1.
General Knowledge MiCrocontroller(2 marks)
2. Theory 8051, Arduino Board(2 marks)
3. part 8051(3 mark)
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
4. Practical part Arduino( 3 marks)
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Ôn Tập
I. General Knowledge about Mcontroller
- An embedded system is a system in which a
processor/microcontroller/computer is embedded to perform a specific task or
tasks
-A Microcontroller (MCU) is compact computing system that integrates:
+ CPU( central processing unit)
+ RAM, ROM/Flash (Memory)
+ I/O ports (Input/Output interface)
- Different between Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Feature
Microprocessor Microcontroller
Components CPU are stand alone, CPU, RAM, RAM, I/O and
RAM, ROM, I/O, timer timer are all a single chip
are separate
flexibility High, easy to expand Limited expandability
Application Computer, large systems Embedded systems (IoT,
automotive, electronics
2. Popular Microcontroller Families
8051 Microcontroller
CISC architecture (Complex Instruction Set Computing)
8-bit, developed by Intel
Features Flash memory, SRAM, EEPROM
Widely used in industrial and educational applications
AVR Microcontroller (Atmel)
RISC architecture (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) for optimized
speed
Used in Arduino, supports easy programming
On-chip memory: Flash (8KB+), SRAM, EEPROM
Integrated ADC, UART, SPI, PWM, Timers
PIC Microcontroller (Microchip)
Harvard architecture, RISC-based instruction set
Low power consumption, ideal for IoT and automation
Types:
o Base-line PIC (Basic)
o Mid-range PIC (Intermediate)
o Enhanced Mid-range PIC (Advanced)
o PIC18 (High-performance)
ARM Microcontroller
32-bit RISC architecture, one of the most powerful and widely used
MCUs
Applications: Automotive, smartphones, complex embedded systems
Categories: Cortex-M (embedded), Cortex-A (high performance),
Cortex-R (real-time applications)
3. Embedded Systems & Applications
Microcontrollers are widely used in embedded systems, which are dedicated
devices with fixed control software.
Real-World Applications:
Automotive: Engine control, ABS, airbag systems
Medical devices: Heart rate monitors, pacemakers
IoT & Smart Home: Sensors, automation devices
Consumer Electronics: Air conditioners, TVs, microwaves
4. Memory in Microcontrollers
Types of Memory
Flash Memory: Stores program code (reprogrammable ROM)
SRAM: Temporary storage for running processes
EEPROM: Stores data that remains after power loss
II. General Knowledge about 8051 and
arduino board
1. 8051 board:
- 4KB ROM
- 128 byte RAM
- Four 8-bit I/O ports
-Two 16-bit timers
- Serial interface
- 64KB external code memory space
- 64KB external data memory space
2. Pins (40pins)
a. P0
A dual – purpose port on pins 32 – 39
A general purpose I/O port
A multiplexed address and data bus
b. P1
A I/O port on pins 1-8
c. P2
pins 21 – 28
serving as general purpose I/O or as the high byte of the
address buss
d. P3
a general – purpose I/O on pins 10 – 17
each pin has a special feature
e. XTAL1 and XTAL2
f. EA ( external Access) 31
EA = 0: Programs execute from external memory
EA =1: Program executes from internal memory
h. PSEN ( Program Store Enable ) pins 29
Enable external program memory
It usual connects to Output Enable pin (OE) of EEPROM
g. ALE 30 ( Address Latch Enable )
demultiplexing the address and data bus.
j. RST ( Reset ) pin 9
Pin 9 is the master reset for the 8051
When RST =1 ( least two machine cycles), register=00H
P0, P1,P2,P3 = FFH (logic 1)
SP = 07H
PC = 0000H
K. Vcc – Pin 40
Volt supply for 8051
+5V
L. GND: Ground pin 20
P1: 1-8
RST: 9
P3: 10 -17
XTAL1(19) & XTAL2(18)
GND: 20
P2: 21 – 28
PSEN: 29
ALE: 30
EA: 31
P0: 32 – 39
VCC: 40
