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IS 7940 (1976): Method for determining resistance to

penetration by water of fabrics by static pressure head
test [TXD 5: Chemical Methods of Test]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

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“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

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है”
ह
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 y* ) Lza_.q
d**?t r/y i ‘t .f&! 3 19&g?@’
IS : 7940 - 1976
(Reaffirmed 2004)
Indian Standard “. ‘.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING

RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION BY WATER
OF FABRICS BY STATIC
t PRESSURE, HEAD TEST
( First Reprint JULY 1990 )

UDC 677.064:677.017.636.2

0 Copyright 1976

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN. 9BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI llooo2

Gr2 JuZy 1976

 IS : 7940 - 1976

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR DETERMINING
RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION BY WATER
OF FABRKS BY STATIC
PRESWJRE HEAD TEST

Chetzrkal Methods of Test Sectional Committee, TDC 5

Choinnon
DR P.C. MEHTA Ahmadabad Textile Industry’s Research Association,
Ahmadabad

Members
DR V. G.ACNIHOTRI J. K. Synthetics Lfd, Kanpur
DR S.M. BETRABET Cott;~bnologtcal Research Laboratory ( ICAR ),

DR S. N. PANDEY (Al&mote )
SHRI R. K. BHATNAGAR Silk & Art Silk Mills’ Associalion Limited, Bombay
SHRIB. V. BBATT Ahmadabad Manufacturing and Calico Printing CO
Ltd, Ahmadabad
SHRI K. G. SHAH ( A&mote )
DR ( KUMARI ) M. D. BHAV~AR The silk & Art Silk Mills’ Research Association,
Bombay
.%iRI S.K. BOSE National Test House, Calcutta
SHRIB.B. CHAKRAVERTI Superintendence Company of India ( Private) Ltd,
Calcutta
DR N. F. DESAI Sandoz ( India ) Limited, Bombay
SHRIK. S. DE~IKAN Office of the Textile Commissioner, Bombay
SHRI M. D. DIZUT The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay
DR A. S. Dvn Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association, Calcutta
SHRIS. P. KAPUR Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
SHRI DE~H RAJ YADAV ( Altsmote )
SHRI K. B. KULICARNI Textile Auxiliafia Manufacturers’ Association,
Bombay
SHRIs. M. tin** Association of Merchants and Manufacturers of
Textile Stores and Machinery, India, Bombay
DR ( SHRUIATI) G. R. PHAUXJXANX Textiles Committee, Bombay
SHRI R. S. PRAYACS All India Handloom Board, Bombay
SHRIR. RAMARRISHIUN Binnv Limited. Madras
SHRI K. G. KRISHNAIIWAYY (Alternatej ’
(Gmtinwd on $agr 2 )

@ Co@ight 1976
BUREAU OF INDIAN ST4NDARDS
This publication is rotected under the In&n Coflpigh: Act ( XIV of 1957 ) snd
reproduction in whJ e or iu part by any means ex t with writteu permissionof the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement“po copyright under the said Act.
 IS : 7940 - 1976

( Continucdfrompage I
Members Rejresenhg
SIIIPXN. S. SARAIYA The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay
SHRI B.P. SENCUPTA Inspection Wing, Directorate General of Supplies and
Disposals, New Delhi
SHRI V. B. HAJELA ( Altcmale )
SIIRI JAMNAI>ASK. SHAH Raipur Manufacturing Co Ltd, Abmadabad
SIIRI K. M. SHAH The Millowners’ Association, Bombay
SHRl R. c. SHAH Ahmadabad TextiIe Industry’s Research Association,
Ahmadabad
SHRI N. S. SIDHU Directorate of Industries, Government of Punjab,
Chandigarh
SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN I. C. I. ( India ) Priyate Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI R. S. BAJEICAI.( Alternate )
DR 1C.V. R. SUBRAUANIAN Ministry of Defence ( R & D )
SHRI R. S. AGARWAL ( Altcmak)
SI~RI S. S. TRIVEDI Ahmadabad Textile Industry’s Research Association,
Ahmadabad
SHRI S. M. CHAKRABORTY, Director General, ISI (Ex-ofiio Member)
Director ( Tex )

