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History Part 1

The document outlines a comprehensive study plan for decorating and design history, focusing on furniture history and basic interior decorating components. It covers various periods from Prehistory to Early Civilizations, detailing the evolution of design, significant artifacts, and architectural styles across different cultures, including North and South America, Egypt, and Classical Greece and Rome. Students are encouraged to engage with multiple resources, including textbooks and lesson plans, to enhance their understanding of design history and styles.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

3 views55 pages

History Part 1

Uploaded by

Emma Helton

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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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1

DECORATING & DESIGN HSITORY, FURNITURE HISTORY & BASIC INTERIOR DECORATING
COMPONENTS

YOU WILL FIND THIS TASK FILLED WITH WONDERFUL DESIGN HISTORY & FURNITURE
HISTORY. WE WILL BE USING SEVERAL DIFFERENT RESOURCES ALONG WITH YOUR TEXTS.
FEEL FREE TO STUDY ALL OF THE PERIODS PRIOR TO US GETTING TO THEM. IT WILL ONLY
ENHANCE YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND FACINATION.

TEXT BOOK – INTERIOR DESIGN, Chapter Four-Design History: We are going to be touching on
all of the PERIODS covered in this chapter, some more than others. I will give you instruction as
to which chapter to move on to. Please feel free to move ahead and learn in advance of all the
wonderful design history and styles from these cultures.
We are also going to be covering the fascinating world of Prehistory to Early Civilizations that
are not covered in this chapter. Make sure you review any information that is given to you.
Research will be required of you.
TEXT BOOK – DESIGNERS GUIDE TO FURNITURE STYLES: We will be using this book for the
majority of design history. We will be covering each section at a time so go ahead and read,
study and review.

YOU WILL BE GIVEN LESSON PLANS/PACING CHARTS FOR EACH CIVILIZATION

AND PERIOD. LET YOUR INSTRUCTOR KNOW WHEN YOU ARE COMPLETED WITH
EACH PERIOD SO YOU CAN DO A REVIEW WITH HER/HIM AND CLASSMATES.
2

It is important to know how we got to where we are today in design. Much of what
you will learn throughout the prehistoric period may seem unimportant, but it is
very important. You will begin to see the evolution as you progress.

Prehistory to Early Civilizations

A. Approximately how many years have human beings been on earth? 35,000 Detailed
recorded history stretches back about how many years? Roughly 5000 years ago
B. Since there is no recorded history before 3100 B.C., how have archeologists,
anthropologists and historians been able to interpret our primitive ancestor’s ways
of life. studying preserved artifacts and excavating new ones
C. Explain what we mean by recorded history. a historical narrative based on a written
record or other documented communication
D. What were the earliest known artifacts from the prehistoric period made for?
Spiritual and practical purposes
E. Define Prehistoric? relating or denotating the period before written records
F. The term Primitive can signify simple, crude, or inferior. What else does it signify?
being the first or earliest of the kind or in existence, especially in an early age of the world
G. What, possibly, were the first shelters used by the ancient peoples? Paleolithic huts
H. Is it possible that caves were not the most widely used living spaces? ____________.
Why?_ Yes because caves are not located in every part of the world
I. In prehistoric times what were the caves most likely used for? trap animals,
ceremonies, storage, art, living/shelter
J. Where are some of the most famous cave paintings located? Lascaux
K. In all reality what are the materials that have survived from prehistoric times?
Mainly stone and brick
L. What has modern art been strongly influenced by? _________________________.
M. What is an Alignment? an arrangement in a straight line , or in a correct form relative to
other positions
3

N. What is a Dolmen? a megalithic tomb with a large flat stone laid on upright ones
O. What is one of the most widely recognized structures of stones still standing today?
Stonehenge Where is it located? England
What do we speculate it was used for? Burial or ceremonial site
P. What is a Barrow? large mound of earth, raised over stone or wooden vaults

Q. What period is the Old Stone Age called and why? Paleolithic Period, and because the
period is marked by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools “Old Stone”
R. In primitive practice what purposeful meanings do pattern, color and design serve
and what were they used on? Many colors that were available came from direct earth
materials. Designs/patterns and colors were used as means of ornamentation
S. What are the three key discoveries on which civilization are built? civilizations had to
be built based on local water source, herbs and or plants that were able to be gathered, and
availability of food to hunt
T. Which one of these three discoveries has had the most direct influence with the
design of built shelter? Explain. Food- because regardless if the shelter was well built if
they could not eat the civilization could not survive
U. What is the earliest prehistoric settlement found and where geographically was it
located? Jericho; Jordan River Valley List some the artifacts found. Original stone
foundations, plastered walls and floors, mud brick houses
V. What is the name of the later settlement found? Where is it located? Catal Huyuk;
Turkey
W. What was the primary material of construction for their shelters? Wood and earth
found materials (clay, brick)
X. List some of the artifacts that were found. Row houses, colorful wall paintings,
woven mats, decorated vases, baskets, stone boxes
4

EARLY NORTH AMERICA

The early tribal native peoples that are known by various names, Seminoles, Cherokees,
Iroquois, among others had developed agriculture and established fixed settlements.

