TEAM ID 715323
Chapter -1
                                                                                    Introduction
     1.1    GENERAL
     An internship focused on the planning and execution of a residential society offers an excellent
     opportunity to gain practical insights into urban development, project management, and
     construction processes. This internship provides exposure to key aspects such as site selection,
     architectural design, budgeting, regulatory approvals, and execution strategies.
     During the internship, I am involved in understanding project planning, including land
     assessment, layout designing, and infrastructure development. I assist in studying zoning
     regulations and obtaining necessary approvals, ensuring compliance with legal and
     environmental standards. As the execution phase begins, I observe and participate in managing
     construction activities, coordinating with engineers, architects, and contractors to ensure
     smooth workflow and timely completion of tasks.
     Throughout the internship, I develop problem-solving skills by addressing challenges in site
     preparation, logistical planning, and workforce coordination. This hands-on experience
     enhances my understanding of project execution from conception to completion, preparing me
     for future roles in residential development and urban planning.
     1.2 Aim:
     The internship aims to develop our skills to implement theoretical knowledge into practical
     fields and give the experience of real world.
     1.3 Objectives of Internship:
        ▪   To orient us with the practical Civil Engineering works.
        ▪   To allow us to apply our theoretical knowledge into practical fields.
        ▪   To let us gaining practical experience.
        ▪   To let us understand the planning, design, drawing of construction.
        ▪   To learn about the field, making industry connections, and developing both hard and
            soft skills.
Gujarat Technological University                      1                                  MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     1.4 Introduction to Company
     STEELBUILD is a pioneer organization to fulfil the current generation needs of students and
     companies and offers engineering and management consultancy services for infrastructure
     projects. Through their experience and dedication to the construction industry STEELBUILD
     is construction cum consulting firm is committed to provide with the most professional,
     efficient and cost-effective consultancy services. The goal of the company is to satisfy the most
     demanding construction needs in Navsari or elsewhere in the South Gujarat, India.
     1.5 Company Profile
     Established in 2018 by Mr. Kunjan Patel, STEELBUILD is now one of Navsari’s best
     consultancy company. STEELBUILD offers Architectural & Project Management
     Consultancy , Structural Consultancy ,Property Valuation, Interior Designing, Peer Reviewer,
     Retrofitting & Strengthening Work, Value Engineering ,Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis.
     The name of company : SteelBuild
     Address: 4-5, 2nd floor, Shivay Complex
     Opp. Judges Bungalow, Junathana,Navsari-396445.
     Content no: 9426637066
     E-mail: navsari@steelbuild.com
     1.6 Vision of Company
     To be the premier choice for all construction works in Navsari and competitive factor
     undertaking all types of construction work at all level.
     Their vision to the future is becoming one of the leading Architectural & Engineering
     constructions cum consultants in Navsari.
     1.7 Mission of Company
     Guided by their vision, they shall provide quality services exceeding client's expectations while
     adhering to the highest standards of technical and individual excellence through continuous
     improvement training and innovation.
        ▪   Adding value to clients.
        ▪   Nurturing and promoting talents.
        ▪   Respecting employees' intense efforts and contribution.
        ▪   To play a significant role in the construction sector.
Gujarat Technological University                     2                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
        ▪   To Increase its organizational strength by recruiting professionals, who will have at
            their clearance.
        ▪   Advanced, state of the art machineries.
        ▪   Take an active participation in the nation's economic development thus ensuring
            maximum customer satisfaction.
     1.8 Fields of Specialization
     STEELBUILD Construction Company is specialized in Architectural, Structural, Electrical,
     Sanitary and Mechanical design and construction management of commercial, residential,
     industrial, educational, and so on.
