UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
LESSON 5: THE SEXUAL SELF
ORAL STAGE BIRTH TO 1 YEAR EROGENOUS ZONE: MOUTH
During the oral stage, the infant's primary source of interaction
occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is
especially important.
ANAL STAGE 1 TO 3 YEAR EROGENOUS ZONE: BOWEL AND BLADDER
CONTROL
During the anal stage, Freud believed that the primary focus of the
libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The
major conflict at this stage is toilet training—the child has to learn to
control their bodily needs.
PHALLIC STAGE 3 TO 6 YEAR EROGENOUS ZONE: GENITALS
Freud suggested that during the phallic stage, the primary focus of
The libido is on the genitals. At this age, children also begin to
discover the differences between males and females.
LATENT STAGE 6 TO PUBERTY LIBIDO INACTIVE
During this stage, the superego continues to develop while the id's
energies are suppressed. Children develop social skills, values,
and relationships with peers and adults outside of the family.
GENITAL STAGE PUBERTY TO DEATH MATURING SEXUAL INTERESTS
The onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again.
During the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual
develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex.
MALE ❖ Testis – is the most important part of the male reproductive
REPRODUCTIVE organ. It is the source of Spermatozoa (male germ cells)
SYSTEM
❖ Scrotum – it is a sac of skin where the two testes are enveloped;
directly below and outside of the abdomen.
❖ Prostate glands – it is a gland that carries out both urine and
seminal fluid. It is connected by sperm ducts from sperm ducts
joining into a single tube called the urethra. Urethra then leads to the
outside of the body through the penis.
❖ Penis – it is where the ejaculation occurs by sending sperm cells
from the testis and secreting them out.
❖ Sperm – It is a male gamete, one that is necessary for the egg to
develop and become a
baby.
Female Reproductive ❖ Ovary – It is a pair of small, oval organs that produces ova
System (ovum; female germ cells). Thousands of ova will mature and will be
taken up to the fallopian tube through the uterus by the time of
puberty.
❖ Fallopian Tube – are a pair of thin tubes that lead from ovaries to
the uterus.
❖ Uterus – (womb) is a hollow pear-shaped elastic muscular
structure where a fertilized ovum (zygote) develops into a baby.
❖ Vagina – It is a tube leading to the outside of the body
EROGENOUS ZONES Any part of the body can be an erogenous zone. Erogenous comes
from the Greek words “eros” (love) and “genous” (producing).
FEMALE • The breasts, and specifically the nipples
EROGENOUS ZONE • Mouth and lips
• Nape of the neck
• Buttocks
MALE EROGENOUS • The lips
ZONE • Inner thighs and lower abdomen/pubic area
• The nape of the neck
• The nipples
PHASES OF SEXUAL 1. EXCITEMENT
RESPONSE 2. PLATEAU
3. ORGASM
4. RESOLUTION
THE CHEMISTRY OF LUST: TESTOSTERONE, ESTROGEN
LUST, LOVE AND
ATTACHMENT ATTRACTION: DOPAMINE, NOREPINEPHRINE, SEROTONIN
ATTACHMENT: OXYTOCIN, VASOPRESSIN
LUST is driven by the desire for sexual gratification.
ATTRACTION seems to be a distinct, though closely related, phenomenon. While
we can certainly lust for someone we are attracted to, and vice
versa, one can happen without the other.
ATTACHMENT involves wanting to make a more lasting commitment to your loved
one.
DIVERSITY OF 1. GENDER IDENTITY
HUMAN SEXUALITY 2. GENDER EXPRESSION
BEHAVIOR 3. BIOLOGICAL SEX
4. SEXUAL ORIENTATION
SEXUALLY The term sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a
TRANSMITTED condition passed from one person to another through sexual
DISEASE contact.
FAMILY PLANNING Family Planning (FP) is having the desired number of children
AND RESPONSIBLE and when you want to have them by using safe and effective
PARENTHOOD modern methods.
NATURAL 1. ABSTINENCE
CONTRACEPTIVES 2. WITHDRAWAL OR COITUS INTERRUPTUS
OPTIONS 3. CALENDAR METHODS BASED ON CALCULATIONS OF
CYCLE LENGTH
METHODS BASED ON SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Ovulation Method, This method relies on daily self-examination for the detection
Billings Method, of the quantity and evaluation of the quality of cervical
Cervical Mucus secretions.
Method
Basal Body Women who use this method must chart their temperature
Temperature (BBT) every day, immediately after waking up and before getting out of
Method bed or drinking any liquids.
Sympto-Thermal This method combines several techniques to predict ovulation.
Method It typically includes monitoring and charting cervical mucus and
position and temperature changes on a daily basis and may include
other signs of ovulation, such as breast tenderness, back pain,
abdominal pain or "heaviness," or light intermenstrual bleeding.
