Short term training module for

Electrical Safety

Based on May 2023 Occupational Standard

Module Title: Electrical Safety

Module code: MLS OHS4 M05 0523
Nominal duration: 16 Hours

Prepared by: Ministry of Labor and Skill

May, 2023
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 Table of Contents

Acknowledgment .................................................................................................................. 3
Acronym ................................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction to the Module .................................................................................................... 5
Unit One: Electrical Safety Standards ....................................................................................... 6
1.1 Safety Standards for Electrical System ........................................................................ 7
1.2 Electrical Safety Models ............................................................................................... 9
Self-Check 1 ........................................................................................................................ 10
Unit Two: Electrical Safety Risk Assessment .......................................................................... 11
2.1 Procedure of Identifying Electrical Hazard ................................................................ 12
2.2 Electrical Safety Risk Assessment ............................................................................. 14
2.3 Controlling Electrical Hazard ..................................................................................... 17
Self-Check-2 ........................................................................................................................ 23
Operation sheet 2 ................................................................................................................. 24
Lap Test 2 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Unit Three: Safe Work Practice Techniques .......................................................................... 26
3.1 Energized work Practice ................................................................................................ 27
3.2 De Energized Work Practice ......................................................................................... 28
3.3 Tool Inspection and Appropriate PPE ........................................................................... 28
3.4 Work Lockout/tagout (LO/TO) procedure .................................................................... 34
3.5 Grounding and isolation ................................................................................................ 37
Self-check-3 ........................................................................................................................ 40
Operation sheet 3: Apply Lock Out Tag Out ...................................................................... 42
Lap Test 3 ............................................................................................................................ 43
Reference ............................................................................................................................. 44

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Acknowledgment
The Ministry of Labor and skill wishes to thank to MoLS experts, TVT trainers, university
instructors and industry experts who contribute their time and professional experience to the
development of this Training module for Short Term Occupational safety and health.

We would like also to express our appreciation to the regional labor and skill bureaus, labor and
inspection institute development bureaus, TVT colleges, HSE privet consultants for their
cooperation and technical support of this training module development.

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Acronym
EHS Environment, health and safety
IPE Insulating Protective Equipment
IPE Insulating Protective Equipment
LO Lock out
MSDs Musculoskeletal disorders
MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheets
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
OSHA Occupational safety and health association
PPE Personal protective equipment
ESD Electrostatic discharge
TO Tag out

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Introduction to the Module
In Occupational Health and Safety field, Practice Occupational Safety is very important for safe
working of employees and safe handling of resources, tools and equipment’s. It helps to know basic
concepts on electrical safety.
This module is designed to meet the industry requirement under the Occupational Health and Safety
occupational standard, particularly for the unit of competency: Implement Electrical Safety.
This module covers the units:
• Electrical Safety Standards
• Electrical safety Risk Assessment
• Safe work Practice and Techniques
Training Objective of the Module
• Implement high voltage electrical safety
• Implement electrical safety techniques
Module Instruction
For effective use these modules trainees are expected to follow the following module instruction:
1. Read the information written in each unit
2. Accomplish the Self-checks at the end of each unit
3. Perform Operation Sheets which were provided at the end of units
4. Do the “LAP test” giver at the end of each unit and
5. Read the identified reference book for Examples and exercise

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Unit One: Electrical Safety Standards

This unit is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content
coverage and topics:
• Safety Standards for Electrical System
• Electrical safety models
This unit will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
• Apply Safe procedure and technique when working with the high voltage area

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 1.1 Safety Standards for Electrical System
Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and
dangerous effects on workers from electric current, arcing, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.
Electrical safety refers to any type of precaution taken to protect against electric currents.
• Ensure that workers know how to use the electrical equipment safely.
• Make sure enough sockets are available. Check that socket outlets are not overloaded by using
unfused adaptors as this can cause fires.
• Ensure there are no trailing cables that can cause people to trip or fall.
• Switch off and unplug appliances before cleaning or adjusting them.
• Ensure everyone looks for electrical wires, cables or equipment near where they are going to
work and check for signs warning of dangers from electricity, or any other hazard. Checks
should be made around the job, and remember that electrical cables may be within walls, floors
and ceilings etc. (especially when drilling into these locations).
• Make sure anyone working with electricity has sufficient skills, knowledge and experience to
do so. Incorrectly wiring a plug can be dangerous and lead to fatal accidents or fires.
• Stop using equipment immediately if it appears to be faulty – have it checked by a competent
person.
• Ensure any electrical equipment brought to work by workers, or any hired or borrowed, is
suitable for use before using it and remains suitable by being maintained as necessary.
• Consider using a residual current device (RCD) between the electrical supply and the
equipment, especially when working outdoors, or within a wet or confined place.
High voltage safety refers to the precautions and practices necessary to prevent injury or death from
electric shock exposure to high voltage electricity. High voltage electricity is defined as any electrical
current greater than 600 volts. It is typically found in power lines, transformers, and other electrical
equipment used in industrial and commercial settings.

The following are some essential safety measures to keep in mind when working around high voltage
electricity:
• Proper training: Anyone working around high voltage systems should be trained on the
proper safety procedures and precautions when dealing with energized equipment. This

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 includes knowing how to use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly and understanding
the potential hazards of working with high voltage electricity.
• Use of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is
essential for working safely around high voltage equipment. This includes insulated gloves,
safety glasses, and fire-resistant clothing.
• Lockout/tag out procedures: Lockout/tag out procedures prevents accidental energization of
electrical equipment during maintenance or repair work. This involves turning off the power
source and securing it with a lock or tag to prevent someone from accidentally turning it back
on.
• Electrical hazard analysis: Before working on any electrical equipment, performing an
electrical hazard analysis is important to identify potential hazards and develop a mitigation
plan.
• Safe work practices: Safe work practices are essential for preventing accidents and injuries
around high voltage electricity. These include never working alone, always maintaining a safe
distance from electrical equipment, and never assuming that electrical equipment is de-
energized and grounded.
• Emergency procedures: In the event of an electrical accident or injury, it is important to have
emergency procedures in place to ensure a prompt response and minimize the risk of further
injuries or damage.

