PHYSICAL & HEALTH EDUCATION FOR JSS1

FIRST TERM SCHEME OF WORK P.H.E

WEEKS TOPICS
1 & 2 MEANING OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

3 PHYSICAL FITNESS AND BODY CONDITIONING PROGRAMMES

4 CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICALLY FIT PERSON -THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

5 EXERCISES TO DEVELOP THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS,

MUSCLES, STRENGTH, ENDURANCE AND FLEXIBILITY

6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE PERFORMING EXERCISES

7 HEALTH DETERMINANTS - CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY PERSON

8&9 MEANING OF SEWAGE AND REFUSE - METHOD OF SEWAGE AND REFUSE DISPOSAL

10 SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY

11 REVISION
12 REVISION

WEEK 1 & 2
DATE:...........………………………………….

TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL

AND HEALTH EDUCATION
SUBTOPIC: MEANING OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

The terms physical education consist of two terms Physical and Education

Physical refers to the outward appearance of an individual in terms of the body composition. It
refers to physical make-up or attribute of an to physical make-up or attribute of an individual as
regard the trunk, head, hands, legs, height, weight e.t.c. The physical attributes of an individual
describe him or her at first appearance.
Education can be defined as a process of training and re-training an individual either formally or
informally in other to bring about a change in the behavior of the learner Physical Education can be
defined as the process by which the general make-up or well-being of an individual is improve upon
through active participation in physical activities, sports and games

Physical Education is the process by which changes in an individual is brought about through
movement experiences, it aims not only at physical development but also concerned with
education of the whole person through some well planned physical activities.

AIMS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

• Physical development: physical education helps to develop the muscles of the body through
selected, well planned and programmed activities

• Social development: Children learn desirable social attitudes during group activities. These
attitudes lead to better social adjustment
• Mental development: During physical education the mental capacity is further enlarged through
the knowledge of the rules of the various games and sports
• Emotional development: through physical activities, children learn how to be humble in victory and
accept defeat gracefully. Also they learn to control their tempers during games and sports. These
will in effect lead to sound mental health

THE OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. To train the muscles of the body

2. To correct bad postures
3. To create the interest and love for games in students
4. To provide avenue for social interaction among students
5. To develop the ability to reason and make decisions
6. To provide career opportunities
7. To encourage intentional cooperation and friendship through sports
8. To enable the student to have a sense of leadership, loyalty and obedience

Branches of physical education

1. Athletics.
2. Games
3. Gymnastics
4. Recreation
5. Combative Sports
6. Rhythmic and Dance
7. Safety Education
8. Aquatic Sports (Swimming)
9. Fundamental movement
10. Camping
11. Dancing
12. Sports

What is health?

The definition of health is best explained by the one given by the World Health Organization (WHO),
Which states- Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being of a person and not
the mere absence of diseases and infirmity

HEALTH EDUCATION-Can be defined as the process through which one acquires health knowledge
which is necessary for maintaining healthy living.
THE OBJECTIVES OF HEALTH EDUCATION

The objectives of health education are reasons health education is important generally.
1. Health education helps to acquire and practice desirable health habits that lead to total fitness
2. It gives awareness of communicable diseases, mode of transmission, prevention and cure
3. It provides the knowledge of basic first-aid and injury management
4. It provides knowledge of nutrition, food nutrients that are essential for proper growth and
development.
5. It provides information on drugs, drug abuse, drug misuse and dangers of self medication
6. It also teaches personal cleanliness and environmental hygiene

Branches of health education

The branches of Health Education includes:

1. Safety and first aid:
2. Community health:
3. Drug education
4. Environmental health
5. Disease (communicable disease and non communicable disease)
6. Food and nutrition
7. Family planning 8. Personal health
8. Sex education
9. Consumer health

Assignment

1. Physical education is the education that develops an

individual___________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Health education is about..

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3. Outline two importance of health education
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4. State four branches of health education
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5. Itemize four branches physical education
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6. The following are the objectives of physical education except. (a)fun and enjoyment (b) Improves
physical fitness(c)Causes fatigue (d)development of body skills

7. The most important objectives of physical education .............. ...(a)to make the body weak (b) to
destroy the body cells (c)to promote disunity (d)none of the above

8. The main reason why an average person performs physical exercise is to (a)kip fit (b)gain energy
(c)stimulate the nerves (d)win race

9. Physical education is education through..................(a)gymnastics (b)indoor games (c)recreational

activities (d)organized physical activities

10. All are scope of physical education except.................(a) athletics (b)gymnastics (c)aquatics
(d)flexibility
WEEK 3
DATE:

TOPIC. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND BODY

CONDITIONING PROGRAMMES
OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON; At the end of the lesson students should be able to:

-Explain the meaning of physical fitness

-List the components of physical of physical fitness and differentiate between health and
performance related component

Physical fitness is the ability of an individual to have sufficient energy to perform one's work
effectively without unnecessary fatigue and still have little extra as a to enjoy social activities and
cope with emergencies after daily work

Physical fitness can be simply defined as the ability of an individual to perform his or her daily work
well without feeling too tired and still have reserve energy to do some other activities.

