Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Herbal Face Pack Using Ayurvedic Powders For Gleaming and Healthy Skin
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Herbal Face Pack Using Ayurvedic Powders For Gleaming and Healthy Skin
Research Article
Methi powder Repairs damaged skin moisture on the skin                                       MATERIALS AND METHODS
Acne healing, moisturizes the skin, anti-aging effect.
                                                                                             The crude drug required in our project was procured from
Orange peel heals blackheads, the accumulation of cells
                                                                                             nearby Ayurvedic Medical shop. All ingredients were
around the pores brightens your face, dark circles, dry skin,
                                                                                             washed, dried, powdered finely for further use. The
eliminates tanning. Green tea many scientists believe that
                                                                                             following ingredients were used for the preparation of the
free radicals contribute to the aging process. The
                                                                                             herbal face pack formulation.11
polyphenols in green tea help fight aging. Makes your skin
look younger and better.7, 8 Aloe Vera is used as an                                         Sandal Wood Powder (Santalum Alba): Sandal wood has
ornamental plant as well as for herbal medicines. Aloe                                       an anti-tanning and anti-aging property. Sandalwood
Vera is valuable for skin disorders. Provides a feeling of                                   protects the skin against the impact of environmental
freshness and nourishes skin cells. It is also a good                                        pollution and keep the skin cool, fair and healthy.
moisturizer for the skin. In cosmetology, Aloe vera                                          Sandalwood is helpful Ayurvedic herb with antimicrobial
specifically addresses the problem of pigmentation,                                          properties is used for healing various skin problems and
rashes, itching, blisters, skin aging, sunburn and pimples. It                               removes scars. Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees
contains almost 20 amino acids, minerals, vitamins,                                          in the genus Santalum. The woods are heavy, yellow, and
polysaccharides and many other nutrients that make it a                                      fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods,
wonderful beauty herb.9                                                                      retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is
                                                                                             extracted from the woods for use.12
Benefits of Face Pack: 10
• Moisturizes and hydrate the skin, herbal face packs
  supply essential antibacterial properties to skin.
• Face packs remove dead cells of skin and provide a
  calming and relaxing effect on skin.
• It helps to reduce acne, pimple, scars and marks
  depending on its herbal ingredients.
• Usually Neem and Tulsi face masks help reduce the
  development of acne and pimples.
• Facial masks recommended for acne, pimples and                                                                  Figure 2: Sandal Wood Powder
  blackheads generally control the excessive release of                                      Orange Peel Powder (Citrus Aurantium linn): Orange peel
  sebum from the sebaceous glands and eliminate                                              powder contains Vitamin C which helps to form collagen
  harmful bacteria inside the skin.                                                          and elastin which is the secret to beautiful skin. It makes
• The scars and marks of skin can be reduced by adding                                       your skin look youthful and bright. It improves oily skin and
  fine powder of sandal, rose petals and orange peel                                         makes the skin soft, smooth and firm. It helps unclog pores
  power with acne face pack.                                                                 and reduces blackheads. It reduces pigmentation, acne,
                                                                                             marks, and scars on the face. It helps even and lightens the
Precautions to be taken while applying face pack: 10                                         skin tone. It works as a natural cleanser, astringent, scrub,
• The face mask should not be left on the face for more                                      moisturizer and toner. It contains antioxidants which slow
  than15 to 20 min.                                                                          down wrinkles, sagging and skin aging. It helps reduce
                                                                                             inflammation and shrinks pores. It gives off a rejuvenating
• It can be stored for a long time leads to the formation                                    scent which when added to water for a bath keeps you
  of wrinkles, sagging skin and expansion of open pores.                                     feeling fresh for hours.13
• Apply the face mask once a week.
• Do not try to peel or dry itchy face pack. It can hurt
  underlying skin.
• Do not rub the face vigorously.
• This can lead to rash from pimples and brown spots.
• Stay away from warm up when applying the face mask.
•   Avoid applying a face mask near the "eye area".
• The skin the eye area is very sensitive.
• The removal process the face mask can damage the skin
                                                                                                                   Figure 3: Orange Peel Powder
  around the eyes.
