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PHARMACOLOGY IMP
Examples of drugs contraindicated in the following conditions:
1. Angina: Adrenaline, isoprenaline, phentolamine, ,α1 selective blockers, selective COX-2 inhibitors,
etc..
2. Asthma: Beta blockers, cholinergic drugs, aspirin, ibuprofen, opioid analgesics, etc..
3. Bradycardia: Cholinergic drugs, ß blockers, etc.
4. Congestive Cardiac Failure: Calcium channel blockers, quinidine, etc.
5. Constipation: Morphine, atropine, codeine, chlorpromazine, H1 antihistamines (first generation) , etc..
6. Coronary artery disease: Cholinergic drugs, etc..
7. Edema: NSAIDs (Ibuprofen), prednisone, corticosteroids, etc..
8. G6PD deficient patient: Chloroquine, sulpha drugs, dapsone, quinolones, etc..
9. Gastric bleeding: Aspirin, antplatelet agents, anticoagulants, prednisone, etc..
10. Glaucoma: Atropine, cevimeline, scopolamine (hyoscine), SSRIs, SNRIs, etc..
11. Haemorrhage: Aspirin, antplatelet agents, anticoagulants, etc..
12. Hypertension: Adrenaline, other sympathomimetics (except ß2 agonists), selective COX-2 inhibitors,
etc..
13. Hypokalemia: Digitalis, thiazide diuretics, theophylline, etc..
14. Hypotension: Cholinergic drugs, α1 blockers, ß blockers, furosemide, etc.
15. Intestinal obstruction: Atropine, morphine, cholinergic drugs, etc..
16. Lactation: Anticancer drugs, cyclosporine, radiopharmaceuticals, cholinergic drug, H2 antihistaminics,
etc.
17. Liver damage: Phenobarbitone sodium/Alcohol, antitubercular drugs, valproate, etc.
18. Myasthenia gravis: Streptomycin, kanamycin, pancuronium, atropine, scopolamine (hyoscine), diazepam
etc...
19. Peptic ulcer: Hydrocortisone, heparin and other anticoagulants, aspirin and other NSAIDs, cholinergic
drugs, oral iron therapy, etc.
20. Pregnancy: Tetracycline, morphine, clofibrate, cortisone, chloramphenicol, cisplatin,
cyclophosphamide, barbituares, thalidomide and other CNS depressants, noradrenaline, flurazepam,
lorazepam, temazepam, triazolam, ACEI, ARBs, H2 antihistamines, furosemide etc.
21. Renal failure: Sulphonamide, NSAID, digoxin, barbiturates etc...
22. Respiratory depression: CNS depressants, opioid analgesics etc..
23. Tachycardia: Atropine, Scopolamine (Hyoscine) etc..
24. Urinary obstruction: Cholinergic drugs etc...

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Examples of drugs which produce following effects:
1. Agranulocytosis: Sulpha drugs, chloramphenicol, procainamide, etc.
2. Anaphylaxis/Anaphylactic shock: Cephalosporins, penicillin G, tetracycline, sulfa drugs, etc.
3. Brochodilation: Adrenaline, salbutamol, isoprenaline, orciprenaline, ephedrine etc...
4. CNS stimulation: Amphetamine, caffeine, theophylline, etc.
5. CNS depression: Benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, barbiturates, etc.
6. Constipation: Morphine, atropine, codeine, oral iron ,etc.
7. Cumulation: Phenobarbitone; chloroquine etc...
8. Deafness (Ototoxicity): Quinine, streptomycin, kanamycin aminoglucoside antibiotics, cisplatin,
frusemide, etc...
9. Dependence: Morphine, barbiturates etc...
10. Dryness of mouth: Atropine, homatropine, etc..
11. Emesis: Morphine, apomorphine, etc...
12. Extrapyramidal effect: Antipsychotics
13. Gynaecomastia: Metoclopramide, cimetidine, antipsychotics, etc..
14. Headache: Digitalis, NSAIDs, griseofulvin, BAL, mannitol, nitroglycerin, etc...
15. Hyperplasia of gum: Phenobarbital, phenytoin, etc...
16. Insomnia: Analeptics, CNS stimulants, MAO Inhibitors, etc..
17. Loss of libido: Ketoconazole, cimetidine, antipsychotics, etc.
18. Methaemoglobinaemia: Aspirin, paracetamol, trimethoprim, dapsone, benzocaine, etc..
19. Miosis: Cholinergic drugs, α1 blockers, morphine, etc.
20. Mydriasis: Atropine, homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide, ephedrine etc.
21. Nasal congestion: α1 blockers, etc.
22. Nephrotoxic (kidney/renal damage): First generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, etc..
23. Osteoporosis: Corticosteroids like beclomethazone, cortisone; antacids like cimetidine, ranitidine;
anticovulsants like carbamazepine, phenobarbiotne, phenytoin; tricyclic antidepressants; anticancer
drugs like methotrexate; heparin, etc..
24. Photophobia: Atropine, homatropine, etc.
25. Systemic alkalosis: Sodium bicarbonate, thiazide diuretics, etc.
26. Teratogenecity: Tetracycline, thalidomide, cocaine, alcohol, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, carbamazepine, etc.
27. Thrombocytopenia: Sulpha drugs, chloramphenicol, etc.
28. Tinnitus: Quinine, quinidine, aspirin, etc.

