.
-Intution and personal bias cannot be
eliminated.
-No systematic plan for arriving at conclusions.
-May have only part of the information. 23
TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Self -checking evaluation
- a concious attempt in applying principles of
evaluation.
Example: checking on ordinar observations,talking
with others, getting other people’s judgement.
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Do it yourself evaluation
- a careful planning, apply principles of
evaluation and systematically done.
- requires survey and score cards.
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Extension studies
- complex, and use scientific approach.
Example: Scientific research
- experimental studies ( cause & effect )
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Scientific Research
- experimental studies
ü Factual or valid
ü Analytical - analyse the relatioship of various
factors.
ü Reliable - sample represetives of populations;
consistency of results.
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
ü Objective- free from bias
ü Impartial - approach with an open mind and spirit
of enquiry.n
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
• Formative and Summative Evaluation
Formative Evaluation- assess the demerits of
programmes during the implementation stage.
Summative Evaluation- assess the worth of the final
results of the programme.
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TYPES OF EVALUATION
• On-going and Ex-post Facto Evaluation
On-going Evaluation- undertaken during/running the
programme.
Ex-post Facto- after the programme is totally
implemented or final evaluation.
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MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF EVALUATION
• To help in the understanding study of factors that
make for success or failure.
• To induce workers to examine their objectives
critically.
• To help the workers to have a clear idea of the
purpose of programmes.
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MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF EVALUATION
• To help the workers to examine the entire
programme in terms of their objectives.
• To help the workers to examine strong and weak
points of their programmes.
• To help the workers to limit objectives to those
they can actually accomplish.
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MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF EVALUATION
• To increase confidence in the programme, both in
the workers and the rural people.
• To help the workers determine how far their plans
have progressed and objectives achieved,
psychological satisfaction, confidence and
security.
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MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF EVALUATION
• To compare the value of achievements of the
programme with costs.
• To bring to light, for acknowledge and action the
changes that are not easily observable and
requires precise method of measurement.
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MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF EVALUATION
• To facilitate the presentation of result to gain
public support.
• To provide a means of testing the methods,
approaches and techniques used in the
programme.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF EVALUATION
• Evaluation is essential to understand the
importance o each programme so that number of
valuable programmes can be increased.
• Evaluation measures all the good and week
reasons of programme, like that it helps in
strenthening the programme.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF EVALUATION
• Timely evalaution of any programme is essential to
ensure its success and eliminate weak points.
• To use appropriate teaching methods for achieving
targeted goals so that teaching process may
proceed properly.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF EVALUATION
• To find out wether goal is being achieved or not. If
not then find the reasons of mistakes and remove
them.
• To make data available for execution of
programme so that programme can run smoothly.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF EVALUATION
• Evaluator may obtain self confidence and
satisfaction by the evaluation.
• Evaluation may reduce the expenditure of the
programme.
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STEPS IN EVALUATION
• Formulate Overall Objectives
• Clarity of Objectives and Make them Specific
• Identify Indicators/Types of Evidence
• Develop techniques and methods of
measurements
• Consider and decide on the Design of the
Evaluation
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STEPS IN EVALUATION
• Decide on what data are necessary to obtain
evidence
• Select samples and collect data
• Organize and Analyze data and Interpret Results
• Reporting the Results of the Evaluation.
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End of my Presentation!
Any questions?
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