Artificial Birth employs artificial control methods to help prevent unintended
Control pregnancy through the use of contemporary measures such as
contraceptives or birth control pills.
ORAL Series of pills that a woman takes once each day for a month. at
CONTRACEPTIVES the end of the month she starts a new package of pills
DEPO-PROVERA A method of birth control is given in the form of a shot. The shot
gives protection for up to 12 weeks.
Contraceptive Patch A method of birth control that is a small, thin, and smooth patch
and is put on a woman's skin.
Contraceptive Ring A method of birth control in the form of a soft ring that fits deep
inside the vagina.
Intrauterine Device A small device made of plastic. Some contain copper or a
(IUD) hormone. A clinician chooses the right type for a woman and inserts
it into her uterus.
Implanon Implanon is a small, thin, implantable hormonal contraceptive
that provides effective protection for up to three years.
Diaphragm/ Cervical A soft rubber barrier in a woman's vagina, used with a
Cap contraceptive cream or jelly.
The diaphragm can be put in the vagina 6 hours ahead of
intercourse, and left in or 24 hours. The cervical cap can be left
in her vagina for up to 48 hours.
Male Condoms It is a sheath of latex that a man can wear over his penis during
intercourse. The condom catches the semen that comes out of a
man's penis before, during, and after he ejaculates.
Female Condoms It is a loose-fitting sheath that fits inside the woman's vagina. It
catches the semen that comes out of a man’s penis when he
ejaculates.
LESSON 8: THE MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL SELF
MATERIAL SELF The material self, according to William James, pertains to the
objects, places, or even people which have the label “mine”.
James identified the ● Body parts are more private or intimately yours as
body as the compared to others.
innermost aspect of
the material self. ● Clothing the garments that protect as well as project your
body.
● Family they are connected to you by blood and you share
their glory as well as shame.
● Home is where many aspects of your life have been
developed, it is where you feel most comfortable, and it is
greatly linked to your identity.
● Possessions such as gadgets, cars, collections, etc.
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN WANTS
AND NEEDS
THE PRINCIPLES OF 1. BODY
PSYCHOLOGY 2. CLOTHES
3. IMMEDIATE FAMILY
4. HOME
SPIRITUAL SELF The spiritual self is one of the four constituents of the "self"
according to William James in his book, The Principles
of Psychology in 1890. The spiritual self is the most intimate,
inner subjective part of the self.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SOUL AND THE SPIRIT
SOUL Your soul speaks of your inner life in relation to your own
experience: your mind, heart, will and imagination, it also
includes your thoughts, desires, passions, and dreams.
SPIRIT Your spirit speaks of the same inner life in relation to God: your
faith, hope, love, character, and perseverance.
RELIGION Rebecca Stein (Stein 2011) works on the definition of religion "as a
set of cultural beliefs and practices that usually includes some or
all of the basic characteristics.
RITUAL Is the performance of ceremonial acts prescribed by a tradition or
sacred law (Britannica 2017). Ritual is a specific, observable mode
of behavior exhibited by all known societies.
WORLD RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
BUDDHISM Buddhism believes that life is not a bed of roses. Instead, there
is suffering, pain, and frustration. When people suffer, they want
to experience the goodness of life and avoid disappointments.
(TWO TYPES OF MEDITATION PRACTICES:)
Samantha is practiced as mindfulness of breathing and the
development of loving-kindness (Metta Bhavana)
Vipassana Practices aim at developing into reality
CHRISTIANITY Christians believe in a Trinitarian God. One God in three
personas: God the Father (Creator), God the Son (Savior), and
God the Holy - Spirit.
(CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES:)
The Sacrament of Baptism and Sacrament of Communion are
practiced by Christian churches.
HINDUISM Hindus believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death, and
rebirth, governed by Karma. Karma is a concept where the
reincarnated life will depend on how the past life was spent.
(CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES:)
Diwali, and Navrati are the most celebrated festivals of the
Hindus. Diwali is the Festival of Lights while Navratri is the festival
of nine nights, which celebrates the triumph of good over evil.
Hindus have set dates to honor particular manifestations of God.
ISLAM Muslims believe in Allah, who is their "One God." They believed
in the unity and universality of God. Muslims also have a strong
sense of community or "ummah" and an awareness of their
solidarity with all Muslims worldwide. Islam
ISLAM (CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES):
• Shahada - statement of faith: "There is no God
but the one true God and Mohammed is his
messenger."
• Salat - the prayer that is practiced five times a day.
• Zakat - the monetary offering for the benefit of the poor. It
comprises 2.5% of Muslim's assets.
• Hajj - the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslims who can afford
are asked to do the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime.
• Sawm - the fasting. Muslims do fasting from food, drink, and
sexual acts, during the celebration of Ramadan.
JUDAISM The Jews believe in the God of Abraham, the same God that
liberated the Hebrew slaves from Egypt to Canaan, the Promised
Land through the leadership of Moses and later, Joshua.
