APPENDIX 1: LIST OF APHRODISIACS

Throughout this book, vast numbers of animal, vegetable and mineral

substances have been considered as potential aphrodisiacs on the basis
of their historical or mythical reputations. Although the large majority
of purported aphrodisiacs can be immediately refuted as totally
spurious, the enduring credulity of mankind is amply illustrated by the
following list of the potential aphrodisiacs referred to in the principal
references quoted in the text. The sheer number and variety of sub-
stances should be sufficient to induce a healthy scepticism in the
reader:

Absinthe Arris root

Acarus calamus (sweet flag) Arrowroot
Adrenaline Artemisia (wormwood)
Adrenochrome Artichoke (globe)
Advocaat Asparagus
Affion (Chinese opium) Aubergine
Agate (precious stone) Avocado pear
Alchone (herb) Bamboo shoots
Alcohol (in all forms) Banana
Allspice Banisteria caapi (plant source of
Almonds harmine alkaloids)
Almond soup Banyan
Aloes (bitter essence) Barbel
Alpine gentian Basil (sweet herb)
Amanita muscaria (toxic fungus Bathing
containing muscarine) Beans
Amaranth (love-lies-bleeding) Beef
Ambergris Beer
Anacyclus pyrethrum Beetroot
Analeptics (stimulant drugs) Belladonna (deadly nightshade,
Anchovy source of atropine)
Angel water (an early perfume) Benedictine
Anise (source of aniseed) Betel nut
Ants (substitute for cantharides) Bhang (cannabis)
Anvalli (tropical nut) Bhuya-Kokali (plant of the
'Aphrodisin' (proprietary remedy Solanaceae family; contains
containing yohimbine) alkaloids)
Apium petroselinum (parsley) Bird's-nest soup
Apple Birthwort
Apricot brandy Blood
Aquamarine (precious stone) Bois Bande (West Indian tree)
Areca palm (betel-nut tree) Bones (of peacock or hyena)
Armagnac Borax
Arrack Brains

257
258 Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs

Brandy Co d liver oil

Brassica eruca (rocket) Cod's roe
Brewer's yeast Cointreau
Broad-bean soup Cola drinks
Broccoli Cola nuts
Bufotenin Colewort
Burgundy wine Coriander
Buttermilk baths Cow wheat
B-vitamins Crab
Cabbage Crab apples
Cactus (hallucinogenic peyote) Crayfish
Calabash (gourd) Cream
Calamint Creme de menthe
Calcium Cress
Calisia (Peruvian tree bark) Crocodile tail
Camel bone Crocodile teeth
Camel's fat Cubeb (pepper berries)
Camel's milk Cucumber
Camphor Cumin
Cannabis Curry
Cannelloni Cuttle-fish
Cantharides Cyclamen root
Caperberry Damiana (plant extracts)
Capsicum (pepper plant) Dandelion wine
Caraway Darnel (a species of grass)
Cardamon Dates
Cardoon (artichoke-like plant) Deer antlers
Carrot Deer sperm
Castor oil Diasatyrion (plant root)
Caviar Dill
Celaton CH3 plus (procaine) Dog-stones (orchid root)
Cevadille (spurge plant) Dove brains
Celery Dragon's blood (plant resin)
Champagne Drambuie
Chartreuse liqueur Drepang (sea slug)
Cheese Dried frog
Cherries Dried liver
Chervil Duck (Peking)
Chestnuts Du[z (perfume)
Chick peas Dumplings
Chicken Eels
Chillies Eggs
Chives Egg-plant (aubergine)
Chocolate Elderberry wine
Chutney Endive
Cider Eryngo
Cinchona Euphorbium
Cinnamon E-vitarnin
Civet Falernia
Clams Fennel
Cloves Figs
Cocaine Fish
Cockle bread Fleawort
Cockles Frangipane (Olibanum)
 Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs 259