PHYSICAL FITNESS CAN BE GROUPED INTO TWO PARTS: These are

1. Health related components of physical fitness:-They are directly related and affect the health of
an individual. They are essential for survival regardless of a person's sex, age, religion or occupation.
These includes
2. Muscular strength
3. Muscular endurance
4. Cardio-vascular-respiratory endurance
5. Flexibility

• Performance or Skills related components of Physical fitness

They are essential for skills for performance, They are regarded as additional to health related
components. These are the abilities required by an individual to excel in the various sporting
activities. These include:
• Coordination
• Power
•Speed
•Accuracy
• Balance
• Reaction and time
•Agility

BODY CONDITIONING PROGRAMMES

Are carefully selected and well planned physical activities or exercises purposely designed to achieve
physical fitness in an individual.
SOME POPULAR BODY CONDITIONING PROGRAMMES ARE LISTED BELOW
1. Push-up
2. Sit-up
3. Sit and reach
4 logging
5. Running
6. Weight-lifting
7. Cycling
8. Swimming
9. Bench press
10. Walking
11. Hiking
12. V-sits
13. Pull ups
14. Aerobics
15. Dancing etc

ASSIGNMENT _____________________________________________
1. Define physical fitness _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ 4. What do you understand by body conditioning
_____________________________________________ programmes?
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
2. List two major components of physical fitness _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
3. Mention two ways in which physical fitness is
important
WEEK 4

TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF
PHYSICALLY PERSON
OBJECTIVES:
AT THE END OF THE LESSON; Students should be able to:
-Mention the characteristics of physically fit person
-List the importance of physical fitness

Characteristics of physical fit person

A person is said to be physically fit if he or she is healthy and is able to do work and exercise
adequately. Someone who is sick, malnourish, disable or overweight cannot be said to be physically
fit. Though good health is important to physical fitness, exercises are needed regularly to keep fit
The following are the characteristics of a physically fit person

1. Perform his/her daily activities easily without much effort

2. Adopt better to stress and does not get tired easily
3. Has a good posture and firm physique
4. React quickly to emergency situation;
5. Enjoys playing games, sports and other recreational activities
6. Has a good appetite for food
7. Has a healthy attitude to life
8. Recovers quickly from illness
9. Has a high resistance to diseases and infections
10. Can think independently and constructively
11. Has good judgment, very resourceful, happy and confident.
12. Sleep better and has good mood

A physically fit person must be physically, socially, mentally and emotionally fit and free from
diseases and infirmity
Importance of physical fitness to human life
• It helps in proper growth of the body
It aids digestion and improves appetite an stamina
• It helps in proper functioning of the organs and systems of the body
• It promotes sense of well-being
• It prevents both major and minor illnesses
• It reduces high blood pressure
• It reduces the risk hypo kinetic diseases (diseases associated with inactivity)
• It adds to aesthetic value of the body. The individual looks good, feel good and happy

Physical fitness prevents certain disease condition such as obesity

ASSIGNMENT
1. List six physical fitness exercises that you know
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Itemize four importance of physical fitness
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WEEK-5

TOPIC - EXERCISES TO DEVELOP THE DIFFERENT

COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS,
MUSCLES, STRENGTH, ENDURANCE AND
FLEXIBILITY.
Some exercises to develop muscle strength include;

(A) Muscular strength is the ability of a group of muscles to generate and exert maximum force in a
single effort during an activity to a point that no more repetition can be done without rest
1. Bench press
2. Leg press
3. Isometric push-up
4. Isotonic push-up
5. Shoulder press
6. Squatting
7. Climbing
8. Bicep curls

Some exercises to develop muscles endurance

(B)Muscles endurance is the ability of the muscles to continue to perform without fatigue. i.e, the
test of how long it takes before the muscles get tired.

1. Push-ups
2. Sit-ups
3. Chin-ups
4. Running
5. Jogging
6. Swimming
7. Cycling
8. V-sits
(C) Flexibility- is the ability to the joints to their full normal range of motion without discomfort or
pains
Some exercises that develop flexibility include;

1. Sit and reach

2. Stretching
3. Yoga
4. Aerobics
5. Swimming
6. Stand and reach

ASSIGNMENT
1. A range of motion at a joint is referred to as
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. List four exercises that develop muscle endurance
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Outline four exercises that develop muscle strength
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Enumerate four exercises that develop muscle strength
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. Demonstrate appropriate exercises to develop strength, endurance and flexibility
WEEK 6

TOPIC- SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE

PERFORMING EXERCISES
Safety precautions simply refers to those necessary things that must be available or put in place in
other to prevent injuries while engaging in an exercises

1. Do your warm ups properly before involving in any strenuous exercises

2. Always proceed from simple to complex
3. Have a good knowledge and skills of the exercise you want to perform
4. Concentrate on the performance, so as to avoid being distracted
5. Inspect all apparatus or equipment required for the exercises before use
6. Ensure that you are certified medically fit for the exercise or sport
7. Adequate or proper kitting of players
8. Perform an exercise repeatedly and regularly to get an effective result
9. Ensure there are no harmful objects in the place where the exercise is being done
10. Vary the exercise evenly to develop every muscles of the body.

