LATHE MACHINE
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
LATHE MACHINE V BELT TYPE
INTRODUCTION:
A lathe is a machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various
operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, etc. or deformation with
tools that comes in contact with the work piece to create an object which has
symmetry about an axis of rotation. Lathes are used in woodturning,
metalworking, metal spinning, and in glass working. Lathes can be used to
shape pottery as well. Most suitably metalworking lathes can be used to produce
most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. The
material can be held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which
can be moved horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths.
Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible
complexity. Machine shop personnel must be thoroughly familiar with the lathe
and its operations to perform various tasks.
PRINCIPAL OF OPERATIONS:
The lathe is a machine tool used principally for shaping articles of metal (and
sometimes wood or other materials) by causing the work piece to be held and
rotated by the lathe while a tool bit is advanced into the work causing the
cutting action. The basic lathe that was designed to cut cylindrical metal stock
has been developed further to produce screw threads, tapered work, drilled
holes, knurled surfaces, etc. The typical lathe provides a variety of rotating
speeds and a means to manually and automatically move the cutting tool into
the work piece.
LATHE DIMENSIONS
Lathe size is determined by the swing and length of bed. Swing indicates the
largest diameter that can be turned over the ways (flat or v-shaped bearing
surface that aligns and guides moveable parts of machines). Bed length is entire
length of the ways. Bed length must not be mistaken for the maximum length of
the work that can be turned between centers.
The longest piece that can be turned is equal to the length of the bed minus the
distance taken up by the headstock and tailstock. When comparing the size and
working capacities of metal lathes there are several key dimensions to consider.
DIMENSIONS OF LATHE
SPECIFICATION
Sr. No. PARTS NAME SIZE
1 BED LENGTH 1830 mm
2 Centre height 165mm
3 Bed Width 238 mm
4 Spindle bore 40mm
5 Electric motor Ac supply
6 3- jaw true chuck 6”
7 4- jaw dog chuck 8”
8 Coolant pump with tank __
9 Spindle Sleeves 2 Nos.
10 Forward/reverse Switch __
VARIOUS OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON LATHE
MACHINE
1. Turning: Produces straight, conical, curved, or grooved work pieces.
2. Facing: Produces a flat surface at the end of the part .
3. Boring: To enlarge a hole.
4. Drilling: To produce a hole.
5. Cutting off: To cut off a work piece.
6. Threading: To produce threads.
7. Knurling: Produces a regularly shaped roughness.
8. Profiling: To turn cylindrical work pieces with rough and finished cuts.
9. Grooving: To make furrows or channels.
OPERATIONS :
1. Turning: Cutting tool is moved parallel to the axis of the work piece to
produce a cylindrical surface by removing the unwanted
material
in the form of chips. Here depth of the cut is given by moving
the
tool perpendicular to the lathe axis.
2. Facing: It is an operation to produce flat surface on the ends of the
work
piece. Here the cutting tool is fed against the rotating work
piece
perpendicular to the lathe axis and the depth of the cut is given
by
moving the tool parallel to the lathe axis.
3. Taper Turning : It is an operation to produce conical surface on the
work
piece. Methods for taper turning.
By offsetting the tail stock
By swiveling the compound rest
By taper turning attachment
By using form tool
4. Thread Cutting: A thread is a helical groove formed on a cylindrical
surface of the work piece. The shape of the groove will
be
normally v or shape which are called as vee- thread or
square thread cutting cannot be done in single pass.
5. Drilling: Drilling operation is performed by fixing twist drill bit on the
tail
stock and advancing the tool towards the work piece and
making
hole to the desired length. Other operations like Boring,
Centre
Drilling, Counter Boring, Counter Sinking, Reaming,
Tapping,
etc. can also be performed using suitable tools.
6. Profile Turing: Profile turning is performed when curve surfaces are
required on the given job. The skills of the operator
plays a
very important role as this operation is very difficult to
be
performed. Here carriage assembly and compound rest
are
simultaneously moved to get the given profile.
7. Forming Operation: A tool which is in the shape of the impression to
be
made on the work piece is fixed to the tool post
and
is advanced towards the work piece. This
operation
saves time and is costly.
8. Knurling Operation: Knurling is an operation performed on the lathe to
generate serrated surface on the work piece. This
is
used to produce a rough surface for griping like
the
barrel of the micrometer. This is done by a special
tool called knurling tool. This has a set of
hardened
roller with the desired serrations. There are 3
different knurling operations such as diamond,
angled and straight.
PRECAUTIONS:
DO’s :
Do Become Acquainted with the function of the important parts of Lathe.
Do keep machines clean and orderly. A dirty machine is not conducive to
good workmanship.
Do thoroughly understand & plan the job before starting to work on
machine.
Do keep the cutting tool sharp, dull cutting tools require a longer
time to do the same job and give a poor finish and put the machine under
an unwarranted strain.
DON’T :
Don’t ever leave the chuck wrench in the chuck.
Don’t push any lever or turn any handle on a lathe unless you know what
will happen as a result.
Don’t try to run a machine & engage in conversation at the same time. If
you must talk then shut down the machine.
Don’t attempt to check the hole when boring, without first covering the
boring tool to guard against arm and hand injuries.
Don’t put your hand or fingers on any revolving work or toll at any time.
Don’t offer excuses when you scrap a job. Accept your responsibility and
try to do better the next time.