A. What did they build their dwellings from? Wood and animal hides
B. What did the structures look like and how were the interior spaces utilized?
Many structures were teepees and huts. Interiors were used for ceremonies and sleep.
C. What was found that introduced color into interiors? Some plants produced color,
clay produced color, and blood produced color
D. Who required portable housing structures and why? More nomadic tribes because
they moved as their food sources migrated.
E. Who were the Anasazi? Describe their towns. Where are they located? Ancestral
Pueblo culture, also called Anasazi, prehistoric Native American civilization that existed
from approximately ad 100 to 1600, centering generally on the area where the
boundaries of what are now the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah
intersect. They relied on Cliff dwellings — stone houses, villages and towns built in
caves or on large shelves in sheer rock canyon walls.
F. Who were the pre-Columbian Americans? Explain? The three most notable Pre-
Columbian civilizations were those of the Aztec, Maya, and Inca.
G. Describe some of the other cultures of North America and their housing
structures. The early Olmec civilization (1200 BCE) homes were very simple and
made out of logs, heavy stone, and clay. Olmecs liked to live near flood plains so
built their houses on small mounds or platforms. They also lived in buildings with
earth packed around poles which were used as sleeping area, dining room, and
shelter.
CENTRAL AMERICA
5

A. List some of the surviving structures found in Mexico. Describe their construction and
decorated elements. The Maya built pyramids, temples, palaces, walls, residences and more.
They often decorated their buildings with intricate stone carvings, stucco statues, and paint.
They built multi-level elevated platforms, massive step-pyramids, corbelled roofing,
monumental stairways, and exteriors decorated with sculpture and moldings of Maya glyphs,
geometric shapes, and iconography from religion such as serpent masks are all typical features
of Maya architecture.
SOUTH AMERICA

A. Describe the civilizations of early South America. How were their houses constructed
and why have complete interiors not survived. The early Latin American civilizations
consist of four main cultures, Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca. Each civilization
experienced a time of cultural and intellectual achievement that produced lasting
contributions in art, literature, and science.
B. Describe a typical Inca house. The most common type of Inca house was rectangular with a
thatched roof, and usually had just one room. The walls were usually made from stone or adobe
(a claylike material). The stone blocks were carved so that they fitted together perfectly, and
there was no need for cement.

IT IS TIME TO START STUDYING THE DESIGNERS GUIDE TO FURNITURE STYLES

WE WILL BE STUDYING HISTORY ALONG WITH FURNISHINGS AND ACCESSORIES FROM
EACH PERIOD.
6

EGYPT

A. Egypt’s geographical location is where? Northeast Africa

B. What river sustained the economic growth of Egypt? Nile
C. Egypt is generally divided into three cultural periods. What are they? Old Kingdom,
Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom
D. Explain some of the circumstances as to why Egyptian design has been preserved. dry
climate and use of stone as material; intricate burial practices helped in preserving artifacts
E. What are the most recognized structures that have survived in Egypt? Pyramids
F. These structures are not only remarkable for their size but also for their purity of form
and subtle geometry known as the what? slope
G. We have already studied the golden mean. Make your own diagram using your tools.

H. Why did the Egyptians put such an emphasis on the preservation of the bodies of dead
persons? The preservation of a dead body was critical if the deceased wanted a chance at
acceptance into the afterlife.
I. The Egyptians believed that objects placed in the tomb could be taken with the
deceased in their after life, but some things were too large to put inside the tomb. To
represent these objects what did they do? paint them What else has been found in the
tombs that would give us an idea of the Egyptian daily life and environment? Food,
wine, furniture, pottery, and jewelry
7

J. List some of the artifacts that have been found inside some of the tombs. Food, wine,
furniture, jewelry, boats, chariots, clothing, perfume
K. Much of our knowledge of the typical Egyptian house is derived
from___________________________________________________________________.
L. What is a hypostyle hall? interior space whose roof rests on pillars or columns
M. Describe what the interior of a modest Egyptian household might have looked like.
Make sure you describe the walls, floors and furnishings. row house, living room located
near entrance, kitchen and open-air courtyard toward back of the house, 2 nd level was
for bedrooms, 3rd level was a terrace or storage for grains, windows on the street side
were shielded with palms or protected with plaster/wooden shutters
N. Describe what the interior of a nobleman or priests house may have looked like.
Describe the walls, floors and furnishings
Villas and palaces varied in size based off wealth/social status and were likely built close
to temples; had gardens, granaries, and outbuildings; built of fired brick
O. What is a motif? decorative design or pattern
P. Describe the different types of motifs and what they were associated to.
8

