Monism and pluralism
Monism is a thesis about oneness: that only one thing exists in a certain sense. The
denial of monism is pluralism, the thesis that, in a certain sense, more than one thing
exists.[7] There are many forms of monism and pluralism, but in relation to the world as a
whole, two are of special interest: existence monism/pluralism and priority
monism/pluralism. Existence monism states that the world is the only concrete object
there is.[7][8][9] This means that all the concrete "objects" we encounter in our daily lives,
including apples, cars and ourselves, are not truly objects in a strict sense. Instead, they
are just dependent aspects of the world-object.[7] Such a world-object is simple in the
sense that it does not have any genuine parts. For this reason, it has also been referred
to as "blobject" since it lacks an internal structure like a blob.[10] Priority monism allows
that there are other concrete objects besides the world.[7] But it holds that these objects
do not have the most fundamental form of existence, that they somehow depend on the
existence of the world.[9][11] The corresponding forms of pluralism state that the world is
complex in the sense that it is made up of concrete, independent objects.[7]