Green Tea (Cameliasinensis leaves and bud): Green tea is                                     Aloe Barbadensis has anti-microbial property rendering it
touted to be one of the healthiest beverages on the planet.                                  ideal to deal with acne and pimples. Aloe Vera is a great
It’s loaded with antioxidants that have many health                                          moisturizer intended for a skin. Aloe Vera powder contains
benefits. Tea is rich in polyphenols, which are natural                                      several nutrients like glycerine, sodium palmate, sodium
compounds that have health benefits, such as reducing                                        carbonate, sodium palm kemelate, sorbital. You can use
inflammation and helping to fight cancer. Contains healthy                                   aloe Vera to keep your skin clear and hydrated. This may
bioactive compounds. Green tea does more than just keep                                      be because the plant thrives in dry, unstable climates. To
you alert; it may also help boost brain function. Increases                                  survive the harsh conditions, the plant’s leaves store
fat burning. Antioxidants may lower the risk of some                                         water. These water-dense leaves, combined with special
cancers. May protect the brain from aging and reduce bad                                     plant compounds called complex carbohydrates, make it
breath. May help to prevent cardiovascular disease. May                                      an effective face moisturizer and pain reliever.15
help you lose weight. May help you live longer.14
                                                                                                                             Figure 7: Haridra
                                                                                             Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenumgraecum): Fenugreek
                Figure 5: Raktachandan Powder                                                powder is a powerhouse of numerous health-promoting
                                                                                             nutrients like dietary fibre, protein, vitamin B1, B2, B3 and
Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis): Aloe Vera is a great                                           C, zinc, iron. Fenugreek is taken by mouth for digestive
moisturizer intended for a skin. Aloe Vera rejuvenates skin,                                 problems such as loss of appetite, upset stomach,
hydrates this and keeps skin layer looking fresh all the                                     constipation, inflammation of the stomach (gastritis).
time. Aloe Vera has anti-microbial property rendering it                                     Fenugreek is also used for diabetes, painful menstruation,
ideal to deal with acne and pimples. Aloe Vera powder                                        polycystic ovary syndrome, Improve milk production and
contains several nutrients like glycerine, sodium palmate,                                   flow. Improve weight loss. Raise testosterone and boost
sodium carbonate, sodium palm kemelate, sorbitol, etc.
sperm count. Reduce inflammation. Reduce the risk of                                         Evaluation of Face Pack:
heart and blood pressure conditions.16
                                                                                             A. Organoleptic Properties:
                                                                                             Organoleptic properties include its nature, colour, odour,
                                                                                             texture, smoothness etc.
                                                                                             B. Physicochemical Properties:
                                                                                             Physicochemical properties were determined including the
                                                                                             pH, ash value, loss on drying, acid insoluble ash and water
                                                                                             soluble ash.18
                                                                                             1. pH: pH of the aqueous solution of formulation was
                                                                                             measured by pH meter .18
                                                                                             2. Ash Value: Ash value is a criterion to judge the identity
                      Figure 8: Methi Powder                                                 or purity of the crude drug. Inorganic salts such as
                                                                                             carbonates, phosphate, calcium, sodium, potassium are
Procedure of Face Pack Formulation: 17                                                       known as ash content.17 18 Place about 2-4g of the ground
➢ Weighing: All the required herbal powders for face                                         air-dried material, accurately weighed, in a previously
  pack preparation were accurately weighed individually                                      ignited and crucible (usually of platinum or silica). Spread
  by using digital balance. The quantity and compositions                                    the material in an even layer and ignite it by gradually
  are listed in Table No.1.                                                                  increasing the heat to 500-600°C until it is white, indicating
                                                                                             the absence of carbon. Cool in a desiccators and weigh. If
➢ Mixing: All these fine ingredients were mixed                                              carbon-free ash cannot be obtained in this manner, cool
  thoroughly by mixer to form a homogenous fine                                              the crucible and moisten the residue with about 2 ml of
  powder.                                                                                    water or a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate R. Dry
➢ Sieving: Then this fine powder was passed through                                          on a water-bath, then on a hot-plate and ignite to constant
  sieve, to get the sufficient quantity of fine powder.                                      weight. Allow the residue to cool in suitable desiccators for
                                                                                             30 minutes and then weigh without delay. Calculate the
➢ Collection and storage: The powder mixture was                                             content of total ash in mg per g of air-dried material.