Q. The tomb of what King provides some of the most exquisite specimens in construction,
decoration and materials? King Tut
R. Define gilding, inlay and carving.
Gilding- the process of applying gold leaf or gold paint
Inlay- ornament (an object) by embedding pieces of a different material in it, flush with its
surface
Carving- the act of using tools to shape something from a material by scraping away portions of
that material
S. What was the most basic furniture item found in the Egyptian home? The stool Describe
the different types. Generally two types of tools- a folding type mainly used by men with
a X form and a fixed type that varied in design and decoration
T. Give a description of the basic design of the legs of Egyptian seating. Curved connected
by mortise-and-tenon joints or dowels with ornate animal-like carvings on the end of the legs
U. In furniture, define the term drum. Explain why historians believe this was placed at the
end of the base of the leg. a drum is a tapered block of wood attached to the end of the
leg; historians believe it was placed at the bottom of the chair leg to keep the animal
carving (done for spiritual purposes) out of the dirt/off the floor
V. What is a stretcher, continuous stretcher or runner? Structural support for the chair
horizontally connecting the legs
W. The Egyptian chair seems to have been ergonomically friendly. Describe some of its
features. Shaped to fit the contour of the human body- through the use of a racking
back seat and not a 90 degree angle
X. What did the arm chair represent? Explain. Because stools were used on the daily, arm
chairs were used on special occasions
Y. What was the most universal furniture used by both classes? Give a through
explanation. The chest; common ones were made out of woven papyrus reeds used for
storage of household objects (usually used for lower class), more complex chests were
9

made from wood and different in size and artistic expression; larger chests had straight
or tapered legs and were designed to rest on floor and not a table
Z. Describe the Egyptian tables and their uses. Most tables were small; table-like stands
were used to support alabaster vases and pottery containing unguents; never used large
tables to eat but tiny tables to set food on for servants to use to pass out food; stands
had four splayed legs and continuous stretches
AA.Describe the couch and bed. Who was most likely to have owned one and any
symbolism related to them? Beds and reclining couches were rare, and only owned by
the wealthy; mostly constructed from wood with stuffed linen mattresses supported by
webbing material; a separate headrest called a yoke lifted the head up 6-7 inches
BB. Describe the Egyptian decorative accessories. What were they made of? Include any
spiritual and domestic purposes they might have had. Vases, chalices, and lamps were
covered in religious themes, geometric designs, and plant motifs; wealthy Egyptians
could have items made of molded glass, carved alabaster, hammered gold, rare silver

AGEAN CIVILIZATIONS

WE WILL BE COVERING THIS PERIOD BRIEFLY. MAKE SURE YOU READ THE HISTORY IN THE
GUIDE TO FURNIUTRE STYLES.
Do a PowerPoint on this period. Include the civilization, some noted architecture, any
important people, how the lower class people lived, some of the housing designs,
motifs, accessories and furniture.

We will be studying more on the different types and styles of furniture. Make
sure you review the Designer’s Guide.
10

CLASSICAL GREECE AND ROME

THE GREEKS

A. What are the four stylistic periods that shape Greek History? Briefly describe each. The
art of ancient Greece is usually divided stylistically into four periods: the Geometric, Archaic,
Classical, and Hellenistic.
The Geometric Period in Greece, which lasted from approximately 900 to 700 B.C.E., is named
after the geometric patterns and motifs that were prevalent on pottery at this time.
Archaic period, in history and archaeology, the earliest phases of a culture; the term is most
frequently used by art historians to denote the period of artistic development in Greece from
about 650 to 480 BC, the date of the Persian sack of Athens. During the Archaic period, Greek
art became less rigidly stylized and more naturalistic. Paintings on vases evolved from geometric
designs to representations of human figures, often illustrating epic tales.
The Classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common
dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in
323 BC) are defined by logic, pattern and order and a faith in humanism above all else.
The Hellenistic period include the division of Alexander's empire, Hellenistic art is richly diverse
in subject matter and in stylistic development. It was created during an age characterized by a
strong sense of history.
B. The joining of Greek and Roman designs resulted in what style? Greco Roman
C. Describe what a common Greek house usually looked like. Include the exterior
structure as well as the interior. Ancient Greek homes were built around a courtyard or
garden. The walls were often made from wood and mud bricks. They had small windows with no
glass, but wooden shutters to keep out the hot sun. Rich people decorated the walls and floors
with colorful tiles and paintings.
11

D. Much of Greek architecture evolved from what? Ancient Greek architecture came from the
Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the
Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about
900 BC until the 1st century AD.
E. Define the following:
Mosaics. a picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard
material, such as stone, tile, or glass.
Tesserae. a small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the construction of a
mosaic
Trabeated. designed or constructed with horizontal beams or lintels
F. The three Greek orders of architecture are what? Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
G. Describe each order. Their differences and unifying characteristic. Be specific. Get
pictures or better yet draw them!