Figure 1-1: Safety sign of high voltage Figure 1-2: Working at high voltage electricity

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1.2Electrical Safety Models

To be safe, you must think about your job and plan for hazards. To make sure you're safe before,
during and after electrical work are performed; follow the three-step process of the Electrical Safety
Model:
• Recognize hazards: To avoid injury or death, you must first understand and recognize
hazards.
• Evaluate risk: You need to evaluate the situation you are in and assess your risks.
• Control hazards: You need to control hazards by creating a safe work environment, by
using safe work practices, and by reporting hazards to a supervisor or trainer.
Use the safety model to:
• Identify electrical hazards in your workplace or worksite.
• Don't listen to reckless, dangerous people who encourage you to take unsafe short cuts.
• Evaluate your risk as you perform each new task.
• Take steps to control hazards immediately as you discover them.

Figure 1-3: The Electrical Safety Model

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Self-Check 1
Part-I: Choose the correct answer
1. Types of injuries occurred due to electricity
A. Electrical shocks
B. Electrical burns
C. Electrocution
D. ALL
2. The best or safest form of electrical shock is _________!
A) freezing B. safety C. awareness D. no shock at all
3. Safely worked on while energized burns occur when current flows along the skin or within the
body (most dangerous).
A) Fire B. Either electrical or fire C. Electrical D. None of the answer
4.Overhead electric Lines must be de energized and grounded
A. True B. False
5. What is the first step in the Electrical Safety Model?
A. Recognizing hazards
B. Organizing hazards
C. Evaluating risk
D. Controlling hazards
Part-II: Answer the following accordingly
1. Define High voltage electricity
2. What is electrical safety model and the steps followed in developing electrical safety model

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Unit Two: Electrical Safety Risk Assessment
This unit to provide you the necessary information regarding the following content coverage
and topics:
• Producer of identifying electrical hazard
• Electrical safety Risk assessment
• Controlling electrical hazard
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
• Identify hazard and risk associated with high Voltage hazard

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2.1 Procedure of Identifying Electrical Hazard
Electrical equipment is a common sight in nearly all workplaces. People who work either directly or
indirectly with electricity are often exposed to electrical hazards. Most electrical hazards can be
avoided with a proper understanding of electrical equipment and by following some simple
precautions. Described below are some of the most common electrical risks.
• Overhead power lines
Overhead power lines are one of the most common workplace electrical hazards. They carry high
voltages and can cause severe electrical shock and burns. Contact with them may even lead to
electrocution, or death by electric shock. It is critical to maintain a minimum distance of 10 feet from
them. Any equipment you are using must also stay at least 10 feet away. Install safety barriers with
clear warning signs before beginning work. Conduct regular site surveys and ensure that nothing is
stored under the overhead power lines.
• Faulty or damaged electrical equipment
Often times, people tend to ignore faulty or damaged electrical equipment or tools used to handle such
equipment. This can prove to be fatal. Always inspect all the tools and equipment for cracks, cuts, or
abrasions before use. Cables, cords, wires, and other electrical components should not have any type
of fraying or defects. Insulation must be intact. If any tools or equipment are faulty or damaged, they
should be immediately removed from service until they can be repaired or replaced. Electrical tape is
not suitable for repairing damaged insulation on electrical tools and equipment. Lockout/Tagout
(LOTO) procedures should always be initiated prior to performing repairs and maintenance on
electrical equipment. These procedures are designed to safeguard people working with electrical
equipment by keeping the equipment de-energized.
• Overloaded circuits and improper wiring
Improper wiring and overloading circuits can result in equipment overheating and fires. First, only use
electrical equipment that you are trained and qualified to use. When you need to use an extension cord
or power strip, make sure it is compatible with the equipment you are plugging into it. Also, make sure
you aren’t plugging too many devices into an extension cord or power strip, as this can cause too much
electricity to flow through it and ultimately lead to a fire. Upgrade wiring according to the needs of
your equipment. Do not overload outlets and use appropriate circuit breakers. Carry out periodical fire
safety audits to identify any risks of improper wiring and overloaded circuits.

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• Poor grounding
This is a common error seen in many workplaces. Portable electrical equipment and tools must be
grounded or double-insulated to help prevent the path of electricity from coming into contact with
your body. Check any cords you use for a grounding prong, and that the grounding prong is not
damaged. Double-insulated tools will be marked as such by the manufacturer on a tag or label. When
electrical equipment isn’t grounded or insulated properly, your risk of electrical shock and burns from
using the equipment is higher.
• Wet environments
Water and electrical equipment are undoubtedly a recipe for disaster. Because water is a good
conductor of electricity, wet environments increase the risk of electrical shock, especially if the
equipment has damaged insulation. Make sure that you never operate any electrical equipment in wet
locations. Make sure your hands are completely dry before plugging in, unplugging, or using electrical
equipment. Whenever possible, keep the work area dry and free of any clutter. If electrical equipment
does get wet, consult a qualified electrical worker before touching or using it.
• Causes of Electrical Hazards
➢ Faulty or damaged wiring or equipment: This is a common cause of electrical hazards.
Electrical wiring and equipment can get damaged due to various reasons, such as wear and
tear, exposure to the elements, or physical damage.
➢ Loose connections: Loose connections can lead to overheating and arcing, which can cause
electrical fires and shock hazards.
➢ Use of poor-quality fittings: Poor quality fittings, such as plugs and sockets, can increase
the risk of electrical hazards. These fittings may not be able to handle the electrical load,
leading to overheating and other hazards.
➢ Lack of earthing/bonding and grounding: Earthing/bonding and grounding are essential for
electrical safety. Without proper earthing and grounding, electrical equipment and systems
can become energized, leading to shock hazards.
➢ Use of overrated fuse or jumper: Overrated fuses and jumpers can lead to overloading of
electrical equipment and systems, which can cause overheating, arcing, and electrical fires.
➢ Working on live equipment: Working on live equipment is one of the most dangerous
causes of electrical hazards. It increases the risk of electric shock and can be fatal.