ASSIGNMENT

1. List three benefits of physical fitness

____________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Mention four safety precautions required for doing exercise
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WEEK 7

TOPIC- HEALTH DETERMINANTS

What is health? The world health organization (who) defines health as a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and n merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
The definition above reveals that someone may be physically well but emotionally or socially unwell.

Determinants of health
There are four general determinant of health. These include:

• Health care service

• Life style
• Heredity (human biology)
• Environment

Health care service

This is the prevention, treatment and management of mental, physical and social well being through
the service offered by the medical community and health professionals.
Health care service are designed for promotion, curative and palliative interventions, whether direct
to individual or the general population.

Life style

Life style is the way a person lives his or her life. lifestyle is a characteristic of behaviors that a
person exhibit to oneself or others in a given time.

Heredity

This is the process by which physical, physiological and mental characteristics or in-born factors are
transmitted from parents to children. Heredity determines the growth, development, intelligence,
some types of sickness and other natural characteristics of a child.
Environment

Is all of the external factors affecting human well being. Human being and their environment
constantly interact and both are changed by the interaction environment determine the following of
an individual: social life, dressing, shelter, behavior etc.

Characteristics of a physically fit person

• Freedom from diseases

• Normal system and body function
• Freedom from correctable physical defect
WEEK 8 & 9

TOPIC: MEANING OF SEWAGE AND

REFUSE
SUB TOPIC- METHOD OF REFUSE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL

Sewage

Sewage is the liquid wastes from domestic, industrial and commercial effluents. It is the mixture of
waste from the human body and used water that is carried out of houses by sewers.

It carries bacteria which can cause diseases such as cholera typhoid, dysentery.
Sewage disposal- is the way and manner of getting rid of liquid wastes

Refuse

Refuse can be defined as all solid wastes in the house such as pieces of paper, leaves, garbage, ashes,
rubbish and dead animals.

It can also be defined as unwanted, discarded, non-liquid materials emanating from various activities
of humans.

Refuse disposal- is the way and manner of

getting rid of solid wastes. Refuse should be properly disposed of to prevent the spread of
infections and health hazards in the society.

METHOD OF REFUSE DISPOSAL

There are many methods of refuse disposal. These are the followings

• Open dumps: This is the case in which refuse and garbage are deposited on the land. The dumps
served as breeding places for flies, cockroaches, rodents and mosquitoes
• Incineration

This is burning of refuse in a controlled cabin. In burning or refuse in a controlled cabin. In this case
refuse is deposited inside a house like facility and the materials are burnt with oil, coal, or gas
serving as fuel.

Compositing or decomposition

This method consists of disposing of refuse into a shallow pit which is covered with soil. It is allowed
to decay and later mix with the soil. The product is called HUMUS SOIL and is used as manure /
fertilizer.

Sanitary landfill-This is known as controlled tipping. It is a big hole dug in the ground where refuse
from community are emptied. The refuse is then covered with soil or ashes to prevent flies and
rodents from getting access to the refuse inside.

Open burning

Methods of sewage disposal

1. Waster system: This is a modern system where pipe-borne water is available with a septic-tank. It is
common in many modern homes

2. Bucket latrines: Faeces and urine are collected inside the bucket. This method is unhygienic and
should be discouraged. Burying faeces is also common with this
Burying faeces is also common with this method

3. Septic tank latrines: It is a construction of an underground away from the building into which
sewage flow through a pipe aided by water

4. Pit latrines: the sewage falls into a pit or hide on the ground and its usually with a lid. This keeps
away flies and cut down odour. They should be built or located away from well and houses.

ASSIGNMENT
1. Explain the meaning of sewage and refuse
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Differentiate between sewage disposal and refuse disposal
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. List two methods of sewage disposal
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4. Itemize two methods of refuse disposal
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________________________________________________________________________________________
WEEK 9

TOPIC: WATER SUPPLY

SUB TOPIC: SOURCES OF WATER

Water supply-: water supply is the process by which water is provided for some use, e.g. to a home,
commercial organization, community endeavors or individuals usually through a system of pumps
and pipes

Meaning of water

Water is a universal solvent.

It is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Water is precious to man's existence • It is needed in every aspect of life. The chemical formula of
water is H20. Water is needed by every creature such as human beings, animals and plants. In
Nigeria, the ministry of water resources is in-charge of water supply through-out country. The state
supply water through water boards or states water corporations

Sources of water
The two major sources of water are:
• Natural source of water
• Artificial source of water example of these includes
• Rain water: Rain water comes from rainfall which is usually collected from the roof of houses to
collection point the collection points could be tanks, pots and pail or buckets

• River water: Water that flows across the ground is called runoff. The run-off water flows into small
streams or ponds. The stream flows into rivers. The rivers flow into oceans and seas.

Lake, pond and stream: The qualities of these sources of water are very low and their
consumption can cause water borne diseases like cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever as hell as guinea
worms

Qualities of good water supply

Water that is safe for drinking or health purposes is called potable or pure water.