H. What was their purpose? The classical orders—described by the labels Doric, Ionic, and
Corinthian—do not merely serve as descriptors for the remains of ancient buildings, but as an
index to the architectural and aesthetic development of Greek architecture itself.
I. This style of Greek architecture established a precedent for what?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
12

J. What are the four distinctive themes used in the Greek motif designs? Geometric
patterning, nature inspired designs, rosettes, and animals Who’s designs were they
adapted from? Aegean & Egyptian
K. What did the Greeks sculpt their motifs out of? Paint, stone, clay
L. How did the Greeks deal with their dead and their possessions? They would burn them
with their positions
M. Because of this what is the only furniture that survives today from the Greek period
made from? Bronze or stone
N. What is one of the most notable features of Greek furniture? Chairs had no strechers or
runners
O. Define curule. A curule seat is a design of chair noted for its uses in Ancient Rome and Europe
through to the 20th century. Its status in early Rome as a symbol of political or military power
carried over to other civilizations.
P. List and describe some of the pieces of furniture used in the common home. Working-
class households had only furnishings necessary to perform daily tasks; primarily stools
and tables; most people sat on floor with cushions
Q. Describe the klismos chair. Popular style of side chair; designed with slender
proportions, a curved rest rail, saber legs; rush was used for the seat
R. Describe the Greek beds and dining habits. Note some of the terminology. Please be
through. Greeks at their meals at a table while seated on stools; wealthier households
ate their meals while reclining on a couch or bed called a kline; servants would place a
table with food and beverages right next to a kline; servants had smaller tables
specifically for wine; only the wealthy owned a bed; lower income households only had
a mattress on the floor or on a raised plaster platform
S. Give a brief description of the typical table. Greek tables were usually small and easily
portable. An interesting fact is that most tables were made with three rather than four legs.
There were two legs at one end, with the third in the center of the other end. Also, tables had
circular tops and four legs, or even one central leg, but the most common table was rectangular
13

and stood on three legs. The tables were usually placed next to the couch to hold food and
drink.
T. Chests were in great demand. What would be the best way to determine what they
looked like? Paintings show what chests looked like
U. Describe some of the Greek decorative accessories and their uses. Accessory items were
essentially functional objects; pottery was most common used to store wines, oils, and
water; surface of clay was decorated in motifs; clay was fired in the kiln at specific
temperatures to control the color; first to see mental working in objects

THE ROMANS

A. Considered one of the greatest political nations in the Western World, the Roman
Empire is categorized into three distinctive periods, what are they and give a description
of each one.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. What constructional innovation (building material) did the Romans Develop and use
extensively? ___________________________________________________________.
C. What were some of the other constructional utilizations used and what, for the first
time, did their development permit to be done? Explain.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
14

D. What happened to the Greek artisans after the Greeks fell to Roman control and what
did many of them do?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. Two new orders of architectural design were introduced by the Romans. What are they
and describe each one. What are the similarities and differences? Get pictures!
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. In the eighteenth century two cities were accidentally found under debris under
poisonous gases, ash and lava. On a separate sheet of paper name the two cities and
thoroughly describe what was found and what archeologists have been able to
do.____________________________________________________________________.
G. Describe an insula.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
H. What was the purpose of an impluvium?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
I. How did the Romans expand the sense of space within the dwellings?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
J. Describe what the floors and walls of the Roman home looked like.
________________________________________________________________________
15

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
K. Explain what the primary difference was between Greek and Roman artisans?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
L. Describe some of the design motifs, architectural and furniture details.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
M. What city provides us with the best examples of Roman furniture? _________________.
N. True or False. Most furniture of this period was practical and utilitarian._____________.
O. What tool enabled Roman artisans to turn rectangular blocks of wood into rounded
forms much faster than they could by hand? ___________________________________.
P. Describe some of the varieties of turned table legs and supports.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Q. Describe a sella curulis.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
What was it modeled after? ________________________________________________.
R. Describe what many of the chairs from this period looked like.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
S. What was the most economical chair produced_________________________________.
How was it constructed?
________________________________________________________________________
16

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
T. When did the Emperor and his consulates use the solium or throne chair? Explain.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
U. Describe the tables and dining atmosphere of the Roman period. Take note of the
terminology used when studying.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
V. What is the name given to the Roman bed or rest couch? Describe.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
W. What is the Roman name for the Bedroom?____________________________________.
X. Describe some of the accessories found at the Pompeii excavation site, lamps, vases,
etc.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Y. What glass showed white figures over a dark blue background? ___________________.
Z. Give a through description of a Roman house or villa. Include the main areas and
bedroom. Use a separate sheet of paper if necessary.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
17

EARLY CHRISTIAN DESIGN

A. The Middle Ages is also known as what other period? ___________________________.

B. This period is also recognized by most scholars as the period between the fall of the
Roman Empire and the beginning of what? ___________________________________.
C. What Roman emperor of the fourth century legalized Christianity and authorized the
construction of the first Christian church? ____________________________________.
D. Give a brief essay describing the demise of the Roman Empire, what caused it and why.
Use a separate sheet of paper if necessary.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. Why is the Medieval period also known as the Dark Ages?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
18