French Onion Soup Isinglass

Frogs' bones Italian soup (calves' heel, crayfish,
Frogs' legs carrots, celery and shallots)
Fruit Jasmine
Galanga (plant root) Julep
Galantine Julienne (soup)
Gall Juniper
Game Kahawi (fish)
Garlic Karengro (plant)
Gentian Kasurika (Indian fruit)
Ghee Kava
Gillyflower Kedgeree
Ginger Keitafo banlon (contemporary quack
Ginseng remedy from Hong Kong)
Glucose Kelp
Goats' eyes Kidney
Goat suet Kidney bean
Goats' testicles Kipper
Goose Kite (dead flesh of)
Gopalika (plant) Kshirika (plant)
Gossypion Kuili (Hindu remedy)
Goulash Kummel
Grape juice Kyphi (Egyptian remedy)
Green pepper Lamb
Guduchi (Indian plant) Lamprey
Guinea fowl Lard
Haddock Lavender
Haggis Lecithin
Halibut Lentils
Hallucinogenic drugs Lion fat
Ham Liquorice
Hare soup Liver
Haricot beans Lizard
Harmine (alkaloid) Lobster
Hashish Lotus flower
Hedysarum gangeticum Lycopodium (root)
Hellebore Mackerel
Hemlock Madeira wine
Henbane Maerua arenaria (Indian herb)
Henna Ma·Fu·Shuan (Chinese remedy)
Herbs Maidenhair fern
Herissah (dish of mutton and pepper) Maize
Herring Mallow
Hippomanes Mandrake
Honey Mango
Horseradish Marijuana
Hydrocotyle Marjoram
Hydromel (honey and water) Marrow (vegetable)
Hyssop Marzipan
Ibogene Mastic resin
Indian hemp Mead
Intestines Meadow sweet (Filipendula ulmaria)
Iodine Meat
Iron Melon
260 Appendix 1: List ofAphrodisiacs

Membrum virile Parsley

Mescaline Parsnip
Milk Partes genitales
Mineral waters Partridge
Mint Pastries
Moh tree (source of arrack) Peaches
Molasses Pears
Molluscs Peas
Moly (wild garlic) Pellitory
Mugwort Pennyroyal
Mulberry Pepper
Muscat (wine) Peppermint
Mushrooms Perfumes
Musk Periwinkle
Mussels Perry
Mustard Perspiration
Mutton Pheasant
Myosotis (forget-me-not) Phosphorus
Myrrh Pigeon
Myrtle Pimento
Nail parings Pine nuts
Navelwort Pineapple
Necks of snails Pizza ururdu
Nectar Plaice
Nectarine Plantain (tropical fruit)
Nedde (Arab perfume) Plovers' eggs
Negus (mulled wine) Plums
Nepenthe (opium) Polignonia (mediaeval herb)
Nettles Pomegranate
Niacin Poonac (coconut extract)
Nicotine Pork in milk
Ninjin (Japanese plant root) Port wine
Nuoc-Man (Chinese remedy including Potatoes
decayed fish and salt) Poteen
Nutmeg Prawns
Nuts Premna spinosa (Hindu remedy)
Nux vomica (strychnine) Prune liqueurs
Nymphaea (water lily: Hindu Pumpkin seed
remedy) Punch
Oatmeal Pyrethrum (pellitory)
Octopus Quail
Oils Quassia (South American tree)
Ointments Queen apple
Olibanum Quince
Ololuigui Quinine
Onion Rabbit pie
Onion seed Radish
Opium Radix chinae
Orchid Rakta-Bol (Hindu name for myrrh)
Origanum (marjoram) Raspberries
Orris Rauwolfia (source of resperine)
Oysters Ray
Papaw Red pepper
Paprika Reptiles
 Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs 261

Rhubarb So uthernwood
Riboflavin (B-group vitamin) Soya bean
Rice Spanish flies
Rice oil (extract of Ruta graveolens) Sparrows
Rocket (vegetable) Spearmint
Roes Sperm
Rook heart Spikenard (aromatic extract of
Rosemary oriental plant)
Rubber Spinach
Rue Spurges
Rum Storgethron (Greek plant, probably
Safflower the leek)
Saffron Stramonium (Datura plant)
Sage Strawberries
Salads Sturgeon
Salep (prepared from orchid roots) Surag (plant root)
Salmon Swallow's nest soup
Samphire Swans' genitals
Sandalwood Sweet flag
Scandix cerepolium Sweet potato
Sansevieria (plant included in a Syllabub
Hindu recipe) Tallow
Santonin (extracted from Artemisia) Taro plant
Sapodilla Tarpon
Sarsaparilla Tarragon
Sassafras Testes
Satyrion (unidentified plant used in Thorn-apple (Datura stramonium)
Roman times) Thyme
Sausages Tokay
Sauterne wine Tomatoes
Savory Tonka (extract from tonquin beans)
Scallops Tripe
Scammony Truffles
Schnapps Turmeric
Sea-slug Turnips
Sedative-hypnotic drugs Uchchata (Indian plant)
Semen Udders
Sesame Unicorn
Sex glands of animals Urid seeds (Indian chick peas)
Shallot Valerian
Sheeps'trotters Vanilla
Shellfish Vatodbhranta (plant included in a
Sherry Hindu recipe)
Shimyaan (South African drink) Veal
Shlakshnaparni (Indian plant) Venison
Shrimps Vermicelli
Shvadaustra (Hindu recipe) Vermouth
Skink Vinegar
Skirret Vitamins
Sloe gin Vodka
Snails Vulva of the sow
Snuff Weasel ashes
Sole Well water
Soups Wheatgerm
262 Appendix 1: List of Aphrodisiacs

