SO SÁNH (COMPARISONS)

* So sánh của tính từ và trạng từ

1. So sánh bằng
S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun
S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + as + N/Pronoun
Ví dụ:
She is as beautiful as her mother.
He doesn't run as/ so fast as Nam.
2. So sánh hơn, kém
Short Adj/adv: S + V + adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun
Long Adj/adv: S + V + more + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun (ss hơn)
S + V + less + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun (ss kém hơn)
Ví dụ:
He is taller than his brother.
Mr Nam speaks English more fluently than I do.
She visits her grandparents less frequently than he does.
Lưu ý:
- Đằng sau phó từ so sánh như than và as phải là đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ, không dùng
đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ
- Để nhấn mạnh cho tính từ và phó từ so sánh người ta dùng far hoặc much trước so sánh
hơn kém.
Ví dụ: This book is much more expensive than that one.
3. So sánh nhất / kém nhất
Short adj/ Adv: S + V + the + adj/adv +est + (N)
Long adj/ Adv: S + V + the most + adj/adv + (N) (ss nhất)
S + V + the least + adj/adv + (N) (ss kém nhất)Ví dụ:
John is the tallest boy in the class.
He is the most careful of the three brothers.
* Ta cũng có thể so sánh 2 thực thể (người hoặc vật) mà không sử dụng than. Trong
trường hợp này thành ngữ of the two sẽ được sử dụng trong câu (nó có thể đứng đầu
câu
và sau danh từ phải có dấu phẩy, hoặc đứng ở cuối.
S + V + the + comparative (hình thức so sánh hơn) + of theo two + (N)
hoặc
Of the two + (N), + S + V + the + comparative
Nam is the taller of the two boys.
Of the two shirts, this one is the shorter.
Ghi nhớ:
2 thực thể - so sánh hơn
3 thực thể trở lên - so sánh hơn nhất
4. So sánh đa bội
Là loại so sánh gấp rưỡi, gấp đôi, gấp 3. Nên nhớ rằng trong cấu trúc này không được
dùng so sánh hơn kém mà phải dùng so sánh bằng.
S + V + muliple numbers + as + much/many/adj/adv + (N) + as + N/pronoun
Multiple numbers: half/twice/3,4,5...times/Phân số/phần trăm.
Ví dụ: She types twice as fast as I do.
Lưu ý:
- Khi dùng so sánh loại này phải xác định rõ danh từ đó là đếm được hay không đếm
được vì đằng trước chúng có much và many.
5. So sánh kém
a. Cùng tính từ/ trạng từ
Short adj/adv: S + be + adj/adv + er + and + adj/adv + er
Long adj/adv: S + be + more and more + adj/adv
Ví dụ: It gets darker and darker. (Trời càng ngày càng tối.)b. Khác tính từ/ trạng từ
The + comparative (hình thức so sánh hơn) + S + V + the comparative + S + V
Ví dụ:
The hotter it is, the more uncomfortable I feel. (Trời càng nóng thì tôi càng cảm thấy
khó chịu hơn.)
The more you study, the better you will be. (Bạn càng chăm học thì bạn sẽ càng giỏi
hơn.)
Trong câu so sánh kép, nếu có một danh từ thì ta đặt danh từ ấy ngay phía trước chủ ngữ
Ví dụ: The more English words we know the better we speak.
* So sánh của danh từ
1/ So sánh hơn
S + V + more /fewer / less + N (s) + than + N/pronoun (fewer) + N đếm được số
nhiều; less + N không đếm được)
Ví dụ: He has more time to do the test than his friend.
Lan drinks less milk than her sister.
2/ So sánh nhất
S + V + the most / he fewest / the least + N(s)
Ví dụ: There are the fewest days in February.
3/So sánh ngang bằng
S + V + as + many / much / little / few + N + as + N /pronoun
Ví dụ:
I eat as much chocolate as my sister.
He earns as much money as his brother.
So sánh hợp lý
Khi so sánh nên nhớ rằng các mục từ dùng để so sánh phải tương đương với nhau về bản
chất ngữ pháp ( người với người, vật với vật). Do vậy 3 mục so sánh hợp lý sẽ là:
• sở hữu cách
 • that (cho số ít)• those (cho số nhiều)
Ví dụ:
John's car is more expensive than Mary's.