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. What are some of the reasons for the demise of the Medieval period?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. Roman architecture was ultimately being torn down. New churches were replacing
roman temples. Were they practicing “Green Design” even at that time? Explain.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
H. What had become their building material of choice? ____________________________.
Why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
I. What styled cathedrals became the most prominent structures in town?
_______________________________________________________________________.
J. Describe in detail the interior of a roman court or basilica. Use a separate sheet of paper
if necessary.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
K. What did they use to decorate their floors and walls and how did they use it?
________________________________________________________________________
19

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Give some examples. Find pictures, etc.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

BYZANTINE DESIGN

A. Describe Byzantine Design. Make sure you give details. Use separate sheet of paper if
necessary._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
20

ROMANESQUE DESIGN

A. Who is credited for bringing the Romanesque way of building into England?
Do research if necessary. Remember we have a library in class and on campus!
______________________________________________________________________.
B. What term is use in England to denote this way of building?______________________.
C. Describe Romanesque Design. Research on line or in library. There are different
countries that are more noteworthy than others. Give examples; pictures, etc. Pay
particular attention to Scandinavia! Use separate paper if necessary.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. Describe the homes and living quarters of the general population. Why did they live like
that?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
21

E. Large castles with enveloping walls distinguished the political control of one land owner
to the next. Using a separate sheet of paper; Describe these castles and explain why
they were constructed the way they were and the gradual change of function that
eventually developed. Be sure to describe the walls and floors!
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. What was the average height of the castle ceilings?______________________________.
G. What is a tapestry?________________________________________________________.
H. In spite of its name, Romanesque design has less connection with Roman architecture
than do the Early Christian Design and Byzantine Design; it is the style of what age?
_______________________________________________________________________,
from about 900 to 1200in Europe and, under the name______________, in the British
Isles.
I. What is the typical feature of Romanesque stone structures and what is it a remnant of?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
J. Describe the interiors of early medieval castles from this period. List the typical
inventory of household fittings and why it was decorated this way.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
22

GOTHIC DESIGN

A. Gothic building is widely regarded as one of the great achievements of the Middle Ages.
What is the most recognized characteristic feature of Gothic architecture? Explain what
this design allowed for.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. What is the definition of buttress?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
C. Some Gothic cathedrals used multiple ribs in the vaulting creating a rich visual pattern
called__________________________________________________________________.
Explain__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
23

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. Define Half-Timber Construction.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. Complete rooms with furniture and decorative details rarely survive, but we are able to
get a good visual of what Gothic interiors looked like through what?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. Describe in detail what the inside of a Gothic castle may have looked like. Use a
separate piece of paper if necessary.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. What influences combined create the foundation on which all subsequent European
design development is based on? Explain.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
24

A. Describe the Medieval Design Motifs and any of their spiritual or symbolic significances.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. Which design motifs do not carry spiritual meaning?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
C. Define the following:
Trefoil ; draw a small sketch .
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Quatrefoil; draw a small sketch.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
25

D. What is a crocket?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. What is the definition of a pendant?
_______________________________________________________________________.

MEDIEVAL FURNITURE

A. Describe some of the furniture found in Medieval fifteenth century castles. What
characteristic, in particular, was noticeable? Why was it built this way?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. Who were the craftsmen that were most likely to have designed furniture from this
period? _________________________________________________________________.
C. What architectural detail is seen more often in Medieval furniture?
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. Why are stools still the most practical piece of furniture used? Explain
________________________________________________________________________
26

E. Describe the side chairs and arm chairs? Where, in the great hall, were they most likely
placed?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
F. What is a dais? What significance did it have?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. Give descriptions of other furniture of the Medieval period.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
27

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
H. Remember the Roman lectus? How was it modified and what does it resemble even
today?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________.
I. What was considered the most important piece of furniture in the castle? __________.
J. The cupboard became another frequently used piece of furniture. Give the purpose of
the cupboard and its transformation throughout this period.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
K. Describe the dining room of the Middle Ages. Don’t forget the furnishings.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
28

L. Give descriptions and uses for the following furniture pieces.

Dressoir_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Credenza________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

M. Describe what the bedroom of medieval kings looked like. Describe the bed.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
N. Give a description of Medieval decorative accessories.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
O. Complete comparisons on pgs. 77-78 in your Furniture Styles textbook. Will be
required to hand in to instructor.
29

YOUR PROJECT: Give an analysis of a Medieval Room. Do research, show pictures, etc.
PowerPoint is preferred, but this can be presented on poster board if you like.

THE MODERN WORLD

WE WILL STILL BE LEARNING DESIGN HISTORY, BUT WE WILL BE GOING THROUGH FURNITURE
HISTORY IN MORE DETAIL FROM HERE ON OUT. KEEP ON YOUR TOES, DO YOUR RESEARCH,
LISTEN AND MAKE SURE YOU KEEP UP WITH YOUR WORKBOOK! IT IS HERE TO HELP YOU!
YOU MUST MAKE ME AWARE OF ANY CONCERNS YOU MAY HAVE OR IF YOU FEEL YOU
CANNOT KEEP UP. IT’S NOT HARD, JUST SPECIFICS. WE WILL WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE
SURE YOU GET THROUGH WITH FLYING COLORS! LET’S HAVE FUN!