The basic qualities of water are:

• It is odourless and transparent
• It is tasteless
. It must be colorless

ASSIGNMENT
1. Enumerate the two major sources of water supply
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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SECOND TERM
SCHEME OF WORK PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION
J.S.S 1

WEEKS TOPICS

1. REVISION OF LAST TERMS WORK

2. DEFINITION OF CONTACT & NON-CONTACT SPORTS, EXAMPLES OF CONTACT SPORTS

3. EXAMPLES OF NON-CONTACT SPORTS

4. BENEFITS OF CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT SPORTS

5. BASIC SKILLS IN CONTACT & NON-CONTACT SPORTS, SAFETY MEASURES IN CONTACT

AND NON-CONTACT SPORTS

6. PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION

7 &8. FOOD & NUTRITION

MEANING OF FOOD
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD
CLASSES OF FOOD

9. IMPORTANCE OF FOOD NUTRIENTS

10. FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF FOOD

11 & 12. REVISION & EXAMINATION

WEEK 1
TOPIC:

REVISION OF LAST
TERM’S WORK
WEEK 2

TOPIC: CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT

SPORTS
CONTACT SPORT

Contact Sports are sports that involve body contact between players or opponents as part of play.
Contact actions include tackling, pulling, blocking etc

Contact Sports include the following;

1. Wrestling
2. Judo
3. Football
4. Boxing
5. Hockey
6. Ice hockey
7. Water polo
8. Karate
9. Basketball
10. Taekwondo etc

NON CONTACT SPORTS

Non contact sports are sports in which the players or opponents are separated in such a way that it is
difficult for them to make contact with each other.

In contact sports, making is usually against the rules of the game and could lead to disqualification of
the participant.

EXAMPLES OF NON-CONTACT SPORTS INCLUDE;

1. Athletics e.g 100m, 200m, javelin, long jump, high jump etc
2. Golf
 3. Tennis
4. Table tennis
5. Volleyball
6. Swimming
7. Gymnastics
8. Skating
9. Biking
10. Monopoly
11. Scrabble
12. Chess
13. Dart etc

ASSIGNMENT

1. Differentiate between Contact and non contact sport

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Give examples of contact sports.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Give examples of non-contact sports.
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WEEK 3 & 4

TOPIC: BENEFITS OF CONTACT AND

NON CONTACT SPORTS
BENEFITS OF CONTACT SPORTS

1. It builds up muscles and aids physical fitness.

2. It develops endurance skills, self-confidence and self-reliance
3. It improves body mobility, agility and flexibility
4. It promotes stamina
5.It also correct bad postures

BENEFITS OF NON-CONTACT SPORTS

1. It improves concentration and mental focus.

2. It builds self esteem and confidence
3. It provides means of recreation
4. It helps in building self confidence
5. It improves skills that are useful for sports and games.

Evaluation
1. State three each of the benefits of contact and non-contact spots
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WEEK 5

TOPIC: BASIC SKILLS IN CONTACT AND

NON CONTACT SPORT
BASIC SKILLS IN CONTACT SPORTS (FOOTBALL)

1. Tackling
2. Passing
3. Goal keeping
4. Kicking
5. Dribbling
6. Heading
7. Trapping etc

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (volleyball)

1. Service
2. Spiking
3. Blocking
4. Digging
5. Setting

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES OF NON CONTACT SPORTS (swimming)

1. Buoyancy means the ability to float in water with confidence

2. Propulsion in water means the way the body is pushed through water by the actions of the arms
and legs. There are four basic strokes or propulsion styles which are front crawl, breaststroke,
backstroke and butterfly stroke
3. Breathing

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN GYMNASTICS

1. Flexibility
2. Mental focus
3. Balance
4. Discipline
5. Power
6. Concentration
7. Strength

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN CONTACT SPORT

1. Personal Hygiene is your responsibility

2. It is compulsory that student wear he
appropriate uniform when training.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN NON CONTACT SPORTS

1. Always follow instructions

2. Avoid distractions
3. Practice skills within your capacity
4. Ask questions when in doubt
5. Proceed from simple to complex
6. Never underestimate your opponent

EVALUATION
1. Give two each of the skills in contact and non-contact sports
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. State two each of the safety precautions in contact and non-contact sport.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Assignment: Give four each of the rules and regulations of contact and non-contact sport
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
WEEK 6

TOPIC: PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND

THEIR PREVENTIONS
DISEASES

Pathogens are very tiny organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye but which cause diseases
when they enter the body.

PATHOGENS

The agents causing diseases are called pathogens.

PATHOGENS OR DISEASE CAUSATIVE AGENTS ARE THE FOLLOWING

1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Protozoa
5. Worms
6. Rickettsiae

DISEASES CAUSED BY PATHOGENS

A disease is an incident that disrupts the structure and function of the body system.
The diseases which are caused by pathogens are also known as pathogenic diseases.

1. Diarrhea
2. Poliomyelitis
3. Tuberculosis
4. Hepatitis
5. HIV/AIDS
6. Malaria
7. Measles
8. Chicken pox
9. Mumps

There are two main types of diseases. They are:

1.Communicable diseases
2.Non-communicable diseases

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

These are diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another or from animals to human
Some common Examples of communicable
diseases are;

1. Whooping cough
2. Measles
3. HIV/AIDS
4. Tuberculosis
5. Yellow fever
6. Cholera
7. Syphilis
8. Scabies
9. Flu
10. Gonorrhea

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

This type of disease cannot be transmitted from one person to the other. Examples are:
Non-communicable diseases may result from Physiological failure, chemical fallout, malnutrition,
genetic traits, brain damage etc.