     1.9 Work done by Company
     Here are some work site names are mentioned that are completed by STEELBUILD
                                   Table. 1.9 Work done by company
      Sr.        Project site name                        Location                Year
       No
        1         Swastik Plot No. 28             Chhapra, Navsari              2023-2024
        2        Shaligram Plot No. 30           Kabilpore, Navsari             2023-2024
        3       Shaligram Plot No.119            Kabilpore, Navsari             2023-2024
        4       Shaligram Plot No.120            Kabilpore, Navsari             2023-2024
        5         Sahjanand Plot 2-3                       Valsad               2023-2024
        6             JMD Bakery                  Prajapati Ashram              2023-2024
        7            Shubham Park                 Chhapra,Navsari               2022-2023
        8            Goodway B-3                          Sarigam               2022-2023
        9          Devashish Prime                         Navsari              2022-2023
       10         N R Plot No 15-21                       Chhapra               2022-2023
Gujarat Technological University                      3                              MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                                                                     Chapter-2
                                                                              Project Details
     2.1 Project Introduction
     Nilkanth Residency is a premium residential development featuring spacious 3 BHK row
     houses, located near SGM School at Chhapra Road, Navsari. Spanning a total area of 8,297
     square meters, the project offers thoughtfully designed homes with individual plots measuring
     20’x40’ (₹55 lakh) and 22’x40’ (₹60 lakh). The development includes a common open plot
     area of 842.97 square meters to enhance community living. The project is spearheaded by Mr.
     Kunjan Patel, ensuring quality construction and a desirable residential experience.
     2.2 Project Details
     PROJECT NAME: NILKANTH RESIDENCY (3 BHK ROW HOUSES)
     PROJECT TYPE: CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
     AREA OF PROJECT: 8297 SQUARE METER
     TOTAL COP AREA: 842.97 SQUARE METER
     PRICE OF HOUSE: 20’X40’=51+4 LAC., 22’X40’=56+4LAC.
     DEVELOPER NAME: Mr. KUNJAN PATEL
     ADDRESS: NEAR SGM SCHOOL, CHHAPRA ROAD, NAVSARI
     2.3 Map of Project Area
                                Figure 2.3 Google Map of Project Area
Gujarat Technological University                   4                                       MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     2.4 Layout of Nilkanth Residency (3 BHK Row Houses)
                                   Figure 2.4 Layout of Project Area
Gujarat Technological University                  5                    MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                                                                     Chapter-3
                                                       Drawings and Details of Project
     3.1 Introduction of Drawings
     Drawings are very crucial for any construction work. It is required from the beginning of every
     construction work. There are different types of drawings and every drawings has its own uses
     and purpose. Every drawing has detailed measurement and section.
     For every different step of construction needs different drawings. Different types of drawings
     are listed. Architectural drawings, Structural drawings, Electrical drawings and Plumbing
     drawing.
     3.1.1 Architectural Drawing:
     A sketch, diagram, plan, or any design of construction work or a component of building are
     developed by architecture engineer known as architectural drawing. These are made of lines,
     projections and based on scale.
     The type of architectural drawings are given below.
     1. Site plan
     2. Floor plan
     3. Working drawing
     4. Section drawing
     5. Elevation drawings
     3.1.2 Structural Drawings:
     The drawings which provide information and details about structure like strength of different
     structural elements, structural material, grade, size and placement of reinforcement, and how
     beams, column and slabs are connected.
     On our site, during internship I was working with different plans which mention below.
      ▪   Centre Line Diagram
      ▪   Column Schedule
      ▪   Column Rings and Bar Positioning
      ▪   Typical Sections
      ▪   Footing Schedule
      ▪   Plinth beam plan
      ▪   Tie Bar Details
      ▪   First floor plan
Gujarat Technological University                   6                                    MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                   Figure 3.2 Ground Floor plan
Gujarat Technological University             7                    MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                   Figure 3.2 First Floor plan
Gujarat Technological University             8                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     3.2 Site plan of houses and Plot area 22 to 28
     Plot no 22: - 56.78 Sq. ft
     Plot no 23: - 61.99 Sq. ft
     Plot no 24: - 64.15 Sq. ft
     Plot no 25: - 66.30 Sq. ft
     Plot no 26:- 68.46 Sq. ft
     Plot no 27:- 70.65 Sq. ft
     Plot no 28:- 97.80 Sq. ft
     3.3 Details of Site plan
     1. The ground floor Construction Area is 800.00sq.ft. The size of parking is 8'-3" x 13'-0".
     2. The carpet area of Ground floor is 800.00sq.ft. The size of living room is 10'-0" x 14’-1½"
        with otta is 10'-9" X 4'-6"Also, the size of kitchen is 9'-4½" X 9'-1½”
     3. Common TOILET 7'-1½" X 4'-4½" and UTILITY 6'-9" X 5'-6" is provided
     4. The balcony is provided on first floor, which size is 2'-1½" wide balcony and terrace 7'-
        1½" x 7'-10½".