COMPLETE ALL OF THE COMAPRISONS IN YOUR FURNITURE STYLE TEXTBOOK. ATTACH TO

END OF EACH CHAPTER IN THIS WORKBOOK

THE RENNAISSANCE

A. Define the word renaissance and where it is derived from.

________________________________________________________________________
30

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________,
B. Where and when did the renaissance begin?__________________________________.
C. Who was Vitruvius?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. The invention of firearms made medieval defensive systems obsolete, eventually causing
the castle to give way to what structures
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

E. Give a brief history of the beginning of the renaissance period. I want you to research
this through books, internet, etc. Don’t forget we have books here in class! USE
SEPARATE PAPER!
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

ARCHITECTURAL SETTINGS & DESIGN MOTIFS

A. What is Trompe l’oeil? Make sure you give the definition and examples.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. What is a fresco?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
31

C. Who was the well known artist that painted the frescos in the Villa Foscari, Mira, Italy?
Describe some of the frescos.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. What is wainscoting?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

E. A multitude of classical artifacts were unearthed in the early sixteenth century.

Describe what these were and how craftsmen used these images on their designs.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. Describe how Spain, France, and England interpreted classical motifs.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

ITALY
32

A. What are the three phases that art history customarily divides the renaissance in?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. On a separate sheet of paper, or more, for each phase, give a description of each of
these phases. You could use poster board and show pictures and written information
on each phase. Creative! It is very important that you go into as much detail as you
can. MAKE SURE YOU DESCRIBE THE INTERIORS OF EACH PHASE(HOMES &
CHURCHES)

C. What is the term mannerism borrowed from and what is it sometimes used to describe?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. Name and describe one work where mannerism is exemplified.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. Who was the famous painter of the Laurentian Library, Florence (begun 1524)?
_____________________________________. If it was not your choice in question C,
describe its interior. You can use pictures too!
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
33

F. Describe the typical interior ceilings of the more wealthy people of the early
renaissance.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. Who was Leon Battista Alberti and what was the theory of his designs?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
H. Who was Andrea Palladio and how did he approach his designs?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
I. Name and describe some of Andrea Palladio’s own works.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
J. What renaissance phase was dismissed as decadent?____________________________.
K. Why have modern historians reinstated this phase as significant? We will be studying
this phase more closely at a later date.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
L. Define baluster. What were these typically used on?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
M. List some the furniture forms; legs, feet, etc. Do rough sketch of some. Doing this will
help you to be able to get across to the client what you are envisioning.
34

N. Describe how furniture design started to change and why.

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Intarsia__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Certosina________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

Savonarola(this one has an interesting history)

T. Describe the dining rooms of the Italian Renaissance.

PROJECT:
37

GATHER SOME PICTURES OF FURNIUTRE, ROOM SETTINGS, WALLS,ETC. FROM THIS PERIOD.
YOU CAN EVEN SELECT FABRIC TO ENHANCE THIS PROJECT. DO A COLLAGE (ON PAPER). WE
MAY BE PRESENTING IN FRONT OF CLASS!

WE HAVE ALREADY ESTABLISHED THAT THE ITALIANS SET THE STYLISTIC DIRECTION FOR
THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD. NOW WE ARE GOING TO LOOK INTO SOME OF THE OTHER
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES THAT ADAPTED THE STYLE TO FIT THEIR OWN UNIQUE CULTURE.

SOME OF THESE COUNTRIES WE WILL GO FURTHER INTO DEPTH WITH OTHERS WE WILL
TOUCH ON. THE PURPOSE HERE IS TO INTRODUCE YOU TO THE DESIGN STYLES

I DO NOT EXPECT YOU TO REMEMBER EVERYHITNG, BUT WITH REPETITION YOU WILL
RETAIN A LOT OF IT

REMEMBER TO ENJOY THE EDUCATION OF EACH OF THESE COUNTRIES

SPAIN

A. What was the new chair that Spain introduced to benefit the working class?
Describe._____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
38

B. Describe the frailer. Why was it named so?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
C. What was the sillon de caderas or sillon de tijera? Describe.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
D. Describe the Spanish chest.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
E. What was the armario?
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
F. What was the vargueno? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
39

G. What is a puente?
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
H. What is a papelera?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
I. Describe the tables of Spanish Renaissance.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

FRANCE

IN FRANCE, THE RENAISSANCE PASSED THROUGH THE SAME THREE PHASES AS IN

ITALY, EACH OCCURRING ABOUT FIFTY TO A HUNDRED YEARS LATER THAN THE
ITALIAN EQUIVALENT.