1. Cancer
2. Stroke
3. Asthma
4. Sickle cell
5. Ulcer
6. Kwashiorkor
7. Epilepsy
8. Neurosis
9. Marasmus
10. Hypertension

The different ways of preventing and controlling communicable diseases are through:

1. Health education
2. Immunization
3. Clean environment
4. Adequate nutrition and feeding
5. Isolation and quarantine
6. Regular exercise
7. Good personal hygiene

Evaluation

1. What are diseases and Pathogens?

____________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Differentiate between communicable and non-communicable diseases with examples
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. State three ways of preventing diseases.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. Give five ways of preventing communicable diseases
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WEEK 7 & 8

TOPIC: FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH

Food, nutrients and health are three essentials of life for sportsmen and women. Adequate diet is
important for them to excel in their various sporting activities.

MEANING OF FOOD

Foods are substances which when taken into the body yield materials which can produce energy,
yield substances for growth and repairs of our body tissues.

NUTRITION: is the study of food and it's chemical composition, how it is taken, digested, utilised in
the body and influence health

NUTRIENTS are substances such as carbohydrates. Fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins and water
present in food items that provide nourishment necessary for the sustenance of life, growth and
maintenance of body temperature.

NOTE that nutrients are useful to the body only when converted into soluble form. This is possible
through the process of digestion

HEALTH- is the general condition of the body of the state of being well. A person is said to be
healthy when he/she is free from any illnesses or diseases

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD

1. Rice
2. Beans
3. Bread
4.Yam
5. Corn
6. Cassava
7. Fish
8. Meat
9. Butter
10. Wheat
11. Eggs etc

CLASSES OF FOOD

There are six (6) essential classes of food Nutrients, which are:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Vitamins
4. Fats and oil
5. Mineral salts
6. Water

Evaluation

1. Define Food, Nutrition and Nutrients

____________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. State the six classes of food
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3. Give three functions of food in the body
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WEEK 9

IMPORTANCE OF FOOD NUTRIENTS

Food is important to the human body because it performs the following functions:
1. Provides energy for various physical activities

2. For replacement, repair and multiplication of cells for growth

3. For the maintenance of body heat

4. For manufacture of blood cells

5. For the protection of the body against diseases

6. For proper functioning of the body systems

7. It eliminates hunger

8. Enhance growth and development

Assignment
1. Differentiate between Nutrition and balanced Diet
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2.List 10 different types of food
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WEEK (10)

THE FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS

CLASSES OF FOOD
(A)Functions of carbohydrates food

1. it supply abundant energy to the body in form of glucose

2. Help the body grow stronger
3.Satisfy hunger

(B) Functions of proteins

1. It repair worn-out tissues

2. It helps the body to grow and repair body cells
3. Regulate body functions

(C) Functions of fats & Oils

1 It provide high level energy

2. It protect delicate internal organs
3. It provide body heat for warmth

(D) Functions of Vitamins

1. Vitamins are very essential to life as they assist in the growth and development of the body
tissues and help to maintain good health by protecting the body against infections.

(E) Functions of Mineral salt

1. For blood clotting

2. Proper heart, muscles and nerve functions
3. For strong bones
4.. production of red blood cells
5. Regulate metabolism

(F) Functions of water

1. It helps to remove waste products from the body

2. It aids digestion
3. It regulates body temperature

Assignment:

1. Give one example of each class of food

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2. Outline four importance of food
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REVISION & EXAM

SECOND TERM
SCHEME OF WORK PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION
J.S.S 1
WEEK TOPICS

1. Revision of last term's work

Recreation, Leisure and Dance activities

2. Importance of food

3. Athletics: - (Track and field event)

-Discus and shot-put.
-Drawing and labeling the sectors of shot-put, Discus with dimensions.

4. Basic skills and techniques in the following events:

I. Shot put.
ii. Discus.
Safety measures in shot put and discus.
• The benefits of taking part in athletics.

5. Execution of basic skills and techniques

i. Execution of basic skills and techniques in:
(A) Discuss
-The hold
-Stance
-The swing
-The turns
(B) Shot put
-Hold
-Stance
-Glide
-Release
6. Ball games: Volleyball
Volleyball - History of volleyball.
Basic skills and techniques in volleyball.

7&8 Practical performance of volleyball

History of soccer

9 Basis skills and techniques in soccer.

Application of the rules and regulations governing soccer and their functions
-Facilities and equipments.
-Values of soccer.

10. -Practical performance of soccer

11. Revision

12 Examinations
WEEK 1

Topic: RECREATION, LEISURE AND DANCE

WHAT IS RECREATION?

Recreation: - Can be defined as the activities which a person participates in, during leisure hour
either individually or collectively through which one may better develop physically, mentally,
emotionally and socially.

Scope of Recreation

1. Indoor recreation: indoor activities are activities that are performed inside the house, hall, or
generally under a roof. Examples are: playing music, television, playing ludo, draught, snake and
ladder reading or writing.