     5. Two master bedrooms are provided, which size is about 10'-4½" X 9'-9" and 12'-0" X 10'-
        0".
     6. Also, passage is provided between two bedrooms which size is 7'-9" X 6'-0".
                     Figure 3.3 Ground Floor plan And First Floor plan of Plot 22
Gujarat Technological University                   9                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                            Table. 3.3 Ground floor Details & First Floor Details
                     Ground floor Details                       First floor Details
        Parking                   8'-3 " x 13'-0 "              Passage               7'-9" X 6'-0"
      Otta                        10'-6" X 4'-6"
                                                                Open Terrace          7'-1½" X 7'-10½"
      Living    room      with    10'-0" X 14'-4½"
      Dinning                                                   Master Bedroom        10'-4½" X 9'-9"
      Kitchen                     9'-4½" X 9'-1½"               Attached Toilet       7'-1½" X 4'-4½
      Common Toilet               7'-1½" X 4'-0"
                                                                Master Bedroom        12'-0" X 10'-0"
      Utility                     6'-9" X 5'-6"
                                                                Attached Toilet       4'-6" X 8'-9"
      With back passage           2'-0" wide passage
                             Table. 3.4 Ground floor Door & window Schedule
      Ground Floor Door & window Schedule Unit 22,23,24,25,26,27
            Names             Sill       Lintel           Dimension (W x H)               No. of Units
                                                        DOORS
                D1                 -          7'-3"                 3'-6"x 7'-3"               6
                D2                 -          7'-3"                 2'-6"x 7'-3"               6
                D3                 -          7'-3"                 3'-0"x 7'-3"               9
                                                       WINDOWS
                W1               3'-3"        7'-3"                 5'-0"x 4'-0"               6
                W2               3'-6"        7'-3"                 4'-3"x 3'-9"               6
                W3               3'-3"        7'-3"                 6'-0"x 4'-0"               9
                W4               3'-3"        7'-3"                 2'-1"x 4'-0"               2
                W5               3'-3"        7'-3"                 2'-0"x 4'-0"               1
                                                      VENTILATION
                V1               5'-3"        7'-3"                 2'-0"x 4'-0"               5
Gujarat Technological University                        10                                MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     3.4 Elevation of Houses
                                    Figure 3.4 Elevation of Houses
     •   The Project was to construct 3BHK raw houses at Chhapra Road, Navsari for Residential
         purpose.
     •   It is well designed and provided with good appearance of elevation of all the row houses.
     •   The Plot area of the project is 20’x40’ and 22’x40’ provided with all necessary amenities.
Gujarat Technological University                   11                                  MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                                                                     Chapter-4
                                                        Work Done During Internship
     4.1 Excavation and P.C.C work
      4.1.1 Detail of Excavation
     ▪   Soil type was yellow soil.
     ▪   Safe Bearing Capacity of soil is 220 KN/𝑀2
     ▪   Removal of soil from construction site to specified depth to provide space for the intended
         work.
     ▪   To reduce the Ground level to specified depth for foundation.
     ▪   Excavation work of footing was done by Wheeled excavator machine.
     ▪   Excavation Depth: 1.82 m (6 Ft).
                                      Figure 4.1.1 Excavation Work
Gujarat Technological University                   12                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.2 Plain cement Concrete
     The term P.C.C refers to "Plain cement concrete". Cement, sand and aggregate are used for
     P.C.C. To avoid direct contact of steel (reinforcement) to moisture content or with water.
                               Figure 4.2 Excavated footing with P.C.C
Gujarat Technological University                   13                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.2.1 Different component of P.C.C:
         Components of PCC
     ▪   Cement
     ▪   Sand
     ▪   Coarse Aggregate
     ▪   Water
     4.2.2 PCC and RCC at site:
     Generally, Thickness of P.C.C is taken 6 inch.
     The ratio carried out at site is 1:4:8(M7.5) for P.C.C work .
     4.2.3 Requirement of P.C.C:
     ▪   To get hard and plain surface for footing.
     ▪   The load of footing properly Transfer to the soil.
     ▪   P.C.C layer will increase bond of soil with footing R.C.C.
Gujarat Technological University                      14              MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.3 Marking for component:
     Markings are very important for column, beam, footing and building positioning. After the
     PCC, we prepare the location of footings and columns for the foundation. And the location of
     every column should be accurate as per the centreline diagram and footings should be as per
     the foundation diagram.