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 ➢ Overloading of power sockets and equipment: Overloading of power sockets and
equipment can cause overheating and increase the risk of electrical fires.
➢ Poor housekeeping: Poor housekeeping, such as cluttered workspaces and blocked
electrical panels, can increase the risk of electrical hazards.
➢ Handling of electrical equipment with an incompetent person and lack of training
awareness: Improper handling of electrical equipment and lack of training awareness can
lead to accidents and injuries.
➢ Lack of safe working procedures and communication: Lack of safe working procedures and
communication can increase the risk of electrical hazards. It is essential to have clear
procedures and effective communication to ensure electrical safety.
➢ Failure to use appropriate PPE: Failure to use appropriate PPE, such as insulated gloves
and safety glasses, can increase the risk of electrical hazards.

2.2 Electrical Safety Risk Assessment

The intent of this procedure is to perform a risk assessment, which includes a review of the electrical
hazards, the associated foreseeable tasks, and the protective measures that are required in order to
maintain a tolerable level of risk. A risk assessment should be performed before work is started.
Risk Assessment Steps
• Identify the electrical hazards associated with the task and the electrical system, or electrical
process involved (example: shock hazard risk; arc flash hazard risk).
• Identify the electrical work to be performed within the electrical system or process.
• Define the possible failure modes that result in exposure to electrical hazards and the potential
resultant harm.
• Assess the severity of the potential injury from the electrical hazards.
• Determine the likelihood of the occurrence for each hazard.
• Define the level of risk for the associated hazard.
• If the level of risk is not acceptable, identify the additional measures or corrective actions to be
taken. Example: wear appropriate personal protective equipment and if the risk too great, do not
perform the task.

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• Contact with electricity can cause serious injuries, including:
➢ Electrical shocks
➢ Electrical burns
➢ Electrocution
Electric shock is the convulsive reaction by the human body to the flow of electric current through it.A
severe shock can cause much more damage to the body than is visible. Like:
• Internal bleeding and
• Destruction of tissues, nerves, and
• Ventricular fibrillation (very rapid, ineffective heartbeat) cause death within a few minutes.
• Heart paralysis occurs at 4 amps, which means the heart does not pump at all.
• Respiratory paralysis (may be fatal)/respiratory failure
• Muscular contraction (can’t let go)/ muscular spasm
• The final injury may well be from a fall, cuts, burns, or broken bones.
The effect of electric shock and the resultant severity of injury depend upon several factors:
• Body resistance (wet or dry skin are major factors of resistance)
• Circuit voltage
• Amount of current flowing through the body
• Current path through the body
• Area of contact
• Duration of contact
The most common shock-related, nonfatal injury is a burn. Burns caused by electricity may be of three
types:
• Electrical burns,
• Arc burns, and
• Thermal contact burns.
Electrical Burns
• Electrical burns are the result of the electric current flowing through tissues or bone.

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 • Tissue damage is caused by the heat generated by the current flow through the body. Usually
more severe than those caused by heat, since they can penetrate deep into the tissues of the
body.

Figure 2-1: Electric burn on human body

Arc burns
• Arc or flash burns, are the result of high temperatures produced by an electric arc or explosion.

Figure 2-2: Arc burns

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Thermal Contact Burns.
• When the skin comes in contact with hot surfaces of overheated electric conductors, conduits,
or other equipment.
The effect of electric current on the human body depends on its
• pathway through the body (e.g., hand to hand or hand to foot),
• the length of time of the shock and
• the size of the current

2.3 Controlling Electrical Hazard

•

The major hazards associated with electricity are electrical shock and fire. Electrical shock occurs
when the body becomes part of the electric circuit, either when an individual comes in contact with
both wires of an electrical circuit, one wire of an energized circuit and the ground, or a metallic part
that has become energized by contact with an electrical conductor.
The severity and effects of an electrical shock depend on a number of factors, such as the pathway
through the body, the amount of current, the length of time of the exposure, and whether the skin is
wet or dry. Water is a great conductor of electricity, allowing current to flow more easily in wet
conditions and through wet skin. The effect of the shock may range from a slight tingle to severe burns
to cardiac arrest.
The general relationship between the degree of injury and amount of current for a 60-cycle hand-to-
foot path of one second's duration of shock. While reading this chart, keep in mind that most electrical
circuits can provide, under normal conditions, up to 20,000 milliamperes of current flow.
Table 2-1 the degree of injury
Currents Reaction
1milliampere Perception level

5milliampere Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing

6-30milliamper Painful shock; "let-go" range
50-150milliamper Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contraction
1000-4300 milliampere Ventricular fibrillation
10000+ milliampere Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death

