Module 4 of the CompTIA Security+ Certification SY0-601 training focuses on securing an environment through various mitigation techniques, including firewall rules, data loss prevention, and email content filtering. It emphasizes the importance of endpoint mitigation strategies like application whitelisting and patch management, as well as the role of security automation and SOAR solutions in managing security operations. The module outlines methods for isolating devices and restricting access to enhance overall security posture.