     There are a lot of different types of drawings in construction drawings but here for marking
     column and footing these two drawings are enough. Centreline diagram and foundation
     diagram. Those drawings comes after completing excavation of building.
     4.3.1 Column Markings & footing marking:
     First of all, we mark the boundary points which were given by surveyor. Then as per center
     line diagram we mark center lines on the P.C.C with the help of lime. Now we have all the
     center line on the land just like drawing. With respect to that center line, we mark column and
     draw it by marking on the P.C.C. Followed by this method all the lines are marked on ground.
     Once the center is located, the dimensions of the column are measured and marked out from
     the center to define the exact perimeter. This ensures that each column is placed precisely,
     which is vital for the structural alignment of the building.
     On site mm variation is permissible. But we ried to do accurate as much as possible.
     4.4 Centre lining the footing
     ▪   Centreline process is carried out for accuracy of footing placement therefore plumb bob
         instrument is used by the workers to get the exact placement of steel column.
     ▪   Short Span of Steel Jali is 10mm Dia. @ 6 inches and Long span of steel Jali is 10mm Dia.
         @ 6 inches.
     ▪   C4,C5,C6,C8, C16,C17,C18, C19,C20,C21,C22. C9,C10,C12,C14 having dimensions
         9" X 15" and main steel bar is 6nos.12mm dia
     ▪   C1,C2,C3,C24 having dimensions 9" X 12" and main steel bar is 6nos.12mm dia
     ▪   C7,C11 having dimensions 9" X 18" and main steel bar is 8nos.12mm dia
     ▪   C13,C15 having dimensions 9" X 9" and main steel bar is 6nos.12mm dia
     ▪   Stirrups 8mm Dia for and 5” distance between two Stirrups.
Gujarat Technological University                     15                                  MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                   Figure 4.4 centreline layout
Gujarat Technological University               16                 MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                   Table 4.4 schedule of column
                                   Figure 4.4 Centreline process
Gujarat Technological University                17                 MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.5 Footing:
     The footing is a structural member that safely transmits the load of the upper building to the
     ground, and is the first construction member of the building. The basic method of footing
     design is to distribute the load so that the size per area of the load transmitted from the upper
     part of the building is less than the strength that the ground can support, that is, the bearing
     capacity. With this function, the footing is a structure installed between the ground and the
     column or wall immediately above it, and the important point in the basic design is to reduce
     the total amount of settlement and prevent the occurrence of immobile settlement.
                                       Figure 4.5 Footing Layout
Gujarat Technological University                    18                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.6 Footing work at Site
        ▪   Since soil was good and hard strata was found below the 5' we have adopted
            Isolated footing.
        ▪   Dimension of footing was 4’6”x5', 5'-3" X 5'-9", 5'-9" X 6'-6", 4'-9" X 4'-9",
            4'-0" X 4'-3"
        ▪   Single layer of mesh was provide having 6" centre to centre spacing.
        ▪   Extra small 2 piece of L section bars was provided on adjacent side of column.
     NOTE:- Depth and Width of foundation may vary according to the design and soil bearing
     capacity. Depth of foundation may vary until hard strata comes.
                                      Figure 4.6 Footing casting
                                    Table 4.6 Schedule of Footings
Gujarat Technological University                   19                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.7 Column Upto Ground Beam:
        The column upto the ground beam is crucial for ensuring proper load transfer, structural
        stability, and alignment. It connects vertical columns to the ground beam, helping distribute
        loads evenly to the foundation. This system enhances the building's safety, durability, and
        load-bearing capacity while maintaining stability against lateral forces like wind or
        earthquakes. Proper design of this connection is essential for the overall integrity and
        longevity of the structure.
                                Figure 4.7 Column Upto Ground Beam
                                      Table 4.7 Schedule of Columns
Gujarat Technological University                   20                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.7.1 Ground Beam Reinforcement:
         ▪   Ground beam is a beam that rests on the compacted soil.
         ▪   The ground beam carries and transfers the super structure and external load to the
             foundation columns.
         ▪   Process: compaction of soil.
         ▪   PCC for ground beam. (M7.5 ,1:4:8) (Thickness of PCC - 6").
         ▪   First Reinforcement binding of ground beam. (steel used 12,10&8mm).
