DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SOLAR AIR COOLER
R. Sangeethkumar1, T. Muthukamatchi2, S.Vickyajithkumar3, R.Vignesh4, R.Vinothraj5
1
Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath institute of higher education and Research-Chennai.
2,3,4,5
Students Dept. Of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath institute of higher education and Research-Chennai.
ABSTARCT
This paper describes current trends in solar-powered air conditioning, which has seen renewed
interest in recent years due to the growing awareness of global warming and other environmental
problems. Closed-cycle heat-powered cooling devices are based mainly on absorption chillers, a
proven technology employing LiBr–water as the working fluid pair. Recent developments in gas-
fired systems of this type make available double- and triple-effect chillers with considerably
higher COP than their single-effect counterparts, which makes it possible to reduce the amount
of solar heat required per kW of cooling. These systems require, however, high-temperature solar
collectors. The principles of multi-staging absorption systems are described. An economic
comparison is provided which shows the total system cost to be dominated by the solar part of
the system. At current prices, the high COP, high temperature alternative is still more costly than
the low temperature one. Open-cycle desiccant systems employing either solid or liquid sorbents
are described. While the main thrust in research on novel closed-cycle absorption systems has
been toward increasing the operating temperature in order to improve efficiency through multi-
staging, open-cycle absorption and desiccant systems have been developed for use with low
temperature heat sources such as flat plate solar collectors. A novel open-cycle (DER) system is
described, which makes it possible to use the solar heat at relatively low temperatures, for
producing both chilled water and cold, dehumidified air in variable quantities, as required by the
load.
INTRODUCTION
This paper reveals the comfort conditions achieved by the device for the human body. In summer
(hot) and humid conditions we feel uncomfortable because of hot weather and heavy humidity.
So it is necessary to maintain thermal comfort conditions. Thermal comfort is determined by the
room’s temperature, humidity and air speed. Radiant heat (hot surfaces) or radiant heat loss (cold
surfaces) are also important factors for thermal comfort. Relative humidity (RH) is a measure of
the moisture in the air, compared to the potential saturation level. Warmer air can hold more
moisture. When you approach 100% humidity, the air moisture condenses this is called the dew
point. The temperature in a building is based on the outside temperature and sun loading plus
whatever heating or cooling is added by the HVAC or other heating and cooling sources. Room
occupants also add heat to the room since the normal body temperature is much higher than the
room temperature. Need of such a source which is abundantly available in nature, which does not
impose any bad effects on earth. There is only one thing which can come up with these all
problems is solar energy.
LITERATURE RIVIEW
Anbarasan, Ramesh Kumar has to publish a paper on 2018. The title of the paper is “solar air
cooler” the name of the journal is “design and fabrication of solar air cooler” the conclusion of
the paper is “cooling air can be produced by solar power”
Wertheim has to published a paper on 1992. The title of the paper is “high pressure system” the
name of the journal is “machining with minimal cutting fluid” the conclusion of the paper is
“tool wear is reduced and the tool life is also increased”[2]
Senthilkumar has to publish a paper on 2002. The title of the paper is
“high pressure cooling system” the name of the journal is “machining with minimal cutting
fluid” the conclusion of the paper is “cutting fluid is supplied through a spindle in milling
process”[3]
Ramkumar has to publish a paper on 2008. The title of the paper is
“Minimal cutting fluid is passed through a two jets” the name of journal is “machining with
minimal cutting fluid” the conclusion of the paper is “to reduce the temperature in between tool
and job and to improve the tool life”
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
SOLAR PANEL
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the
photovoltaic effect. The majority of modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film
cells. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer or the back
layer. Cells must also be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are
rigid, but semi-flexible ones based on thin-film cells are also available. The cells must be
connected electrically in series, one to another. Externally, most of photovoltaic modules use
MC4 connector’s type to facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the rest of the system.
Module electrical connections are made in series to achieve a desired output voltage or in
parallel to provide a desired current capability. The conducting wires that take the current off the
modules may contain silver, copper or other non-magnetic conductive transition metals. Bypass
diodes may be incorporated or used externally, in case of partial module shading, to maximize
the output of module sections still illuminated.
Some special solar PV modules include concentrators in which light is focused by lenses or
mirrors onto smaller cells. This enables the use of cells with a high cost per unit area (such as
gallium arsenide) in a cost-effective way.
Solar panels also use metal frames consisting of racking components, brackets, reflector shapes,
and troughs to better support the panel structure.
PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR
Module performance is generally rated under standard test conditions (STC): irradiance of 1,000
W/m2, solar spectrum of AM 1.5 and module temperature at 25°C.
Electrical characteristics include nominal power (PMAX, measured in W), open circuit voltage
(VOC), short circuit current (ISC, measured in amperes), maximum power voltage (VMPP),
maximum power current (IMPP), peak power, (watt-peak, Wp), and module efficiency (%).