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In addition to the electrical shock hazards, sparks from electrical equipment can serve as an ignition
source for flammable or explosive vapors or combustible materials.
Loss of electrical power can create hazardous situations. Flammable or toxic vapors may be released
as a chemical warm when a refrigerator or freezer fails. Fume hoods may cease to operate, allowing
vapors to be released into the laboratory. If magnetic or mechanical stirrers fail to operate, safe mixing
of reagents may be compromised.
• Electric shock
Electric shock is another hazard common to many pieces of laboratory equipment. Any electrically
powered item of laboratory equipment which is subject to spillage of chemicals or water, or exhibit
signs of excessive wear should be used carefully.
Electrical shocks occur when the electrical circuit completed by the part of human body. One way this
can occur is by contacting a metallic part of a piece of equipment that has become energized by
contact with an electrical conductor. The severity of the electrical shock depends on the following:
➢ The amount of the current (given as a list above)
➢ The pathway through the body
➢ The duration of the exposure
➢ Whether the skin is wet or dry
A victim of electrical shock could be knocked unconscious. If the victim is still in contact with the live
power source, turn off the live source or press the emergency power cut off button before
administering aid. Do not touch anyone that is still in contact with a live power source, as you could be
electrocuted as well
After disconnecting power, administer first aid and/or call Health Center.
• Resistive heating
Even if an individual survives a shock episode, there may be immediate and long-term harm on tissue,
nerves, and muscle due to heat generated by the current flowing through the body. The heat generated
is basically resistive heating such as would be generated in heating coils in a small space heater.
The scope of the effects of external electrical burns is usually immediately apparent, but the total
effect of internal burns may become manifest later on by losses of important body functions due to the

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destruction of critical internal organs, including portions of the nervous system, which is especially
vulnerable.
If a victim has resistive heating burns; you should apply “Burn Kit”, then call Health Center (7666).
• Spark ignition sources
Induction motors should be used in most laboratory applications instead of series-wound electric
motors, which generate sparks from the contacts of the carbon brushes. It is vital to use non-sparking
motors in pieces of equipment which result in considerable amounts of vapour, such as blenders,
evaporators, or stirrers. Equivalent ordinary equipment or other items such as vacuum cleaners, drills,
rotary saws, or other power equipment are not suitable for use in laboratories where solvents are in
use. Blowers used in fume exhaust systems should at least have non-sparking fan blades, but in critical
situations with easily ignitable vapors being exhausted, it may be worth the additional cost of a fully
explosion-proof blower unit.
Any device in which an electrically live circuit makes and breaks, as in a thermostat, an on-off switch,
or other control mechanism, is a potential source of ignition for flammable gases or vapors. Special
care should be taken to eliminate such ignition sources in equipment in which the vapors may become
confined, as already discussed for refrigerators and freezers. It is also possible in other equipment such
as blenders, mixers, and ovens and the use of such devices should not be permitted with or in the
vicinity of materials which emit potentially flammable vapors.
• Preventative steps
There are various ways of protecting people from the hazards caused by electricity, including
insulation, guarding, grounding, and electrical protective devices. Laboratory users can significantly
reduce electrical hazards by following some basic precautions:
➢ Inspect wiring of equipment before each use. Replace damaged or frayed electrical
cords immediately.
➢ Use safe work practices every time electrical equipment is used.
➢ Know the location and how to operate shut-off switches and/or circuit breaker panels. Use
these devices to shut off equipment in the event of a fire or electrocution.
➢ Limit the use of extension cords. Use only for temporary operations and then only for short
periods of time. In all other cases, request installation of a new electrical outlet.
➢ Multi-plug adapters must have circuit breakers or fuses.

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 ➢ Place exposed electrical conductors (such as those sometimes used with
electrophoresis devices) behind shields.
➢ Minimize the potential for water or chemical spills on or near electrical equipment.
• Insulation
➢ All electrical cords should have sufficient insulation to prevent direct contact with wires. In a
laboratory, it is particularly important to check all cords before each use, since
corrosive chemicals or solvents may erode the insulation.
➢ Damaged cords should be repaired or taken out of service immediately, especially in wet
environments such as cold rooms and near water baths.
Any of the following circumstances requires that the user immediately take the equipment out of
service:
➢ Experiencing shocks, even mild shocks, upon contact
➢ Abnormal heat generation
➢ Arcing, sparking, or smoking from the equipment
Laboratory users must label the equipment, “Do Not Use” and should arrange for equipment repair
either through the equipment manufacturer or through their department support as appropriate.
• Guarding
Live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 Volts or more (i.e., electrophoresis devices) must be
guarded against accidental contact. Plexiglas shields may be used to protect against exposed live parts.

Figure 2-3: Guarding and grounding

• Grounding

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Only equipment with two-prong plugs should be used in the laboratory. The two prong (shown in the
above image) provides a path to ground for internal electrical short circuits, thereby protecting the user
from a potential electrical shock.
• Circuit Protection Devices
Circuit protection devices are designed to automatically limit or shut off the flow of electricity in the
event of a ground-fault, overload or short circuit in the wiring system. Fuses and circuit
breakers prevent over-heating of wires and components that might otherwise create fire hazards. They
disconnect the circuit when it becomes overloaded. This overload protection is very useful for
equipment that is left on for extended periods of time, such as stirrers, vacuum pumps, drying ovens,
Variacs and other electrical equipment.
The ground-fault circuit interrupter, or GFCI, is designed to shut-off electric power if a ground fault is
detected, protecting the user from a potential electrical shock. The GFCI is particularly useful near
sinks and wet locations. Since GFCIs can cause equipment to shut down unexpectedly, they may not
be appropriate for certain apparatus. Portable GFCI adapters (available in most safety supply catalogs)
may be used with a non-GFCI outlet.
• Motors
In laboratories where volatile flammable materials are used, motor-driven electrical equipment should
be equipped with non-sparking induction motors or air motors. These motors must meet Turkish
Standard Electric Safety Code explosion resistance specifications. Many stirrers, variacs, outlet strips,
ovens, heat tape, hot plates and heat guns do not conform to these code requirements.
Avoid series-wound motors, such as those generally found in some vacuum pumps, rotary evaporators
and stirrers. Series-wound motors are also usually found in household appliances such as blenders,
mixers, vacuum cleaners and power drills. These appliances should not be used unless
flammable vapors are adequately controlled.
Although some newer items of equipment have spark-free induction motors, the on-off switches and
speed controls may be able to produce a spark when they are adjusted because they have exposed
contacts. One solution is to remove any switches located on the device and insert a switch on the cord
near the plug end.
• Safe work practices
The following practices may reduce risk of injury or fire when working with electrical equipment:

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 ➢ Keep away from the energized or loaded circuits.
➢ Sources of electricity and exposed circuits must be guarded.
➢ Disconnect the device from the source in the period of service or maintenance of the device.
➢ Disconnect the power source before servicing or repairing electrical equipment.
➢ Handling the equipment that is plugged in, if it is necessary, hands or contacting parts must be
dry and, wear non-conductive gloves and insulated-soles shoes.
➢ If it is safe to work with only one hand, keep the other hand away from all conductive material.
This step reduces accidents that result in current passing through the chest cavity.
➢ Utilization of electrical equipment in cold rooms must be minimized due to condensation
issues. If it is imperative to use such areas, the equipment must be fixed on a wall or vertical
panel.
➢ If the device interacts with water or other liquid chemicals, equipment must be shut off power
at the main switch or circuit breaker and unplugged.
➢ If an individual comes in contact with a live electric, do not touch the equipment, source, cord
or individual. Disconnect the power source from the circuit breaker or pull out the plug using a
leather belt.

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Self-Check-2
Part-I: Choose the correct answer
1. To make sure electrical protective equipment actually performs as designed, it must be
inspected for damage _____.
A. prior to the beginning of a work shift and monthly
B. before each use and quarterly thereafter
C. monthly and following any incident causing damage
D. Before each day's use and when damage is suspected.
2. __________ is a conducting object through which a direct connection to earth is established.
A) equipment-bonding
B) equipment-grounding
C) grounding-electrode
D) Either A or C
3. Both __________ voltages and _________ body resistances will reduce the degree of electrical
shock or damage to the human body.
A) lower; higher
B) higher; lower
C) higher; higher
D) lower; lower
4. During a severe electrical shock, __________ burns are normally caused by contact with the
superheated air or surrounding metals of an arcing fault.
A) Arc
B) Electrical
C) All of the answers
D) thermal-contact

Part-II: Answer the following accordingly

1. The severity of the electrical shock depends on?
2. __________ are the result of high temperature produced by an electrical arc or explosion.
3. __________equipment is undoubtedly a recipe for disaster.

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Operation sheet 2 Electrical safety risk assessment
Purpose: Hazard control

Risk Assessment Steps

• Identify the electrical hazards associated with the task and the electrical system, or electrical
process involved (example: shock hazard risk; arc flash hazard risk).
• Identify the electrical work to be performed within the electrical system or process.
• Define the possible failure modes that result in exposure to electrical hazards and the potential
resultant harm.
• Assess the severity of the potential injury from the electrical hazards.
• Determine the likelihood of the occurrence for each hazard.
• Define the level of risk for the associated hazard.
Precautions:

• Wearing proper PPE

• Make working area hazard free

• Follow appropriate procedures

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Lap Test 2
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to perform the
following tasks accordingly.
Task 1: Implement hazard control

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Unit Three: Safe Work Practice Techniques

This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
• Energized work practice
• De energized work practices
• Tool inspection and appropriate PPE
• Lockout/tagout (LO/TO) procedure
• Grounding and isolation
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcomes stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this learning guide, you will be able to:
• Apply lookout and tag out procedure

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 3.1 Energized work Practice
Energized electrical work is defined as work conducted on equipment that has not been de-energized.
In the work environment, a Qualified Person may have to work on an energized circuit to troubleshoot
equipment while it is running or has to be running in order to make sure that equipment calibration or
tuning is being completed correctly. While it is uncommon, there are certain situations when work
may need to be performed on an energized part of system.
Many electrical lines, circuits, and systems are worked on while energized. This is often because the
system loading or its configuration, or both, makes it impossible to de energize the system, or because
continuity of customer service must be maintained. However, some work can only be done with the
system DE energized, such as splicing underground cable or work inside a boiler. Most electric work
can be done safely while energized using special techniques and equipment that have been developed
over the years.
Energized work on electrical systems is performed in a number of ways:
• Typically workers wear insulating (rubber) gloves (with protectors) and also insulating sleeves (if
required) when working on live systems.
• In some instances, local ordinances, labor contracts, or company policy may require that workers
use insulating live line tools (for example, hot sticks, switch sticks, and shotgun sticks) on primary
distribution systems.
• Live line/bare hand techniques are sometimes used for work on higher distribution voltages and
transmission voltages.
• Workers use Insulating Protective Equipment (IPE) such as line hose, blankets, and covers.
To perform energized work, workers must first be thoroughly trained and proficient in the work
practices and protective equipment needed.
Employees are considered working on or near exposed energized parts when working on exposed live
parts either by direct contact or contact be means of tools or materials or when working near enough to
energized parts to be exposed to any hazard they present. Only qualified persons are permitted to
work on electric circuit parts or equipment that have not been de energized (lockout/tag out).
Qualified persons are capable of working safely on energized circuits and are familiar with the proper
use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding
materials, and insulated tools.