         ▪   Shuttering of ground beam.
         ▪   Covering of ground beam. (cover used 40mm).
         ▪   Concreting of beam. (M20)(1:1.5:3).
         ▪   Deshuttering of beam.(after 24 hours).
                        Table 4.7.1 Schedule of R.C.C Ground beam and plinth beam
Gujarat Technological University                   21                               MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                        4.7.1 Figure. Layout of Ground beam & Plinth Beam
Gujarat Technological University               22                           MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.8 Information of plinth beam:
     Plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam constructed between the wall and its foundation.
     Plinth beam is provided to prevent the extension or propagation of cracks from the foundation
     into the wall above when the foundation suffers from settlement. Plinth beams distributes the
     load of the wall over the foundation evenly. It is mandatory to provide plinth beam in areas that
     prone to earthquake. Construction of plinth beam above the natural ground is another
     application of this type of beam.
     4.8.1 Plinth beam Reinforcement:
     • PB1,PB2,PB3 is of 9”x 15” in size , the steel is of 2 -12 ∅ mm in straight steel
        and bent steel was 2 -10 ∅ mm at L/4 where bent up bar was 2 -10 ∅ mm.
     • Stirrups of 8mm ∅ @ 4” c/c support is used and 8mm ∅ @ 6” c/c rest on
        ground.
     • Concrete mix of M20.
                                Figure 4.8.1 Binding of plinth beam bar
Gujarat Technological University                    23                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.9 Formwork of plinth beam:
     Formwork is the term used to either temporary or permanent moulds into which concrete is
     poured.
     The construction of formwork takes time and involves expenditure up to 20 to 25% of the cost
     of the structure or even more. Design of these temporary structures is made to economic
     expenditure. The operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping.
     Stripped formwork can be reused. Reusable forms are known as panel forms and non-usable
     are called stationary forms.
     In formwork we checked the spacing between bars and wooden ply. And proper fitting of that
     wooden ply.
                                       Figure 4.9 Plinth beam
Gujarat Technological University                 24                                  MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.10 Casting of plinth beam:
     Steps for Casting a Plinth Beam:
        1. Preparation:
                o Ensure the formwork (moulds) is properly set, aligned, and secured.
                o Check reinforcement (steel bars) as per the design, ensuring it’s in the right
                    position.
        2. Placing the Concrete:
                o Mix concrete (manual or ready-mix).
                o Pour the concrete into the formwork, making sure it’s filled uniformly.
        3. Compaction:
                o Use a vibrator to remove air pockets and ensure even distribution of concrete
                    around the reinforcement.
        4. Levelling and Finishing:
                o Level the surface of the concrete using a straightedge or trowel.
                o Ensure the concrete is smooth and aligned with the formwork.
        5. Curing:
                o Allow the concrete to set, then remove the formwork after 24-48 hours.
                o Cure the beam for 7-14 days by keeping it moist to strengthen the concrete.
                                   Figure 4.10 Casting of Plinth Beam
Gujarat Technological University                  25                                  MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.11 Earth Filling:
     ▪   Earth filling under floors should be done in layers not more than 6” in thickness.
     ▪   The layer should be compacted properly. Further, the earth used for filling should be free
         from grass, roots, leaves and other foreign material.
     ▪   It should be also slightly moist which will help to achieve optimum compaction.
                                     Figure 4.11 Earth Filling Work
Gujarat Technological University                    26                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.12 Masonry Work
     Masonry work is a complex of processes that includes, the basic processes (the laying of brick
     or other stone in mortar, the delivery and laying out of the stone, and the smoothing of the
     mortar), related auxiliary processes (the erection of scaffolding and trestles and preparation of
     the materials at the construction site).
                                        Figure 4.12 Masonry Work
Gujarat Technological University                    27                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     4.13 Gravel Filing
     Gravel is filled at plinth level for several important reasons. It ensures proper drainage by
     allowing water to flow away from the foundation, preventing water accumulation that could
     weaken the building's structure over time. Gravel also helps avoid dampness and moisture from
     rising through the walls, which could lead to Mold and fungal growth. It provides a stable base,
     evenly distributing the load of the structure and reducing the risk of settling or shifting due to
     unstable ground conditions. Additionally, gravel improves the soil's load-bearing capacity and
     strengthens the overall foundation. It acts as a barrier to prevent termites and pests from
     accessing the wooden parts of the building, protecting the foundation from moisture-related
     damage that could cause structural issues. The gravel also helps in levelling the surface before
     pouring concrete for the foundation, ensuring a dry and stable base, which contributes to the
     building's longevity and durability.