FIVE MAJOR FESTIVALS OBSERVED BY JEWS:
• Rosh Hashanah – New Year
• Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement
• Pesach – Passover
• Shavuot – Pentecost
• Sukkot – Tabernacles. The Jewish Sabbath begins on Friday
evening at sunset and is an important time when families gather for
the Shabbat meal.
FINDING AND CREATING MEANING OF LIFE
LOGOTHERAPY Is a psychotherapy introduced by Dr. Viktor Frankl, the Father of
Logotherapy. The main belief of this is that “man’s primary
motivational force is search for meaning.”
LESSON 7: THE POLITICAL AND DIGITAL SELF
FILIPINO The word Filipino has roots in Spanish colonization, more
specifically from “la Islas Filipinas” or "the Philippine Islands".
Filipino means the national language of the Philippines
POLITICS The English word "politics" derived from the Greek word and the
title of Aristotle's classic work politiká (Πολιτικά; affairs of the cities).
It is defined as
(1) the science of government; and
(2) the activities of a political party.
POLITICAL SELF The POLITICAL SELF is a result of various personal and
environmental factors that impact the individual.
WHO IS A FILIPINO Those who were citizens of the Philippines at the time of the
adoption of this Constitution.
Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority;
Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
FILIPINO TRAITS ● A Filipino Hospitality
AND VALUES ● Respect for Elders
● Cheerful Personality
● Self-sacrifice
● Bayanihan
● “Bahala Na” Culture
● Colonial Mentality
● Mañana Habit
● Ningas Kugon
● Pride
● Crab Mentality
● Filipino Time
FILIPINO MARKERS 1. Proverbs or Salawikain
2. Superstitions
3. Myth and legends
4. Heroes and icons
HOW TO BE A GOOD ● STUDY PHILIPPINE HISTORY
FILIPINO ● SUPPORT LOCAL PRODUCTS
● BE AN ACTIVE AND RESPONSIBLE CITIZEN
● SPEAK THE FILIPINO LANGUAGE
DIGITAL SELF
DIGITAL SELF The digital self is the aspect of the self that is expressed with
others through online interactions on the Internet, specifically
in social networking sites.
SELF Is the process of controlling how one is perceived by other people.
PRESENTATION
ONLINE GUIDELINES ➢ Stick to safer websites
➢ Guard your passwords
➢ Limit what you share
➢ Remember that anything you put online is there
forever, even if you try to delete it
➢ Do not embarrass or be mean with other people online
➢ Always tell if you see strange or bad behavior online
➢ Be choosy about your online friends
➢ Be patient
DATA PRIVACY ACT To protect the people from invasion of privacy, Republic Act 10173,
otherwise known as the Data Privacy.
LESSON 8: MANAGING AND CARING FOR THE SELF
METACOGNITION is commonly defined as “thinking about thinking” (Livingston,
1997; Papaleontiou- Louca 2003). It is the awareness of the scope
and limitations of your current knowledge and skills
(Meichenbaum, 1995 in American Institutes for Research 2010).
TWO ASPECTS OF 1. Self-appraisal and;
METACOGNITION 2. Self-management of cognition
SKILLS IN 1. know your limits
EXERCISING 2. modifying your approach
METACOGNITION 3. skimming
4. rehearsing
5. self-test
SELF-EFFICACY Self-efficacy theory is commonly defined as the belief in one’s
capabilities to achieve a goal or an outcome.
THEORETICAL ● Mastery Experiences
CONSTRUCT ● Vicarious Experiences
● Verbal/Social Persuasion
● Emotional and Physical Experiences
MINDSET THEORY Fixed Mindset (before termed as entity mindset) is an innate or
in-born personality of a person, who you are, or how God made you
on the other hand Growth Mindset (or the incremental mindset),
where people believe that training and effort to learn can change
one’s qualities and traits.
GOAL SETTING Goal Setting Theory states that there is a relationship between
THEORY how difficult and specific a goal is and the people’s
performance task.
FIVE PRINCIPLES OF 1. Clarity. A goal must be specific and clear.
GOAL SETTING
2. Challenge. An easy or tedious goal is demotivating. But keep a
realistic
balance: don’t expect anyone on your team to spin straw into gold.
3. Commitment. Your employees have to understand and buy into
the goal
from the outset.
4. Feedback. Provide regular feedback throughout the whole
process. This
helps to keep the goal on track.
5. Task complexity. Think about realistic timescales and break
down the process into subgoals with regular reviews.
SELF-CARE Self-care is defined as engaging in activities and behaviors
that have a positive effect on one’s mental and physical
health (Greene, 2017)
5 DOMAINS TO ● Physical Self-care
ENSURE SELF-CARE ● Social Self-care
● Mental Self-care
● Spiritual Self-care
● Emotional Self-care