2. Outdoor recreation: outdoor activities are activities that are performed outside or in an open
place such as parks, and sport field. Examples are: swimming, gardening, jogging

LEISURE:- This is the free time after the day's work. It is during leisure time that recreational
activities take place in form of games, dancing, singing and so on.

WAYS OF SPENDING LEISURE TIME INCLUDE Dance, Rest, Sleep, and Relaxation.

Dance is an expressive movement of turning, twisting and rolling of the body (part) to conform with
the rhythm of a sound, beat or music. It involves the movement of the body which is meant to
achieve physical fitness through the five fundamental movements of walking, running, jumping,
leaping and hopping. There are different dance steps to different beats, Songs and sounds.
Rest: This is a state of inactivity, which occur when an individual is in a comfortable place and is not
making use of any part of the body to do any work.

Sleep: This is a complete resting state in which the eyes are closed.
Relaxation: This is the state of being free from stress and anxiety.
Benefits of recreation, Leisure and dance
1. Refreshment of both body and mind
2. Create room for fun and enjoyment
3. Carry over values of skills learnt in physical education classes.
4. Promotion of mental alertness, social and emotional stability.
5. It helps to correct bad posture
6. It prevents crime among young people

Characteristics of recreation, Leisure and dance

1. It must be voluntary
2. It must be enjoyable to the participants
3. It does not require a great deal of skill.
4. It may and may not be competitive in nature.
5. It must be beneficial and socially approved

Evaluation

1. What is dance
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2. What is outdoor recreation and give examples activities of outdoor recreation.
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Assignment

1. List ways of spending leisure period and explain two.

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WEEK TWO

TOPIC: FOOD
SUB TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF FOOD
Food is any substances that provide the body with energy, growth, heat and repair of energy, grown,
and repair of tissues.

Food is any substance which when taken is capable of maintaining growth and development. Good
food is the basis of good health and well-being. There are six classes of food:

1. Carbohydrate

2. Proteins

3. Fat and oil

4. Vitamin

5. Mineral salt

6. Water

IMPORTANCE OF FOOD

1. It satisfies hunger

2. It keeps us healthy

3. It protect the body against diseases

4. It supplies energy to the body

5. It eliminates hunger

6. It provides energy for various physical activities

EVALUATION

1. Define food
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2. List four importance of food
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ASSIGNMENT

Write-out twenty types of food.

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WEEK 3

TOPIC:- ATHLETICS (Track and

Field events)
Sub-topic:- DISCUS AND SHOT-PUT
Athletics is a competitive sport, which involves running, jumping and throwing. It can be grouped
into two broad heading that is track and field.

Discus:- Is a throwing event. It is also a field event in athletics.

RULES OF DISCUS

1. All throws shall be made within the throwing sector

3. No competitors shall over step the throwing sectors line
4. Competitors must not leave the throwing sector until the implement has landed
5. The implement or missile must land must land within the landing area
6. The use of glove is not allowed
7. Each competitors is allowed a maximum of six and a minimum of three throws

Throwing sector: the discus shall be thrown from within a circle whose diameter shall be 2.50M.

The throwing sector shall have an angle of 45° degrees constructed

SHOT-PUT:- Is a field event in athletics. It is also a throwing event.

RULES AND REGULATIONS OF SHOT PUT

1. Each competitors shall be credited with the best of his put

2. The athlete throw must commence from inside the circle
3. The athlete must commence throw from stationary position
4. The athlete must not touch the ground outside the circle after he has commenced to make throw
5. The athlete must not leave the until the missile has landed
6. The shot-put must be held with fingers
7. For a throw to be valid, missile must land within the sector

EVALUATION

1. Define discus?
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2. List six rules and regulations of discus and shot put.
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ASSIGNMENT

1. Define Athletics?
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2. Mention the officials in shot put.
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WEEK 4

TOPIC: BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

IN SHOT PUT AND DISCUS EVENTS.

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN SHOT PUT EVENT.

1. Grip and carriage
2. The stance
3. Turning put or the glide put
4. The release or delivery or throw
5. The recovery

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN DISCUSS

1. Carriage/Hold
2. The stance
3. The swing
4. The stand throw
5. The turn and throw
6. The delivery
7. The release/ throw
8. The recovery/ follow through

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN SHOT PUT AND DISCUS

1. The missile is dangerous and destructive if it is not used or handled with care
2. The throwing area should be accident free.
3. No person should walk across the landing area until all throws have been made.
4. All throws must be in one direction
5. The shot put and discus must be carried in the correct manner.
6. After throwing, the missile must be returned by hand and not thrown back to the starting line.
7. The throwing sectors must be marked out so that people will stay clear from it.

BENEFITS OF TAKING PART IN ATHLETICS.

1. It helps in mental development
2. Fitness improvement
3. It impacts value like discipline, responsibilities, self-confidence, sacrifice and accountability.
4. Provision of life career
5. It make pupils have love for athletics
6. To acquire skills

EVALUATION

1. Mention five basic skills and techniques in discus event

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2. List five basic skills and techniques in shot put event
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3. List five safety precaution in discus and shot put events
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4. Write out four benefits of athletics
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ASSIGNMENT

1. Draw a standard 400-meter running track and field

WEEK 5

EXECUTION OF BASIC SKILLS AND

TECHNIQUES IN SHOT PUT

1. The handhold: - The shot put is picked up with spread fingers so that the thumb and the small
finger lie to the side and the other to the back. It is then placed in the hollow of the collarbone and
against the neck.