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 .
3.2 De Energized Work Practice
De- energization is the removal of hazardous energy from machinery or equipment before lockout is
applied. De-energization may include shutting off a machine and unplugging it, or disconnecting a
switch before a lock is applied to prevent the machine from being started up accidentally.
Once de-energization is complete, lockout can be applied.
Lockout is the use of lock(s) to render machinery or equipment inoperable or to isolate an energy
source. The purpose of lockout is to prevent an energy-isolating device (e.g. circuit breaker, line valve)
from accidentally or inadvertently being operated while workers are performing maintenance on
machinery or equipment. Lockout makes sure machinery or equipment won’t start and injure a worker.
De-energization and lockout required if machinery and equipment could unexpectedly activate or if
the unexpected release of an energy source could cause injury, the energy source must be isolated and
controlled through de-energization and lockout.
When employees work on de energized parts or near enough to them to expose the employees to any
electrical hazard they present, the following safety related work practices must be followed:
• Treat as energized any conductors and parts of electrical equipment that have been de
energized, but have not been properly locked out or tagged.
• While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits
which have been de energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be locked out or tagged or
both. In addition, electrical hazards must be controlled; a qualified person must test the circuit
to verify de energization from all voltage sources.
• Safe procedures for de energizing circuits and equipment must be determined before circuits or
equipment are de energized. All electric energy sources must be disconnected. Control circuit
devices, such as push buttons, electric switches, and interlocks must not be used as the sole
means of de energizing circuits or equipment. Interlocks must not be used as a substitute for
lockout and tagging procedures.
3.3 Tool Inspection and Appropriate PPE
A. Electrical Tool Inspection

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Inspecting Electrical Safety Tools can help prevent injury. The best times to inspect the electrical
safety tools are to check it for damage before each use. One good way to do that is by examining the
switches to see if they are damaged or if they have faulty trigger locks. Also, examining the electrical
safety tool for cracks and signs of other damage is another good way to practice good electrical safety.
Furthermore, checking cords for defects such as fraying, cracking and other kinds of wear and tear
helps to keep anyone who uses electrical safety tools in the future safe.
1. Handling Defective Electrical Safety Tools
If electrical safety tools are defective, immediately stop using them and mark them, “out of service for
repair.” Avoid even using the temporarily; replace an electrical safety tool immediately to prevent
injury. Also keep in mind that all defective electrical safety tools should be repaired by a qualified
service person.
2. Electrical Safety Tool Tips Before Operation
As mentioned earlier, only qualified people should be using electrical safety tools. Consult the
operator’s manual if doubt on usage exists and operate the electrical safety tool based on the
manufacturer’s instructions. Check electrical safety tools for the correct shield, guard or any other
manufacturer-recommended attachment and ensure that any used electric tool is approved and tested.
Also, check that any used electrical safety tool has a three-prong plug (for proper grounding) and have
two levels of insulation with appropriate labeling so that users are protected from electrical shock.
Three-pronged plugs should be plugged into three-pronged outlets. Never take off the third, grounding
prong to fit the plug into a two-pronged outlet. Finally, ensure that the electrical tool is turned off
before plugging it into a power supply.
3. Electrical Hand Tool Precautions During Operation
Ensure that you wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for any required work. PPE
items could include electrical safety shoes, electrical safety glasses, dust masks, or electrical safety
gloves.
4. Tips to Avoid Electrical Safety Tool Dangers
When you’re finished using the tool, turn the power off by flicking the switch and then taking out the
plug. You could find yourself victim to an electric shock if you pull out the plug while electrical safety
tools are still in operation. Also, remove the power cord gently and don’t jerk it from the outlet. Ensure
that the power is off and unplugged; don’t leave the power on unattended. If you’re operating an

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electrical safety tool in wet conditions, use a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) connection to
avoid electric shock. Don’t operate any electrical tool without one or expose the electric tool to damp
conditions or rain.
B. Electrical Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Figure 3-1: Electrical Protective Gloves

Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards must be provided with, and
use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body protected and
for the work performed. Personal Protective Equipment refers to items typically worn by a worker to
provide protection from recognized hazards. PPE for the electric power industry generally includes:
• safety glasses,
• face shields,
• hard hats,
• safety shoes,
• insulating (rubber) gloves with leather protectors,
• insulating sleeves, and
• Flame-resistant (FR) clothing.
To prevent injury from exposure to electrical conductors, it's important that all electrical protective
equipment be maintained in a safe and reliable condition. All electrical protective equipment made of
rubber should meet the established safety standards and specifications discussed in the next few
sections.
A. Electrical Protective Gloves

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Protector gloves must be worn over insulating gloves. An exception is when using Class 0 gloves,
under limited-use conditions, where small equipment and parts manipulation necessitate unusually
high finger dexterity. But, it's important to note that extra care must be taken while visually examining
the glove. Also, make sure to avoid handling sharp objects. Any other class of glove may be used for
similar work without protector gloves if the employer can demonstrate that the possibility of physical
damage to the gloves is small and if the class of glove is one class higher than that required for the
voltage involved. Insulating gloves that have been used without protector gloves may not be used at a
higher voltage until they have been tested.

Figure 3-2: Electrical Protective Gloves /over insulating gloves.

B. Insulating Protective Equipment (IPE)

Figure 3-3: Heavy blankets can limit the effective of arc blast or flash.
Electric power workers working on high voltage circuits (600 V and above) often use Insulating
Protective Equipment (IPE). Since IPE is not worn, it is technically not considered to be electrical

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Personal protective equipment (PPE). To prevent injury from exposure to electrical conductors, it's
important that all IPE be maintained in a safe and reliable condition. IPE includes the following:
• line hoses,
• rubber hoods,
• rubber blankets, and
• Insulating live-line tools (for example, hot sticks, switch sticks, or shotgun sticks) for
protection.
3. Inspecting Equipment

Figure 3-4: Inspect for defects.

To make sure electrical protective equipment actually performs as designed, it must be inspected for
damage at the following times:
before each day's use, and immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected of
having caused damage. Insulating gloves must be given an air test, along with the inspection.
4. Defects
Insulating equipment must not be used if any of the following defects are detected:
• a hole, tear, puncture, or cut;
• ozone cutting or ozone checking (the cutting action produced by ozone on rubber under
mechanical stress into a series of interlacing cracks);
• an embedded foreign object;
• changes in the texture including, swelling, softening, hardening, or becoming sticky or
inelastic; or
• Any other defect that damages the insulating properties.