A. What did the Early Renaissance in France first appear in?

D. French styles are usually identified by what? Give some examples.

E. Describe the Rococo style and its changes following the French Revolution. What
influenced some of these changes?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. Research and find one building that exemplifies the Rococo style. Research it and print
out copy. Refer to your Furniture Styles text. It has a lot of information Attach to this
page.
G. Who was Ange-Jacques Gabriel? What building did he design? DO YOUR
RESEARCH._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
H. Gather some examples of Directoire and Empire styles. Give a brief example of each.
REMEMBER THESE BECAUSE THEY WILL BE BROUGHT UP AGAIN AT A LATER DATE.
I. What was the caquetoire?
Explain._________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
41

J. Describe Biedermeier and how it originated.

K. Describe some other important pieces of furniture found in the French Renaissance and
their function.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
L. Give a description of a room from the French renaissance. You can use pictures, etc.
Use the blank area below if you choose.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
42

ENGLAND

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE DESIGN STYLES ARE IDENTIFIED, AS IN FRANCE, WITH THE

REIGINING MONARCHS

A. What century did the Renaissance first appear in England? _______________________.

Explain._________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. Who is given credit for bringing the Italian Renaissance style to England?
_______________________________________________________________________.
C. Describe the Tudor and Elizabethan periods and styles. DO SOME RESEARCH, IT’S QUITE
FASCINATING. USE SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER IF NECESSARY. GIVE ME SOME
PICTURES OF ARCHITECTURE AND FURNTIUTE FROM THESE PERIODS.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
43

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

D. Describe some Elizabethan furniture from the sixteenth century. Pay special attention
to the chairs. Describe the changes that are taking place with the cupboard.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. What is the most identifiable difference about the English Renaissance chest?
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. What was the Farthingale chair and why was it designed this way?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. What is “Turkey” work ?___________________________________________________.
H. What practical and adaptable table was introduced in the sixteenth century? Describe.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
I. Give a description and history of eighteenth- century Georgian style.
________________________________________________________________________
44

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
J. Who were Thomas Chippendale, George Hipplewhite and Thomas Sheraton? Gather
examples of their work paste on sheet of paper and attach to this page. Give
descriptions.
K. Who were the Adam brothers? Describe some of their work, both architectural and
interior. RESEARCH! GET PHOTOS, ETC. (INTERNET IS VERY USEFUL!)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

YOU CAN ATTACH TO THIS PAGE ANYTHING OF INTEREST TO YOU THAT PERTAINS TO THIS
SECTION. DO NOT BE AFRAID OF OVER ACHIEVING! THIS IS A WONDERFUL ERA!
LOOK OVER THE COMPARSONS ON PGS. 108-109 IN TEXT FURNITURE STYLES

THE BAROQUE PERIOD, SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

A. The cultural explosion of the Renaissance period was appropriately named Baroque. On
a separate sheet of paper give me the history of this period and how society influenced
it.
B. Who was the most celebrated artist and architect of the high Baroque style that dazzled
Italy with his work at St. Peters Basilica in Rome?
_______________________________________________________________________.
45

C. Define baldachin.
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. Where in Rome did the development of the Baroque style first appear and by whom?
_______________________________________________________________________.

E. Describe Annibale Carracci’s work on this structure.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. Who was Louis XIV and how old was he when he ascended the throne? Make sure you
give me a complete history, from birth to death.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. King Louis made many progressive reforms. List some of the reforms.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
H. What were the Manufacture des Gobelins? Who established them, when were they
established and under whose leadership was it under?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
46

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
I. What chateau was transformed into the new royal palace for Louis XIV?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
J. We studied this structure previously in French Renaissance. If you have learned
anything else about this structure that you did not know, on a separate sheet of
paper, I want you to include it in this section. DO NOT FORGET THE INTERIORS!
K. Who was in charge of the interior decoration of Chateau de Versailles?
_______________________________________________________________________.
L. Who were the leading architects assigned by Louis XIV to the project?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
M. What was the most impressive room within the palace?__________________________.
N. What did Louis often refer his self as?_________________________________________.
O. What is gilt furniture?______________________________________________________.
P. Who introduced Palladianism to King James I and all of England?
_______________________________________________________________________.
Q. What is Palladianism?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
R. When did England’s introduction to Baroque style occur and under whose regime was it
under?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
47

S. Who was the surveyor to King Charles II and what were his responsibilities?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
T. What were Christopher Wren’s achievements and how was he rewarded by the king?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
U. Who was Grinling Gibbons? Explain his style.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
V. What is known as one of Wren’s famous successes? _____________________________.
W. What were the addition two monarchs that Wren worked under?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
X. What became of Christopher Wren? What were some of his accomplishments?
RESEARCH MAY BE HELPFUL.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
48

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

Y. Describe seventeenth-century American architecture and why it was so different than

the Baroque style expressed in European countries. USE A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER
IF NECESSARY.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Z. Name some of the motifs used as architectural interior embellishments and how were
they used?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
AA.Define marquetry?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
49

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

BAROQUE FURNITURE

A. How was an individual’s wealth and social status shown in the seventeenth-century?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. List some of the new items that were introduced during the seventeenth century?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
C. What joiner became the more suitable method of connecting two pieces of wood?
Explain what other practice was rapidly growing in the furniture trade?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
D. Define pietra dura.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. How was tortoiseshell used to ornament furniture?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
50