2. The stance:-The shot-putter stands comfortably erect at the front half of the circle with the left
foot placed near the throwing arc. The left shoulder points to the direction of put the right foot is
placed behind, near the centre, bend to the right with the weight of the body over the right leg.

The left leg is raised slightly to the direction of throw.

3. Turning put or the glide put:- The handhold is for standing put.
The shot putter standing on the right leg near the rear circle faces the rear,
He/ She bends right knee so much that his chest touches his knee.
The left leg is raised up and it points the direction of put.

4. THE RELEASE OR DELIVERY OR THROW:-The putting elbow is gradually brought sides ways. The
shot is released at an angle of approximately forty-five degrees (45°).

5. THE RECOVERY:- This is the getting out of the putting circle. The putter should see the missile
land, before he/she comes out of the circle through the rear half.

EXECUTION OF BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN DISCUS

1. The handhold or grip:- This depends on the size of the hand and the length of the fingers. The
discus is placed on the palm and the right hand is placed on it with the fingers evenly spread on the
missile or implement. The hold must be relaxed before practicing rolling
2. The stance:-The athlete stands astride position in the front half of the circle with the left side to
the line of throw.

3. The swing: - This is swinging to the right or left of the body. The weight of the body is transferred
either on the right or to the left leg as the swinging is being made to the ri or left.

4. The stand throw: - Good throws are initiated by legs. Drive your right leg hard and upward so that
your right hip is forced to the front, let the arm swing through easily.

5. The turn and throw: - The athlete should position himself in the back half of the circle with his back
turned into the direction of throw.

6. The delivery:-The athlete should have both feet firm on the ground, he should try to regain his
balance when attempting to deliver the missile.

7. The release:- The flight of the missile must be smooth. The flight depends on the speed and the
direction of the wind.

8. The recovery: - This is when the athlete regains the body balance from stepping either on or
outside the circle.

EVALUATION

Execution of basic skills and techniques in shot put and discus

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ASSIGNMENT
2 List five techniques /phases of shot put
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WEEK 6

TOPIC: HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL

SUB-TOPIC:- BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
IN VOLLEYBALL
William J. Morgan at Holyoke Y.M.C.A. gymnasium in America invented volleyball as a game in 1895.
The international volleyball Association was formed in 1947.

Volleyball became an Olympic game in 1964 and was first played at the Olympic game in Tokyo,
Japan.

The Nigeria volleyball federation was formed in 1970 with Dr. J. C. Omoruan as its first chairman. It is
a game played between two teams of six players each. The volleyball which is rectangular in shape is
divided into two by a center line where the net poles are fixed and each team occupies a side.

BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES OF VOLLEYBALL

The skills involved in the game include:

1. The service/ serving:- is the way the game is started or the act of putting the game into
2. The spiking/spike:- is the offensive and forceful hitting of a set ball over the net to make it difficult
or impossible for the opponents to return the delivery
3. The blocking/block:- is a defensive way of obstructing a spiked ball so that it bounces back to the
spiker or touch the ground on the spiker's
4. The digging/ dig pass:- is the act of making contact with the ball using the forearms joined
together by the fingers.
5. The volleying/volley:- is the act of keeping the ball in the air with the finger tips during game
situation
6. The setting up/ set-up:-is the act of putting up the ball for a spike.
7. The set-up:- is the act of putting up the ball for a spike

THE OFFICIALS OF VOLLEYBALL

A match is conducted by

1. The first referee

2. The Umpire
3. One scorer

4. Two or four linesmen

THE DUTIES OF THE REFEREE

1. Is the principal officers of the game

2. He has absolute control over all officials and the members of the teams
3. Signifies with the hand offence committed by players

THE DUTIES OF THE UMPIRE

1. He signs the score sheet

2. He controls the players on the warm-up area
3. He assists the referee

THE DUTIES OF THE SCORER

1. Obtaining correct records of all players before the commencement of the game.

Ensuring that all the players keep their rotation order

He records any sanctions.

Ensuring that all players keeps their rotation order

THE DUTIES OF THE LINESMEN

1. To watch and indicate to the referee by raising their flags up above their heads and pointing to the
back when the ball is out, lowering and pointing to the front when the ball is in

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT IN VOLLEYBALL

1. The balls
2. The canvas
3. The vests and shorts
4. The knee cap
5. The net
6. The court
7. The whistle
8. The score board
9. The referee's stand
10. Wrist bound e.t.c

VALUES OF VOLLEYBALL
1. It promotes friendship.
2. It provides fun and enjoyment
3. It helps to develop team spirit
4. It enhance total physical well-being
5. As the body meets rigorous demands of playing volleyball, the heart will become stronger and
more efficient.

COMMON INJURIES IN VOLLEYBALL

1. Dislocation
2. Bruises
3. Strain
4. Sprain
5. Dislocation

EVALUATION

1. The game of volleyball was invented by....

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2. The game of volleyball became Olympic sports in the
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3. List four officials for the game of volleyball
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4. Mention four common injuries in volleyball
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ASSIGNMENT

Instruction: Write your answers in words.