secretury
SWRI D. R. KOHLI
Deputy Director ( Tex ), IS1

Physicochemical Test Methods Subcommittee, TDC 5 : 15

Convener
SHRI M. D. DIXIT The Bombay Textile Research Association, Bombay

Members
DR V. G. ‘AGNIHOTRI J. K. Synthetics Ltd, Kanpur
DIRECTOR ( LABORATORY) Textiles Committee, Bombay

“Li!,“,~~~~I”(“A1Tc:!,l, 7’ R’
SHRI G. R. KULKARNI Wool Research Association, Bombay
S-1 GORDHANBHAIH. PATEL Shri Dinesh Mills Ltd, Vadodara
SHRI S. R. SENGUPTA Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association,
Calcutta
SWR~ S. NAG ( Alfemats )
SHRI K. M. SHAH The Mafatlal Fine Spg 8t Mfg Co Ltd, Unit No. 4,
Bombay; and The Millowners’ Association,
Bombay
SHRI D. R. SHARMA The Century Spinning & Manufacturing Company
Lid, Bombay
SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN I. c: I. ( India ) Private Limited, Calcutta
SHRI R. S. BAJEKAL ( Altrma!e)
SHRIA. SUBRAMAN~AN Madura Coats Limited, Madurai
SHRI A. CHELLARAJ ( Alternatc )
SEIRIL. R. SUD Ministry of Defencc ( DGI )
-..\
SHRI D. K. SRIVASTAVA ( &mars J
&iRI s. s. WARTY T~Ic~Z~~: Art Silk Mills’ Research Association,

2
 ISr7946-1976

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR DETERMINING
RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION BY WATER
OF FABRICS BY STATIC
PRESSURE HEAD TEST

0. FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 12 March 1976, after the draft finalized’,by the Chemical Methods of
Test Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division
Council.

0.2 Water passes through ,water-resistant fabrics by:

a) penetration through their interstices under its own or applied
pressure ( The resistance offered by fabrics to this action is
influenced mainly by their construction or structure. );
b) wetting of one side of the fabrics followed by capillary action,
which brings the water to the other side and Wets it ( The
resistance offered by fabrics-to this action is influenced mainly by
their water-repellency. ); or
c) combination of (a) and (b).

0.3 A number of tc-t methods have been developed for testing waterproof-
ness, water-repellency and water-resistance of fabrics, like spray test,
hydrostatic head test, static pressure head test, Bundesmann test .and cone
test. All these test methods are prevalent in industry and trade.
However, the use of a particular test depends upon the type of fabric under
test and its end uses. So far no correlation has been established between the
results of different test methods and hence their results are not comparable.

0.4 The static pressure head test prescribed in this standard is a relatively
simple test and gives a good indication of the effect of fabric structure on
resistance to penetration by water of fabrics. The resistance by a fabric to
penetration of water is measured in terms of the amount of water penetrat-
ing through the fabric per unit area per unit time under a static head of
water.

0.5 In reporting the result of a test made in accordance with this standard,

3
IS t 7940 - 1976

if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be

done in accordance with IS : 2-1960’.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes a method for determining resistance to
penetration by water of fabrics by static pressure head test. It is
applicable to fabrics non-permeable to air.
2. PRINCIPLE
2.1 A circular specimen of the fabric is mounted horizontally and water is
forced through the specimen from upper side under static pressure. The
volume of water collected in a given time is expressed in terms of the volume
of water penetrated per unit area of the fabric per unit time ( l/m2/h).
3. SAMPLING
3.1 Samples shall be so drawn as to be representative of the lot. Samples
drawn in compliance with the procedure laid down in the material
specification or as agreed to between the buyer and the seller shall be
taken as representattve of the lot. In case of cotton fabrics reference to
IS : 5463-1969t shall be made.
4. ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS FOR CONDITIONING AND
TESTING
4.1 The test samples shall be conditioned in accordance with IS : 6359-
1971$ except in case of fabrics heavier than 270 g/m2 for which the
minimum conditioning period shall be 48 hours.
4.2 The tests shall be carried out in standard atmosphere (see IS : 196
19660).
5. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMENS
5.1 From each test sample prepare circular test specimens of 13 cm
diameter from different portions at random. Prepare at least 3 test
specimens.
6. EQUIPMENT
6.1 Means for:
the specimens with a circular test portion of 10 cm
a) cdl?Tm:;eF
1 ,