                                        Figure 4.13 Gravel filing
                            Figure 4.13 Gravel Filling Cross sectional View
Gujarat Technological University                    28                                    MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                                                         Chapter -5
                                                 Material and Equipment Used at Site
     5.1 Materials
     Mainly these are materials used at site:
     ➢ Cement
     ➢ Sand
     ➢ Aggregate
     ➢ Steel
     ➢ Brick
     ➢ Binding Wire
     5.1.1 Cement
          •     UltraTech OPC 53 Grade
          •     Price of a bag is 340rs
          •     Weight of bag is 50 Kg.
          •     Volume of bag is 0.0347 m³
          •     Density of cement 1440 kg/ m³
                                                                   Figure 5.1.1 Cement bags
     5.1.2 Sand
      •       Fine Sand was used at site
      •       The cost of White sand is 1300 Rs/tone.
      •       The cost of Black sand is 1000 Rs/tone.
                                             Figure 5.1.2 Sand
Gujarat Technological University                        29                      MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     5.1.3 Aggregate
        •   Size of aggregate is 20 mm
        •   The cost of aggregates is 850 Rs/tone
                                       Figure 5.1.3 Aggregates
     5.1.4 Steel
        •   Reinforcements of grade FE 500
        •   Length of reinforcement 12 m Long
        •   Diameter of Reinforcement used 8mm,10mm,12mm,16mm,20mm.
        •   Cost of steel 60 Rs/kg
                                          Figure 5.1.4 Steel
Gujarat Technological University                    30                MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     5.1.5 Bricks
         •   Red bricks was used.
         •   First class Bricks Was used.
         •   Size of brick: 19 x 9 x 9 cm.
         •   The cost of brick is 8 Rs/pcs.
                                              Figure 5.1.5 Bricks
     5.1.6 Binding Wire
     •   Ties rebars to secure them in place.
     •   Fixes steel to formwork during construction.
     •   Secures reinforcement mesh in slabs and walls.
     •   Attaches support structures like stirrups.
     •   Used for both temporary and permanent fixing.
     •   Strengthens the structure by ensuring correct
         reinforcement.
     •   Prevents structural failure by maintaining
         alignment.
     •   Ensures safety by preventing rebars from shifting.
     •   Keeps rebars in position during pouring.                   Figure 5.1.5 Binding wire
Gujarat Technological University                      31                           MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     5.2 Equipment:
     Equipment used at site:
        •   Plum bob
        •   Concrete mixture
        •   Bars cutter
        •   Wooden Cutter
        •   Sieve
        •   Vibrator
        •   Mortar Pan
        5.2.1 Plum bob
        •   A plumb bob is an essential tool used to establish verticality and ensure that
            something is perfectly vertical.
        •   Plumb bobs are used to establish verticality and ensure something is perfectly vertical.
        •   They have ancient origins and have been used since ancient Egypt.
        •   Plumb bobs consist of a weight attached to a string made of twisted cotton or nylon
            threads.
        •   They are commonly used in construction, surveying, and woodworking for accurate
            measurements and alignments.
        •   Plumb bobs come in various types and materials, depending on the specific
            application and user’s preferences.
                                        Figure 5.2.1 Plumb bob
Gujarat Technological University                   32                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     5.2.2 Concrete mixture
     The concrete mixture is crucial at the site to ensure strength, durability, workability, and cost-
     effectiveness, meeting project specifications and preventing structural issues.
                                 Figure 5.2.2 Concrete Mixture Machine
Gujarat Technological University                    33                                    MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
     5.2.3 Bars cutter
     Bars (steels) cutting machines are machine tools used to fabricate parts by the removal of
     materials, typically metal.
     Steel bars are cut with the help of machine into required length. Then stirrups are made
     manually. Then bars are cut as per requirement.
                                        Figure 5.2.3 Bars cutter
     5.2.4 Sieve
     • Sieving helps to remove unwanted impurities like dirt, clay, pebbles, or organic matter, which
     could weaken the structural integrity of concrete or other construction materials
                                           Figure 5.2.4 Sieve
Gujarat Technological University                   34                                    MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
         5.2.5 Vibrating machine
         •   Needle vibrator is used at site.