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Insulating equipment found to have other defects that might affect its insulating properties must be
removed from service and returned for testing. It must be cleaned as needed to remove foreign
substances. It must be stored in such a location and in such a manner to protect it from:
• light;
• temperature extremes;
• excessive humidity;
• ozone; and
• Other injurious substances and conditions.
A. Testing

Figure 3-5: Testing electrical protective gloves for defects.

Rubber insulating equipment is tested for maximum intervals between electrical testing according the
schedule below: Rubber Insulating Equipment and When to Test:
• Rubber insulating line hose - Upon indication that insulating value is suspect and after repair.
• Rubber insulating covers - Upon indication that insulating value is suspect and after repair.
• Rubber insulating blankets - Before first issue and every 12 months thereafter1 upon
indication that insulating value is suspect; and after repair.
• Rubber insulating gloves - Before first issue and every 6 months thereafter1 upon indication
that insulating value is suspect; after repair; and after use without protectors.
• Rubber insulating sleeves - Before first issue and every 12 months thereafter1 upon indication
that insulating value is suspect; and after repair.
Footnote (1): If the insulating equipment has been electrically tested but not issued for service, it may
not be placed into service unless it has been electrically tested within the previous 12 months. The test

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method used must reliably indicate whether the insulating equipment can withstand the voltages
involved. Repaired insulating equipment must be retested before it may be used by employees.
B. Certification
The employer must certify that equipment has been tested in accordance with the requirements of the
standard, and the certification must identify the equipment that passed the test and the date it was
tested. Marking equipment and entering the results of the tests and the testing dates onto logs are two
acceptable ways to meet this requirement.
C. General Electrical Protective Equipment and Tools

Figure 3-6: Safety signs alert people about electrical hazards.

3.4 Work Lockout/tagout (LO/TO) procedure
Lockout Tag out is a planned safety procedure that disables the energy supply of industrial machinery
and equipment whilst servicing, maintenance work or repairs are in progress. The aim of this system is
to effectively protect workers from the dangers created by live machinery or electricity, therefore
lowering the overall level of risk when working with this equipment. The standard procedure for
implementing Lockout Tag out is laid out below. All steps should be carried out either by a single
authorized employee or the employer, and company regulations must be followed at all times when
implementing the Lockout Tag out procedure.
Step 1: Preparation

Prepare for a shutdown of energy source. Identify the type of energy used (e.g. electrical) and the
potential risks, considering the type and magnitude of the energy and how it can be controlled.

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Step 2: Notification

Locate the isolator(s) and prepare to ‘lock off’ energy source. Inform any operators and supervisors
who may be affected by isolating the machinery and make them aware of the work being carried out.
Ensure all affected staff understands the lockout procedure.
Step 3: Shut-down

Turn off the equipment or machine, following established procedures and ensuring that there are no
increased hazards from equipment stoppage. Isolate equipment from energy sources, by disconnecting
switches, circuit breakers, valves etc. Any stored energy in the equipment should be released, for
example by bleeding off pressure, allowing equipment to cool, discharging capacitors, draining lines,
or any other methods specified in lockout procedures for individual machines.
Step 4: Lock Off

Lock off all energy sources in the safe/off position, at each isolating device, using the proper lockout
devices. Apply a lock so no one can turn the switch or valve whilst the work is in progress. Warn
against accidental use by attaching lockout warning tags. If several employees are working on the
same equipment, make sure each puts in place their own identification label and own safety padlock.
Step 5: Test

Check all of the machine controls and electrical circuits to ensure energy is completely isolated.
(Release stored energy, verify machine in ‘zero energy state’- operate controls to verify isolated before
returning to ‘off’ position. Could include reading pressure/temperature gauges, using test equipment)
Step 6: Repair or rework

Perform maintenance/servicing/repairs.
Step 7: Return to service

When the work is completed take off the lockout/tag out devices and proceed to test, ensuring that all
tools and mechanical and electrical lockout devices have been removed. Lockout devices must be only
be removed by the person who applied them- if several employees are working on the same piece of
equipment, the team supervisor must remove their lockout device last. Warn all workers before re-
energizing, check the work area to ensure all employees are at a safe distance from the equipment, and
restore the energy supply to the machine.

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 • Danger Locks (RED) – Uniquely keyed and issued for locking an isolation point.

Figure 3-7: Danger lock

• Hasp/Scissor Plate
Prevents the movement of an isolation point and allows the attachment of a number of locks.

Figure 3-8: Hasp/Scissor Plate

Completed Isolations Note: the use of scissor plate to isolation switch/battery isolator and placement
of personal danger lock and personal danger tag

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 Figure 3-9 Complete isolation/lockout/tag out (LO/TO)
3.5 Grounding and isolation
A. Grounding
To prevent electrical hazards, always make sure equipment is properly grounded. Electrical grounding
provides an alternate path for electricity to follow, rather than going through a person. Equipment with
a grounding prong must be plugged into an extension cord with a ground; the grounding plug should
not be removed from the equipment.
B. Isolation
Static charges cannot penetrate containers that are made of conductive materials or have a conductive
layer. That’s why electronic components usually arrive in metallized shielding bags or a conductive
tote box. Don’t forget you must ground them before opening. And don’t set these components just
anywhere. What many people fail to realize is that simple items that can be found on any normal work
surface – even (electrostatics discharge) ESD mat – can also cause unnecessary static buildup that
could lead to a fatal discharge.
Transparent tape, plastic sandwich bags, water bottles, Styrofoam coffee cups, even paperwork or
blueprints can hold a static charge just waiting to wreak havoc on unsuspecting components. And even
if you are properly grounded, holding the components too close to your clothing can also result in an
ESD.