*Rules for rounding off numerical values (raised ).

tMethods for samplingof cotton fabrics for chemical tats.
$Method for conditioning of textiles.
@tmospheric conditiona for testing (mired).
 IS : 7940 - 1976

b) applying the required static water head pressure and maintaining

the pressure throughout the test, and
4 collecting penetrated water without any loss.

6.1.1 A typical equipment is detailed in Appendix A.

6.2 Water - having PH between 6 and 8.5 and total hardness not
exceeding 50 ppm, maintained at the’temperature of testing atmosphere
( see4.2).

7. PROCEDURE

7.1 Adjust the water pressure head level to the required height. Place
the container for collecting penetrated water in position. Open the water
supply to the apparatus and note .the time. Maintain the water level
height for 1 hour.
7.2 After 1 hour, immediatelyremove the water container used for collect-
ing penetrated water and determine the volume of water collected in
litres.
7.3 Similarly carry out the test for other test specimens.

8. CALCULATION

8.1 From the volume of water collected as in 7.1 and 7.2 calculate the rate
of water penetration (water resistance ) in terms of litres per square metre
per hour as follows:
Volume of water collected in
100 x 100
litres -- X __-___.__
Rate of water penetration, l/ms/h =
3.14 x 5 x 5
Volume of water collected in
t; litres ______~
X 400
3’14
8.2 Determine the average of all the observations.

9. REPORT
9.1 The report shall include the following information:

4 Type of the fabric,

b) Number of specimens tested,

4 Static water pressure head, in millimetres, and

4 Rate of water penetration in htres per square metre per hour.

5
 IS : 7940 - 1976

APPENDIX A
( Clause 6.1.1 )
STATIC PRESSURE HEAD TEST APPARATUS

A-l. DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIPMENT

A-I.1 The apparatus ( see Fig. 1 ) consists of a metallic base ring with an
internal diameter of 10 cm ( for holding the specimen ), and q. metallic
dome of diameter 10 cm at the base provided with a water i&t and an
air valve. The dome is fitted in a metal frame, so that the dome can
be moved up and down or firmly fixed over the base ring. A funnel is fitted
under the base ring. To collect water leaking through the specimen, a
receptacle is provided. A gauge is attached to the water column for
measuring the height of the column. The water column is connected to
the water inlet on the metallic dome by means of a rubber tubing. The
apparatus is also provided with an overflow arrangement ( to regulate
overflow ) and an overflow outlet.

A-2. OPERATION
A-2.1 Clamp the specimen under test tightly between the base ring and
the dome with the help of rubber washers. Open the water supply and fill
the dome with. water, taking care that all entrapped air is removed by
permitting a little quantity of water to come out of the air valve. When
the dome is full of water, close the valve and let the water rise in the
water column to the required height ( depending upon the type of fabric)..
Immediately, place the receptacle under funnel. Maintain, for 1 hour,
the water column at the required height by adjusting the overflow
arrangement. Immediately after 1 hour, remove the receptacle from under
the funnel, &nd drain off the water in the dome by disconnecting the
.rubber tubing. Determine the volume of water which has collected in the
receptacle in litres.
 IS : 7940 - 1976

W..‘ER SUPP.LV

LASS TUBJNG

METAL
/ FRAME

. -_I .- _

P -J

SPECJMEN

\ i I

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 A TYPICAL STATIC PRESSUREHEAD TEST APPARATUS

7
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