1. Mention basic skills and techniques in volley ball

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2. List 10 equipment's and facilities for the game of volleyball
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WEEK 7 & 8

TOPIC:- PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE OF VOLLEYBALL

THE BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN
VOLLEYBALL

1. The service/ serving:- is the way the game is started or the act of putting the game into p

2. The spiking/ spike:- is the offensive and forceful hitting of a set ball over the net to make it
difficult or impossible for the opponents to return the delivery

3. The blocking/block:- is a defensive way of obstructing a spiked ball so that it bounces back to the
spiker or touch the ground on the spiker's

4. The digging/ dig pass:- is the act of making contact with the ball using the forearms joined
together by the fingers.

5. The volleying/ volley:- is the act of keeping the ball in the air with the finger tips during game
situation

6. The setting up/ set-up:-is the act of putting up the ball for a spike
7. The set-up:- is the act of putting up the ball for a spike

EVALUATION
1. Demonstration of the techniques and skills in volleyball
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ASSIGNMENT
1. Explain two basic skills in volleyball.
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WEEK 9

TOPIC:- HISTORY OF SOCCER

SUB-TOPIC:- BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
The true origin of soccer is difficult to determine, but one historian reported that soccer originated
in Greece where it was called harpaston. The Romans obtained the game from the Greeks and in turn
passed it on to England. The English called it football while the Americans called it soccer.

The game was brought to Nigeria by the colonial masters in the early 19th century, the British sailors
that made stopover in Nigeria played the game as recreation.

BASIC SKILLS OF SOCCER/FOOTBALL

1. KICKING:- Is the act of moving the ball with the leg from place to place either by the side of the
toes or instep.

2. PASSING:- Is the act of sending the ball from one player to other members of the team by kicking,
chesting or heading.

3. TRAPPING:- Is the act of stopping a moving ball with the sole of the foot, chest or head

4. DRIBBLING:- Is the act of moving with the ball and avoiding the opponents in a zigzag manner, in
doing this, the ball is kept close to the feet.

5. THROW-IN:- Is the act of putting the ball to play after it has over the touch line or side line

6. SHOOTING:- Is the act of kicking the ball at the goal post with the aim of scoring.

7. HEADING:- Is the act of playing the ball with the head

8. GOALKEEPING:- Is the of preventing the ball from going into the goal. Only the goal keeper is
allowed to use the hands during match.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT OF FOOTBALL/SOCCER.

1. Nets
2. Balls
3. Jerseys
4. Score board
5. Football boot
6. Football Socks/hose
7. Shin guard
8. Stop watch
9. Whistle
10. Corners flags
11. Referee's cards(yellow and red)
12. Biro/pencil
13. Knee cap
14. Hand gloves etc
15. The field of play
16. The goal posts

OFFICIALS OF FOOTBALL AND THEIR DUTIES

1. The Referee:-is the most important official... a game of football. He/she controls and game of
football. He/she controls and enforces the laws of the game.

2. The linesmen:-two linesmen are required to assist the referee. They are to signal by the use of the
linesman's flag to the referee when there is infringement on rules of the game

3. Match commissioner:-he is responsible for substitution and also records number of book players
on the field

4. Reserved Referee:-is the referee on standby

RULES AND REGULATIONS OF SOCCER/FOOTBALL

There are numerous rules of the game

1. Charging an opponent dangerously

2. Holding an opponent

3. Striking an opponent

5. Kicking an opponent

6. Handling the ball (except the goal keeper within his penalty area)

7. Tripping an opponent

8. Jumping at opponent

9. Using abusive language on players or officials

VALUES OF SOCCER

1. Fun and enjoyment

2. Life career

3. Mental development

4. Social development

5. Development of skills

EVALUATION

1. Mention ten equipment's and facilities of Soccer

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2. List four values of soccer
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ASSIGNMENT

1.Narrate the history of soccer

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2. List four officials of soccer
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3. Write out five rules and regulation governing soccer
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WEEK TEN

TOPIC:- PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE OF SOCCER

1. KICKING:- Is the act of moving the ball with the leg from place to place either by the side of the
toes or instep. 2. PASSING:- Is the act of sending the ball from one player to other members of the
team by kicking, chesting or heading.

3. TRAPPING:-Is the act of stopping a moving ball with the sole of the foot, chest or head

4. DRIBBLING: Is the act of moving with the ball and avoiding the opponents in a zigzag manner, in
doing this, the ball is kept close to the feet.

5. THROW IN:- Is the act of putting the ball to play after it has over the touch line or side line

6. SHOOTING:- Is the act of kicking the ball at the goal post with the aim of scoring.

7. HEADING:- Is the act of playing the ball with the head

8. GOALKEEPING:- Is the of preventing the ball from going into the goal. Only the goal keeper i
allowed to use the hands during match.

EVALUATION
1. Demonstration of techniques and skills involved in soccer

ASSIGNMENT

List and explain two basic skills and techniques in Soccer

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WEEK ELEVEN

Revision
WEEK 12

Examination