F. What is chinoiserie and how was it used?

FRENCH FURNITURE

A. Furniture designed during the first half of the seventeenth century is usually categorized
as Louis XIII style. Who’s reign do most scholars attribute the development of true
French Baroque style and with the completion of what structure?
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. Explain why the chairs for Louis XIV were designed to be oversized. Hint: There are two
specific reasons.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
C. Describe the designs of armchairs (fauteuil) and other furnishing items made for the
Palace of Versailles. What were they made of and how were they constructed? Don’t
forget the “wing chair”.
D. What as the difference between the fauteuil and the bergere?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
51

E. What is a tabouret?, A canapé? _____________ .

Describe.________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. Describe how the Renaissance or Medieval chest transformed to the popular commode
in the Baroque period. Who was the designer and what his trademark was. Give a
thorough description of the commode and its uses.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. What are the bronze appliqués on the commode called? _________________________.
H. Describe, in depth, other furnishings of the French Baroque period; cabinets, tables.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
52

I. When was the daybed introduced and why?

ENGLISH FURNITURE

A. What are the three prevalent English furniture styles of the seventeenth century?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. Whose architectural achievements are credited towards the English Baroque style?
_______________________________________________________________________.
C. Describe the Late Jacobean style.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
53

D. Since true oriental lacquering processes were not known to European cabinet makers,
how did they improvise their painting finishes on furniture? How did they finish the
piece?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
E. The English Baroque period is often called the age of ____________________________.
Explain._________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
F. What changes were taking place in furniture design in the last two decades of the
seventeenth century? Who influenced this change? Explain.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
G. What was the style that replaced the Late Jacobean style? Describe the changes that
took place in this style.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
54

H. Who was instrumental in introducing the French style to William III?

_______________________________________________________________________.
I. Describe the English cabinets.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
J. What eventually replaced the traditional low, horizontal chests and how were they
used? Describe them. Use a separate sheet of paper if necessary. Attach to this page.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
K. What were the typical pulls used on William and Mary case furniture? Describe.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
L. What one consistent characteristic did the William and Mary style have?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
M. Describe some other furniture and accessory pieces from this period.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
55

AMERICAN FURNITURE

A. Where so some of the earliest examples of American furniture come from and why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
B. On a separate sheet of paper describe (in detail) the history of American Furniture
throughout the seventeenth century.

PROJECT: ON POSTER BOARD CREATE A COLLAGE OR POWERPOINT PRESENTATION OF THE

BAROQUE PERIOD & MOVEMENT. INCLUDE ALL COUNTRIES STUDIED IN THIS WORKBOOK &
TEXTS TO DATE.

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History Part 1

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History Part 1

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1

YOU WILL BE GIVEN LESSON PLANS/PACING CHARTS FOR EACH CIVILIZATION

Prehistory to Early Civilizations

EARLY NORTH AMERICA

IT IS TIME TO START STUDYING THE DESIGNERS GUIDE TO FURNITURE STYLES

A. Egypt’s geographical location is where? Northeast Africa

CLASSICAL GREECE AND ROME

EARLY CHRISTIAN DESIGN

A. The Middle Ages is also known as what other period? ___________________________.

L. Give descriptions and uses for the following furniture pieces.

THE MODERN WORLD

COMPLETE ALL OF THE COMAPRISONS IN YOUR FURNITURE STYLE TEXTBOOK. ATTACH TO

A. Define the word renaissance and where it is derived from.

ARCHITECTURAL SETTINGS & DESIGN MOTIFS

E. A multitude of classical artifacts were unearthed in the early sixteenth century.

N. Describe how furniture design started to change and why.

Savonarola(this one has an interesting history)

T. Describe the dining rooms of the Italian Renaissance.

REMEMBER TO ENJOY THE EDUCATION OF EACH OF THESE COUNTRIES

B. Describe the frailer. Why was it named so?

IN FRANCE, THE RENAISSANCE PASSED THROUGH THE SAME THREE PHASES AS IN

A. What did the Early Renaissance in France first appear in?

D. French styles are usually identified by what? Give some examples.

J. Describe Biedermeier and how it originated.

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE DESIGN STYLES ARE IDENTIFIED, AS IN FRANCE, WITH THE

A. What century did the Renaissance first appear in England? _______________________.

THE BAROQUE PERIOD, SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

E. Describe Annibale Carracci’s work on this structure.

Y. Describe seventeenth-century American architecture and why it was so different than

F. What is chinoiserie and how was it used?

E. What is a tabouret?________________, A canapé? _____________________________ .

I. When was the daybed introduced and why?

H. Who was instrumental in introducing the French style to William III?

PROJECT: ON POSTER BOARD CREATE A COLLAGE OR POWERPOINT PRESENTATION OF THE

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E. What is a tabouret?, A canapé? _____________ .