         •   It has a long Flexible hose with metallic vibrating needle.
         •   The needle is inserted directly into freshly poured concrete to remove air bubbles and
             ensure proper Compaction.
         •   Commonly used in columns, Beam, Footings and slabs to increase the strength and
             durability of concrete.
                                       Figure 5.2.5 Vibrating Machine
     5.2.6 Mixing Tray or Mortar Pan
     •   Provides a clean and controlled surface for mixing mortar or plaster.
     •   Prevents contamination from dirt, debris, or dust on the ground.
     •   Ensures consistent mix quality, which improves bonding and durability.
     •   Ideal for small batch mixing, especially in masonry and repair work.
     •   Helps reduce material waste by containing the mix and minimizing spillage.
                                          Figure 5.2.6 Mortar Pan
Gujarat Technological University                    35                                  MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                                                                   SUMMARY
     For the past 12 weeks, my internship at the construction site has been an incredible learning
     experience. Each day begins early with a safety briefing, where I join the site supervisors in
     reviewing the day's tasks. As an intern, I am actively involved in observing site operations,
     assisting with documentation, and collaborating with engineers and contractors to understand
     the intricacies of project execution. One of my key responsibilities is conducting inspections
     to monitor the progress of various construction activities, such as foundation work, material
     handling, and structural assembly. The dynamic nature of the site has taught me how to accept
     the challenges and develop problem-solving skills, especially when unforeseen obstacles arise.
     Engaging in discussions with experienced professionals has expanded my understanding of
     construction techniques and workflow optimization. Also helps me in shaping my technical
     knowledge and reinforcing the importance of teamwork, efficiency, and precision in the
     construction industry
Gujarat Technological University                  36                                   MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                                                                  References
        1. Basic Civil Engineering Book by B C Punima
        2. Indian standard 456: 2000 – code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.
        3. IS 800: 2007 – code of practice for steel
        4. Cement Indian Standard 209.
        5. Tor Steel Indian Standard 1786/1139.
        6. Mild Steel Indian Standard 226/432.
Gujarat Technological University                  37                                  MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
                                     Weekly Overview
       Report            Date                 Topic
       Week
       Week -1           19-1-25 to 25-1-25   - Site clearing and cleaning
                                              -Excavation work for footing
                                              -Total 54 numbers of Footing excavation
                                              carried out
       Week-2            26-1-25 to 1-2-25    -P.C.C work For Footing
                                              -Steel binding for Footing
                                              -Column Steel Mesh placement by centreline
       Week-3              2-2-25 to 8-2-25   -Formwork for footing
                                              -Footing casting
                                              -Total 54 Footing casted
       Week-4            9-2-25 to 15-2-25    -Removal of Formwork of footings side
                                              -Earth filing for 1m and Column formwork
                                              fixed
                                              - Column is casted of all 54 numbers
       Week-5            16-2-25 to 22-2-25   -Column formwork is removed
                                              -Earth filing till Ground beam level
                                              -Ground beam steel is tied-up.
                                              -Bricks are placed as per Schedule at Ground
                                              beam line
       Week-6            23-2-25 to 1-3-25    -Ground beam formwork is fixed
                                              -Ground beam Casted
                                              -Removal of formwork
                                              -Earth filing, water pouring, compaction.
       Week-7            2-3-25 to 8-3-25     -Earth settlement
                                              -Earth filing
                                              -Levelling
       Week-8            9-3-25 to 15-3-25    -Masonry Work till plinth level
                                              - Earth filing
Gujarat Technological University               38                                    MGITER, Navsari
     TEAM ID 715323
       Week-9            16-3-25 to 22-3-25   -Gravel filling after Earth filling
                                              -Water pouring and earth filing
                                              - Compacted.
       Week-10           23-3-25 to 29-3-25   -Binding of P.C.C Reinforcement
                                              - P.C.C work for plinth level
                                              - work is done for all 22 to 28 plot
       Week-11           30-3-25 to 29-3-25   - Outer Column steel mesh placement
                                              - Formwork of Column was fixed
                                              - Casting of columns
       Week-12           6-4-25 to 12-4-25    -Brick masonry work initiated
                                              - Lintel level masonry work done
Gujarat Technological University               39                                    MGITER, Navsari