Scribd
Upload
9 views1 page

Lecture 2 (Glissés) 3

The document discusses various levels of culture, including global, national, organizational, group, and individual levels, highlighting how cultural principles are exported and internalized. It outlines Schein's concept of culture, which includes artifacts, values, and assumptions, emphasizing the depth and complexity of cultural understanding. Additionally, it introduces Schwartz's taxonomy of individual values as guiding principles that apply across different situations.

Uploaded by

Victoria Smets
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views1 page

Lecture 2 (Glissés) 3

The document discusses various levels of culture, including global, national, organizational, group, and individual levels, highlighting how cultural principles are exported and internalized. It outlines Schein's concept of culture, which includes artifacts, values, and assumptions, emphasizing the depth and complexity of cultural understanding. Additionally, it introduces Schwartz's taxonomy of individual values as guiding principles that apply across different situations.

Uploaded by

Victoria Smets
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Global level — Globaliza/on has allowed economically

strong countries to (abempt to) export their own cultural


principles to other countries (e.g., freedom of choice,
individual rights, free market)

Na/onal level — Culture within a na/on state; received


most aben/on by researchers (e.g., Hofstede, GLOBE)

Organiza/onal level — Degree to which an organiza/on


emphasis certain aspect (e.g., hierarchy, innova/on, risk-
taking)

Group level — Shared values of a team (e.g., trust, performance norms, /me management)

Individual level — Internalized aspects of culture due to being exposed to different group,
organiza/onal or na/onal cultures

Schein’s concept of culture


Level 1 ‘ARTIFACTS’ – Visible structures and processes such as its architecture, furniture,
uniforms, technology, etc. in addi/on to non-tangible structures and processes like
vocabularies, stories, or rituals (e.g., role /tles, stories about failure or success, annual
Christmas party, …)

Level 2 ‘VALUES’ – Values of a company or society; visible on the surface and just below, i.e.,
partly conscious and partly unconscious (e.g., extraversion, conformity, power, tradi/on).

Level 3 ‘ASSUMPTIONS’ – Deeply rooted assump/ons, usually not visible, ohen unconscious,
and considered as self-evident (e.g., convic/ons about reality or truth, percep/ons of /me,
ideas about the nature of human rela/onships)

The majority of culture is immerged

Schwartz’s taxonomy of individual values


Values = trans-situa/onal goals, varying in importance, that serve as guiding principles in the
life of a person or group.
Inherent in Schwartz’s defini/on is the fact that values apply to various situa/ons and not only
to very specific ones.

You might also like