Nominal voltage refers to the voltage of the battery that the module is best suited to charge; this
is a leftover term from the days when solar modules were only used to charge batteries. The
actual voltage output of the module changes as lighting, temperature and load conditions change,
so there is never one specific voltage at which the module operates. Nominal voltage allows
users, at a glance, to make sure the module is compatible with a given system.
Open circuit voltage or VOC is the maximum voltage that the module can produce when not
connected to an electrical circuit or system. VOC can be measured with a voltmeter directly on
an illuminated module's terminals or on its disconnected cable.
The different types of thin-film solar cells can be categorized by which photovoltaic
material is deposited onto the substrate:
-Si)
SINGLE POLE SINGLE THROUGH SWITCH
SWITCHES ARE CLASSIFIED
Types of Switches
)
COOLER TANK
The capacity of the water tank is 1.5 liters.
• It is connected to a DC motor drive.
• The DC motor is operated in 6 volt power.
• The fluid is forced to escape through the nozzle with a high velocity.
DC MOTOR
Motor is single phase induction motor same as ceiling fan motors. Difference occurs in the
mechanical modelling of FAN structure. Exhaust fan structure is made in such a way, it blows air
inside out. A ceiling fan is structured such a way that it provides air directly below.
METHODOLOGY TO SOLVE A PROBLEM
used to convert the power in AC-DC. Then the switch is to control the pulse setting. The air cooler
will run according to power supply.
FLOW CHART FOR THE EXPERIMENT
FABRICATION PROCESS
In the fabrication process of solar air cooler application process having various operations like
1. Cutting
2. Drilling
3. Welding
4. Grinding
CUTTING
Cutting is a collection of processes where in material is brought to a specified geometry by
removing excess material using various kinds of tooling to leave a finished part that meets
specifications.
The net result cutting is two products the waste or excess material, and the finished part. In
material working, the waste would be sawdust and excess material .In cutting metals the waste is
chip or swarf and excess metal.
GRINDING
Grinding uses an abrasive process to remove material from the work piece.
A grinding machine is a machine tool used for producing very fine finishes, making very light, or
high precision forms using an abrasive wheel as the cutting device. This wheel can be made up
of various sizes and types of stones, diamonds or inorganic materials.
WELDING
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing
coalescence. This is often done by melding the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a
pool of molten material That cools to become a strong joint ,but sometimes pressure is used in
conjunction with heat or by itself, of produced the weld.
DRILLING
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of a circular cross-section in solid
materials.
The drill bit is rotary cutting tool, often multipoint. The bit is pressed against the work piece and
rotated at from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute.
COST OF THE Cost(Rupees)
MATERIALS
Dc Motor 2300
SPSTS switch 25
Solar panel 2000
Battery 1150
Lithium 1500
SPECIFICATIONS
No of solar panel
Type of fluid : water
Power supply : AC Battery Type
Amount of fluid used : 15ml/min
Battery 2
Motor type : dc motor
Electrical Characteristics:
Open circuit voltage - 21.6v
Short circuit current - 1.94A
Maximum power - 20wp
CONCLUSION
The output of the project is Comfort thermal conditions achieved in the living room. That is
room temperature up to 25C and relative humidity of 60%. Comparing the cost of this product
with the existing products in the market is solar product appeals better and affordable by
common people. This solar product perfectly suits for villages, schools and offices and thus an
alternate to the power cut problems. It comprises of many attractive.
REFERENCE
[1] Farhan a. khmamas , 2012, ―Improving the environmental cooling for air-coolers by
Using the indirect-cooling method‖ ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, vol. 5,
No. 2,page No. 66-73.
[2] A. S Alosaimy, 2013 ―Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled With Solar
Water Heater for Dehumidification of Indoor Air‖ International Journal of Mechanical &
Mechatronics Engineering, Vol: 13, No: 01 page no. 60- 68.
[3] Basic Photovoltaic Principles and Methods‖ SERI/SP- 290-1448 Solar Information
Module 6213 Published February 1982 page. No. 9-15.
[4] Ajao K., Lawal A., Onaolabo N., and Eniayenkan E. (2012)Development and
preliminary testing of a compressed laterite soil brick machine, Annals of faculty of
engineering, Hunedoara, Romania International Journal of Engineering ISSN 1584-2665
[5]. Akelere F., and Akhire N. (2013) Design and Construction of a Three- Mould Hydraulic
Interlocking Brick Moulding Machine, Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and
Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 4(3): 527-532, www. jeteas.scholarlinkresearch.org
[6]. Umar M.B. (2014), Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Multipurpose Brick/Block
Making Machine, a thesis submitted tothe Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian
Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
[7].Alosaimy A S (2013), “Application of Evaporative Air Coolers Coupled with Solar Water
Heater for Dehumidification of Indoor Air”, International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics
Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 01, pp. 60-68.
[8]. Farhan Khmamas (2012), “Improving the Environmental Cooling for Air- Coolers by Using
the Indirect-Cooling Method”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, No.
2, pp. 66-73.