  collected and store in suitable plastic container and
  used for doing evaluation parameters.                                                      3. Acid Insoluble Ash: Place about 2-4g of the ground air-
                                                                                             dried material, accurately weighed, in a previously ignited
Formulation Table:                                                                           and tarred crucible (usually of platinum or silica). Spread
       Table 1: Formulation Table of Herbal Face Pack                                        the material in an even layer and ignite it by gradually
                                                                                             increasing the heat to 500-600°C until it is white, indicating
 Sr.        Name of the Ingredients                        Batches of                        the absence of carbon. Cool in desiccators and weigh. If
 No.                                                    Herbal Face Pack                     carbon-free ash cannot be obtained in this manner, cool
                                                         F1         F2        F3             the crucible and moisten the residue with about 2 ml of
   1          Sandal Wood Powder                         20         20        20             water or a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate R. Dry
                                                                                             on a water-bath, then on a hot-plate and ignite to constant
   2          Orange Peel Powder                         10         10        10
                                                                                             weight. Allow the residue to cool in suitable desiccators for
   3               Green Tea                             10         10        10             30 minutes and then weigh without delay. 19 Calculate the
   4             Raktachandan                            10         10        10             content of total ash in mg per g of air-dried material.
   5              Aloe Powder                            10         10        10             4. Water Soluble Ash: To the crucible containing the total
   6                 Haridra                              5         10        15             ash, add 25 ml of water and boil for 5 minutes. Collect the
   7             Methi Powder                             5         10        15             insoluble matter in a sintered-glass crucible or on an ash
   8             Multani Mitti                           30         20        10             less filter-paper. Wash with hot water and ignite in a
                                                                                             crucible for 15 minutes at a temperature not exceeding
How to Apply Face Pack: 17                                                                   450°C. Subtract the weight of this residue in mg from the
• Take prepared face pack powder in a bowl as per the                                        weight of total ash. Calculate the content of water-soluble
  requirement.                                                                               ash in mg per g of air-dried material.18
• Add water or rose water to mix it well and apply over                                      5. Loss On Drying: A method commonly used for moisture
  the facial skin.                                                                           content determination is the loss-on-drying method, or
                                                                                             LOD. It is used to specify many major quality specifications.
• Cover the acne and blemishes spots.                                                        This is based on the thermo gravimetric principle, in which
                                                                                             a substance is heated until no more weight is lost, that is,
• Kept as it is for complete drying for 30 to 40 min.
                                                                                             it is completely dry. At the beginning and after dryness is
• Then wash the face with cold water.                                                        achieved, the weight of the substance is measured. The
final weight loss is calculated, and represents the moisture                                 edema, was checked if any for regular intervals up to 24
content of the sample. A variety of techniques is used to                                    hrs and reported.18
bring about vaporization of moisture, including a drying
                                                                                             E. Microbial Assay:
oven heated by gas, which works on convection, and ovens
which work by infrared or microwave radiation.                                               The antibacterial activities of different formulations were
                                                                                             determined by modified agar well diffusion method. In this
C. General Powder Properties:
                                                                                             method, nutrient agar plates were seeded with 0.2 ml of
It includes tapped density, bulk density, angle of repose,                                   24 h broth culture of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas
hausner's ratio, Carr's index.                                                               aeruginosa causative organism for acne vulgaris. The agar
                                                                                             plates were allowed to solidify. A sterile 8 mm borer was
1. Tapped Density: Tapped density is an increased bulk
                                                                                             used to cut wells of equidistance in each of the plates. 0.5
density attained after mechanically tapping a container
                                                                                             ml of formulations, herbal extracts were introduced into
containing the powder sample. After observing the initial
                                                                                             the wells at randomly. The plates were incubated at 37ᵒC
powder volume or mass, the measuring cylinder or vessel
                                                                                             for 24 hours. The antibacterial activities were evaluated by
is mechanically tapped for 1 min and volume or mass
                                                                                             measuring the zones of inhibition (in mm). 18, 19.