(Mary's = Mary's car)
Life in the city is more comfortable than that in the country. (that = life)
Students in the university are better than those in the college. (those = students)
EXERCISE:
Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau:
1.
Of the four shirts, which is__________expensive?
A. the best B. the most C. the more D. the greater
2.
The bigger the flat, the__________the rent is.
A. expensive B. more expensive
C. expensively D. most expensive
3.
The faster we walk,__________we will get there.
A. the soonest B. the soon C. the more soon D. the sooner
4.
These apples were __________ I could find in the supermarket"
A.cheapest B. cheapest ones
C.the cheapest ones D. the most cheapest
5.
She plays the guitar__________as her sister.
A. as beautifully B. more beautifully
C. as beautiful D. the most beautifully
6.
The streets are getting more and__________these days.
A. crowded B. less crowded
C. more crowded D. most crowded
7.
The bigger the city,__________ the crime rate.
A. highest B. higher C. the highest D. the higher
8.
You must explain your problems________.
A. as clear as you can B. as clearly as you canC. as clear than you are D. as clearly as you
are
9.
Nobody in this team plays________ Trung.
A. as good as B. so well C. as best as D. as well as
10.
Everyone says that Loan is __________.
A. smartest B. the smartest
C. more smarter D. The most smart
11.
Nam is__________.
A. lazier and lazier C. lazier and more lazy
B. lazier and more lazy D. more modern
12.
Computers are considered as_________ tools today.
A. much modern than B. the most modern
C. modem as D. more modern
13.
________the time passes,__________I feel
A. The faster / the nervous B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous D. The faster / the more nervous
14.
China is the country with __________ population.
A. the larger B. the more large
C. the largest D. the most large
15.
Mary was getting__________.
A. more angry and more B. the more angry
C. angrier and angrier D. the most angry
16.
For_________, he trusts her.
A. the better or the worse B. the good or the bad
C. good or bad D. better or worse.
17.
His father's illness was__________we thought at first.
A. more seriously as B. as seriously as
C more serious than D. as serious than
18.
My brother felt tired last night, so he went to bed__________usual.A. more earlier than
B. as early than
C. more earlier as D. earlier than
19.
Her house is__________mine.
A. twice as big as B. as twice big as
C. as two times big as D. as big as twice
20.
Today English is__________international language.
A. more B. most C the most D. the more
21.
Of all the candidates, Mary is probably__________
A. the less qualified B. the qualified less
C. the most little qualified D. the least qualified
22.
My father is__________age as hers.
A. as same B. the most same
C. the same D. more same
23.
More________90 per cent of the students passed the test.
A. of B. that C. then
D. than
24.
Of the two tables, the round one is__________
A. the nicest B. the nicer C. nicer
D. a nice one
25.
Going by motorbike isn't__________convenient as going by car.
A. so B. as C. more D. A & B are correct.
26.
This car is__________than mine.
A less expensive B. as expensive C. expensive D. not so expensive
27. The sooner, the________
A. better B. best C. good D. more good
28. He has__________money than his wife.
A. least B. fewer C. less D. fewest
29. _________all the cities I've visited, I like Nha Trang the best.
A. Of B. From C. Out D.With
30.
She is________her sister.A. much more good
B. much better than
C. much better
D. the best than
31. Mary is__________from other women I know.
A. different
B. as different
C. differs
D. more different
32. My new house has__________space than his.
A. a lot of B. many of C. more D. most
33. My school has__________teachers than yours.
A. few B. less C. the least D. fewer
34. The teacher speaks English__________we do.
A. fluently B. more fluently
C. most fluently D. more fluently than
35. Nam is much________I thought.
A. strong C. more strong
B. more fluently D. more fluently than
36.
What's the________film you've ever seen?
A. good B. best C. better D the best
37. It is the________accident in the history of the city.
A. badest B. most bad C. worse D. worst
38. Thank you! This's ________gift I have ever received.
A. the nicer B. a nice C. nicest D. the nicest
39.
Nga sings__________than this singer.
A. well B. better C. gooder D. more good
40.
My mother is________as yours.
A. old B. as old C. older D. so old