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Adult dose of drugs:
1. Aspirin: As analgesic-antipyretics: Oral: 300-900 mg, repeated 4-6 hourly according to clinical needs.
Prophylaxis of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: Oral: 75-150 mg once daily.
2. Atorvastatin (Antihyperlipidemic): 10-80 mg
3. Cetrizine: 5 mg to 10 mg or 20 mg orally.
4. Chlorpromazine: Oral: 100 - 800 mg/day; IM: 25-50 mg repeated every 6-8 hours.
5. Diazepam: 2-30 mg daily in divided doses, 2-20 mg I.M./I.V. every 3-4 hrs.
6. Digoxin (Cardiotonic): Oral: 0.125-0.5 mg.
7. Furosemide: 20-80 mg orally.
8. Ibuprofen: 200 mg to 400 mg.
9. Isosorbide dinitrate (Organic nitrate): 5 mg sublingual; 10-20 mg oral; 10-40 mg SR oral
10. Liquid paraffin: Oral: 15–30 ml/day
11. Metformin: 250 mg to 2500 mg (Oral)
12. Paracetamol: 0.5 gm to 1 gm orally, every 4 hrs; max. 4 gm/day.
13. Streptomycin: 0.75-1 gm daily (I.M.)/0.5-2 gm daily in divided doses (oral).
14. Telmisartan (ARB): 20-80 mg OD.
15. Tramadol: 50-100 mg oral
16. Verapamil (CCB): 40-160 mg TDS oral, 5 mg by slow IV injection
17. Omeprazole: Oral: 20-40 mg once daily.
18. Rabeprazole: Oral: 20 mg once daily; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome − 60 mg/day.
19. Ranitidine: Oral: For ulcer healing 150 mg twice daily / 300 mg at bed time.
20. Loperamide: Oral: 4 mg followed by 2 mg after each motion (max. 10 mg in a day); 2 mg BD for
chronic diarrhoea.

Drug – Antidote:
 Morphine: Nalorphine (or naloxone).
 Salicylate: Sodium bicarbonate and Vitamin K.
 Barbiturate: Sodium bicarbonate.
 Atropine: Physostigmine.
 Organophosphorus poisoning: Atropine Sulphate/Pralidoxime.
 Digitalis poisoning: Potassium chloride.

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Table: Routes of administration (R.O.A) for some common drugs

Drug R.O.A.
Oral iron therapy; oral andidiabetic drugs; ACE Inhibitors; ARBs; α1 selective blockers; statin Primarily Oral
drugs; calcium channel blockers (CCBs) – DHPs; dronedarone; griseofulvin;
levodopa; mebendazole, etc.
Adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, dobutamine; insulin; systemic aminoglycoside Primarily Parenteral
antibiotics; edropphonium; heparin; parenteral iron therapy; thiopentone sodium, etc.
Tiotropium bromide, ipratropium bromide, etc. Primarily inhalation
Scopolamine, etc. Primarily Transdermal
Isosorbide dinitrate, etc. Oral and sublingual

ß2 agonists, etc. Inhalation and oral

Lignocaine, etc. Topical and parenteral
Adrenaline, etc. Parenteral and inhalation

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Note:
1. MCQs for practice are available under ‘Test Package’ on
www.pharmalifeacademy.com.

2. Recommended books for the preparation of GPAT/ GOVT. PHARMACIST EXAMS

I. ESSENTIAL PHARMACY REVIEW FOR DRUGS INSPECTOR EXAMS
Authors: Sunil Bakliwal, Pravin Jawale, Bhushan Rane, Ashish Jain
Publisher: Nirali Prakashan, Pune
For further details visit www.pharmalifeacademy.com
Amazon link: https://amzn.to/3OPFFMR

II. PHARMACIST RECRUITMENT EXAM

Authors: Sunil Bakliwal, Pravin Jawale
Publisher: Nirali Prakashan, Pune
For further details visit www.pharmalifeacademy.com
Amazon link: https://amzn.to/3IHBTSu

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II. DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY EXIT EXAMINATION (DPEE)

Authors: Sunil Bakliwal, Pravin Jawale
Publisher: Nirali Prakashan, Pune
For further details visit www.pharmalifeacademy.com
Amazon link: https://amzn.to/3TpT5B5

3. Recommended books for the preparation of D.Pharm Exam

I. Pharmacology S.Y. DPharm
Authors: Sunil Bakliwal, Pravin Jawale
Publisher: Nirali Prakashan, Pune
For further details visit www.pharmalifeacademy.com
Amazon link: https://amzn.to/3IGhUnk

II. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS S.Y. DPharm

Authors: Sunil Bakliwal, Dr. Anoop M. Kasliwal, Dr. Satish A. Polshettiwar
Publisher: Nirali Prakashan, Pune
For further details visit www.pharmalifeacademy.com
Amazon link: https://amzn.to/43ogEi6

III. PHARMACEUTICS F.Y. DPharm

Authors: Sunil Bakliwal, Pravin Jawale, Dr. Bhushan Rane
Publisher: Nirali Prakashan, Pune
For further details visit www.pharmalifeacademy.com
Amazon link: https://amzn.to/3TILwGS

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