readings are taken until little further volume or mass
change was observed. It was expressed in grams per cubic                                     RESULT AND DISCUSSION
centimetre (g/cm3).18
                                                                                             Three formulations of herbal face pack containing
2. Bulk Density: Bulk Density is the ratio between the given                                 variation in their composition were prepared, evaluated
mass of a powder and its bulk volume. Required amount of                                     and studied its different properties and characteristics.
the powder is dried and filled in a 50 ml measuring cylinder
                                                                                             A. Organoleptic Properties: Appearance, colour, odour,
up to 50 ml mark. Then the cylinder is dropped onto a hard
                                                                                             texture, smoothness was observed as shown in Table 2.
wood surface from a height of 1 inch at 2 second intervals.
The volume of the powder is measured. Then the powder                                             Table 2: Organoleptic Properties of Herbal Face Pack
is weighed. This is repeated to get average values. The Bulk
                                                                                                Sr.       Organoleptic                            Observation
Density is calculated by using the below given formula.20
                                                                                                No.        Properties                 F1               F2                 F3
                  Bulk Density = Volume/Mass
                                                                                                 1             Nature              Powder            Powder            Powder
3. Angle of Repose: It is defined as the maximum angle                                           2             Colour                Light           Creamy           Yellowish
possible in between the surface of pile of powder to the                                                                           Creamy                              Creamy
horizontal flow. It required amount of dried powder is
                                                                                                 3             Odour               Pleasant         Pleasant          Pleasant
placed in a cylindrical tube open at both ends is placed on
a horizontal surface. Then the funnel should be raised to                                        4            Texture                Fine,            Fine,             Fine,
form a heap. The height and radius of the heap is noted                                                                            Smooth           Smooth             Smooth
and recorded. For the above method, the angle of repose                                          5        Smoothness               Smooth           Smooth             Smooth
(θ) Can be calculated by using the formula.18
                                                                                             B. Physicochemical Evaluation: Ash values, pH, LOD, acid
                             θ = tan-1 (h / r)                                               insoluble ash, water soluble ash of all three batches of
                                                                                             formulations were calculated and those calculations are as
                   Where, θ – Angle of repose,
                                                                                             shown in Table 3.
                       h – Height of the heap,
                                                                                               Table 3: Physicochemical Properties of Herbal Face Pack
                       r – Radius of the base.
                                                                                                Sr.        Physicochemical                            Observation
4. Hausner’s Ratio: It is expressed as the tap density                                          No.          Properties                      F1              F2             F3
divided by the bulk density.19
                                                                                                 1           Ash Value                    2.5gm           2.9gm          1.9gm
5. Carr's Index: - Carr's index is an indication of                                              2               pH                         7.8             7.12           7.6
compressibility of powder.
                                                                                                 3              LOD                       4.01gm          3.53gm         3.35gm
6. Washability: This is the common method for checking                                           4       Acid Insoluble Ash               0.8gm           0.83gm         0.77gm
the washability of the formulation. The formulation was
                                                                                                 5       Water Soluble Ash                0.98gm          1.23gm         1.1gm
applied on the skin and then ease and extent of washing
with water were checked manually by using 1 liter of water                                   C. General Powder Characteristics: Various characteristics
is used to remove all content of the formulation were                                        of formulations like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped
applied on the surface.17                                                                    density, Carr’s index, hausner’s ratio, wash ability,
D. Irritancy Test:                                                                           grittiness and nature of face after wash were performed
                                                                                             and results are as shown in Table No.4 which are desirable
Mark an area (1sq.cm) on the left-hand dorsal surface.                                       as cosmetics face packs.
Definite quantities of prepared face packs were applied to
the specified area and time was noted. Irritancy, erythema,
D. Irritancy Test: In all three batches irritancy, erythema,                                Source of Support: The author(s) received no financial
edema was checked. The formulations are safe for the use                                    support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of
of the human skin.                                                                          this article
          Table 5: Irritancy Test of Herbal Face Pack                                       Conflict of Interest: The author(s) declared no potential
                                                                                            conflicts of interest with respect to the research,
          Sr. No.       Parameters                  Observation                             authorship, and/or publication of this article.
                                                 F1        F2         F3
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