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Insulation is used around electric wires to protect the wire from the environment or the environment
(like people) from the wire. It is a key safety feature in wiring. Exposure to water can corrode wires,
C. Prevention
Always take proper precautions when working on electronic components. Follow all of the tips above,
and if you’re going to be working on several components or multiple projects, we recommend
investing in some ESD bench and table matting for your work surface. It integrates well with a
personal ground cord and wrist band and is the best solution for ESD prevention. A few dollars spent
here as well as on ESD protective containers can mean plenty of money saved on ruined components
as well as lost time while waiting for replacements
Advantages of isolated grounding and bonding systems
Isolated grounding and bonding systems have several advantages over non-isolated systems, such as
reducing the risk of electrical noise and interference, ground loops, and common-mode voltages.
These risks can affect the accuracy, quality, lifespan, and safety of sensitive equipment and circuits.
Ground loops can cause errors, distortions, and damages to equipment and circuits. Common-mode
voltages can cause shocks, fires, and interference to equipment and circuits. Isolated grounding and
bonding systems can help protect against these risks.
Grounding and bonding are two important concepts in electrical safety and performance. Grounding
means connecting an electrical system or equipment to the earth or a conductive body that serves as a
reference point for voltage. Bonding means connecting different metallic parts of an electrical system
or equipment to ensure electrical continuity and a common potential. Grounding and bonding help
prevent electric shocks, fires, over voltages, and electromagnetic interference.
When employees work on de energized parts or near enough to them to expose the employees to any
electrical hazard they present, the following safety related work practices must be followed:
• Treat as energized any conductors and parts of electrical equipment that have been de
energized, but have not been properly locked out or tagged.
• While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits
which have been de energized, the circuits energizing the parts shall be locked out or tagged or
both. In addition, electrical hazards must be controlled; a qualified person must test the circuit
to verify de energization from all voltage sources.

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 • Safe procedures for de energizing circuits and equipment must be determined before circuits or
equipment are de energized. All electric energy sources must be disconnected. Control circuit
devices, such as push buttons, electric switches, and interlocks must not be used as the sole
means of de energizing circuits or equipment. Interlocks must not be used as a substitute for
lockout and tagging procedures.
Table 3-1: Electrical Safety Checklist

Potential Hazard Yes Needs Date Corrected

Correcti or Notes
Are all electrical outlets grounded to accommodate (3 on
wire) appliances and equipment?

Are electric wires firmly supported or in conduit?

Are all electrical cords in good condition (not

cracked, broken or brittle)?

Are stationary power tools properly grounded?

Can electrical equipment be locked in the “off”

position, particularly when equipment is being
repaired or serviced? Is a lock available?

Are all workers aware of overhead power lines?

Are plugs, sockets, and switches in good condition (not

broken or with exposed wiring)?
Do all workers know how to shut off the power in
case of an emergency?

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Self-check-3
Part-I: Choose the correct answer
1.Safely worked on while energized
A. electrical lines B. circuits C. splicing underground cable or work inside a boiler D. None
2.One is not De- energization
A. shutting off a machine C. unplugging Machinery
B. Disconnecting a switch D. plugging Machinery
3.Overhead electric Lines must be de energized and grounded
B. True B. False
4.Which one is used for Lockout Tag out electricity?

A. scissor plate B. personal danger lock C. personal danger tag D. ALL

5.Which of the following electrical PPE should always be worn together in combination?
A. Safety shoes and gloves
B. Rubber gloves and leather protectors
C. Blankets and hardhats
D. Face shields and goggles
6.While wearing electrical protective gloves make sure to avoid handling _____.
A. dull objects
B. sharp objects
C. electrical equipment
D. power tools
7.Which of the following is a type of Insulating Protective Equipment (IPE)?
A. Rubber Blankets
B. Rubber gloves
C. Rubber boots
D. Leather gloves
8.To make sure electrical protective equipment actually performs as designed, it must be inspected for
damage _____.
A. prior to the beginning of a work shift and monthly

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 B. before each use and quarterly thereafter
C. monthly and following any incident causing damage
D. Before each day's use and when damage is suspected
9.When must all rubber insulating gloves be tested?
A. Before first issue and every 12 months thereafter
B. Upon indication that insulating value is suspect
C. Before the first issue and every 6 months thereafter
D. Before first issue and after repair
Part-II: Answer the following accordingly
1.What do we mean by De- energization
2.What are Lockout Tag out and discuss on Lockout Tag out procedures

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Operation sheet 3: Apply Lock Out Tag Out
Purpose: Apply LOTO
Producer
1. Prepare for the shutdown.
2. Notify affected employees.
3. Shut down the equipment.
4. Isolate energy sources.
5. Apply LOTO devices to energy sources.
6. Release/control all stored energy.
7. Verify the lockout.
8. Maintain the lockout.

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Lap Test 3
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to perform the
following tasks accordingly.
Task 1: Perform LOTO (lockout/tagout)

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Reference
1. Safety, health and welfare on construction sites: A training manual:1995
2. Inspecting Occupational Safety and Health in the Construction Industry: Luis Alves Dias,
First edition 2009
Website
A. https://ehs.princeton.edu/workplace-construction/workplace-safety/physical-safety/electrical-
safety/working-or-near-energized-circuits
B. https://srs.ubc.ca/health-safety/safety-programs/safe-work-processes/de-energization-lockout

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 Participants of this Module (training material) preparation

No Name Qualification Field of Study Organization/ Institution Mobile E-mail

(Level) number
1 Mulugeta Tadesse A(MSc) Developmental- TS Environmental 0962882264 Mulert2002@gmail.com
Environment
2 Kaleab Tadesse A (MSc) Medical Physiology TS Environmental 0929381413 kaleabrich@gmail.com

3 Muche Ambisa A(MPH) Occupational health & TS Environmental 0910508760 Mucheastu7@gmail.com

Safety Management
4 Behailu Bekele B(BSc) Civil Engineer TS Environmental 0922840672 Behailubekele179@gmail
5 Melaku Kassahun B(BSc) Civil Engineer TS Environmental 0948848671 Melakukassahun7@gmail.com