Name - Aishwarya Sharma
Roll No. - 160
Course - BA English (Honours)
Subject - VAC- Tribes of India
Assignment - Report on Visit to Surajkund Mela
From Chaniya Choli to Madhubani: the Art and Style of Interconnectedness
of Tribal Life in India
1. Madhubani Art Style:
Madhubani art, also known as Mithila painting, is a traditional art form that
originates from the Mithila region of Bihar, India, and parts of Nepal. While
today it is widely celebrated as a folk art, its origins are deeply rooted in rural
and tribal traditions, especially practiced by
women from marginalized and indigenous
communities. This vibrant art style was
historically done on the walls and floors of mud
huts using natural dyes and pigments made from
plants, soot, and cow dung. It was primarily
created by women during festivals, weddings,
and religious ceremonies as a way of expressing
devotion and celebration. Over time, the art form
has evolved onto paper, cloth, and canvas, and
even mud-made utensils, yet it retains its rich
traditional essence. Though Madhubani art is not
confined to a single tribe, it is closely associated
with various caste and tribal groups in the region,
including Brahmins, Kayasthas, and Dalits like
the Dusadhs. Each community developed its own
distinctive style within the broader Madhubani
tradition. For instance, the Brahmins and Kayasthas often depicted Hindu
deities and mythological scenes, while the Dusadh community created the
"Godna" or tattoo style, incorporating tribal symbols, nature, and geometric
patterns. The themes in Madhubani paintings reflect a deep connection to nature
and spirituality. Common motifs include peacocks, fish, lotus flowers, the sun,
and sacred symbols, often painted with symmetrical precision. These artworks
are not just decorative; they convey cultural stories, values, and beliefs passed
down through generations. Today, Madhubani art has gained national and
international recognition, becoming a source of livelihood for many rural and
tribal women. Government and non-profit initiatives have helped promote the
art form globally, turning it into a symbol of India’s rich cultural and tribal
heritage. In essence, Madhubani art is much more than a visual tradition—it is a
living expression of the identity, creativity, and resilience of India’s rural and
tribal communities.
2. Chaniya Choli
The chaniya choli is a traditional attire deeply rooted in the tribal and folk
cultures of western India, particularly in regions like Gujarat, Rajasthan, and
parts of Madhya Pradesh. This vibrant outfit, often worn by women during
festivals like Navratri, has strong ties to the
tribal communities of these areas, including the
Rabari and Banjara tribes. The attire typically
consists of a chaniya (a flared, embroidered
skirt), a choli (a fitted blouse), and an odhani or
dupatta (a draped scarf). The chaniya choli is
not just a garment but an expression of cultural
identity, skill, and artistry. Among the tribes,
the Rabari women of Gujarat are particularly
known for their intricate mirror work,
patchwork, and embroidery, which adorn their
chaniya cholis. These designs often feature
bright colors like red, yellow, and green, with
mirrors and beads sewn into the fabric to reflect
light and add texture. The Banjara tribe, another
nomadic community, is also associated with the
chaniya choli, where their style often
incorporates shells, beads, and bold, geometric
patterns, reflecting their nomadic lifestyle and vibrant culture. The chaniya choli
has evolved beyond tribal life and become a symbol of celebration, especially
during Garba and Dandiya dances performed during Navratri. While modern
versions of the chaniya choli are crafted using a variety of materials, the tribal
influence is still evident in the embroidery techniques, patterns, and cultural
significance of the garment. Today, the chaniya choli represents more than just a
traditional outfit; it is a living expression of the artistry and heritage of the tribal
communities in western India.