Whiting Woodruff
Wild poppy Wormwood
Wild rue Yam
Wine Yarrow
Winged ants Yeast
Winkles Yellow-wood
Witch-hazel Yoghurt
Woodcock Yohimbine
APPENDIX 2: EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM

In order to understand how drugs exert their effects it is necessary to

understand something of the functioning of the nervous system. Sexual
function is dependent upon the activity of both the peripheral nervous
system and the central nervous system (eNS), which consists of the
brain and spinal cord. The electrical conducti9n of impulses along
nerves provides the body with a very rapid means of communicating
information. Where nerves form junctions, or synapses, a chemica!
neurotransmitter is released which acts like a highly local hormone
and enables the impulse signal to be transmitted to the next nerve.
Junctions between nerves in the periphery are called ganglia. In addi-
tion to communicating with each other, nerves, or neurones as they are
termed, can transmit signals to other tissues such as the muscles or
glands. Different nerves use different chemical transmitters, the best
known probably being noradrenaline, the transmitter responsible for
stimulating the heart and blood vessels.
Virtually all the drugs which act through the nervous system either
potentiate or antagonize some aspect of the function of the rieuro-
transmitters. Several clinically used drugs have been found to have
unexpected effects on sexual functioning, usually as a result of some
interaction with a neurotransmitter in an unrelated part of the nervous
system. The drugs which are abused are all active in the eNS and tend
to be taken precisely for the effects which would be regarded as un-
desirable in a clinical situation.
The main divisions of the nervous system are set out in Table A.2.1.
The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory nerves which receive
information from the environment, motor nerves which control the
voluntary muscles, and the autonomic nerves over which we have little
conscious control and which are divided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic systems. Normal sexual activity requires the intact
functioning of all these different nerve types, and the eNS neuro-
transmitters are important in the regulation of mood, alertness and
the libido.

263
264 Appendix 2

Table A.2.1: Main Divisions of the Nervous System

System Transmitter Sites of Action

Cholinergic Acetylcholine Peripheral ganglia, motor nerves to
voluntary muscles, peripheral para-
sympathetic nerves and throughout
the CNS

Adrenergic Noradrenaline Peripheral sympathetic nerves and

throughout the CNS

Dopaminergic Dopamine Nigrostriatal pathway and limbic areas

of brain

Serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine Striatal area of brain and some specific

pathways
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13. Goodwin, F .K. et al. (1970) Lancet i, 908
14. Korten, J.J. et al. (1973) J. Am. Med. Assoc. 226, 355
15. Laver, M.C. (1974) Aust. New Zeal. J. Med. 4, 29
16.A1exander, W.D. and Evans, J.1. (1975) Brit. Med. J. ii, 501
17.Smith, B. and Prockop, D.J. (1962) New Engl. J. Med. 267, 1338
270 Bibliography

18. Oswald, 1. (1966) Brit. J. Psychiat. 112,391

19.Doust, J. et al. (1972) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 155,261
20. Sicuteri, F. and Del Bene, E. (1975) Acta. vito enzymol. 29, 100
21.Cremata, V.Y. (1966) Clin. Pharm. Ther. 7,768
22. Feldman, J.M. et al. (1977) Horm. Metab. Res. 9,156
23. Benkert, O. et al. (1976) Arzneim. Forsch. 26, 1369
24. Beaumont, G. (1973) J. Int. Med. Res. 1,469
25. Eaton, H. (1973) J. Int. Med. Res. 1,432
26. Freed, E. (1983) Med. J. Aust. i, 551
27.Zacest, R. et al. (1983) Lancet i, 1221
28. Rubin, H.B. et al. (1979) Behav. Res. Ther. 17, 305
29.Barbeau, A. (1969) Can. Med. Assoc. J. 101,59

Chapter 9
Comfort, A. (1971) 'Likelihood of Human Pheromones', Nature (Lond.) 230,
432
King, J. (1983) 'Have the Scents to Relax', World Medicine 19, 29
Rogel, M.J. (1978) 'A Critical Evaluation of the Possibility of Higher Primate
Reproductive and Sexual Pheromones', Psychol. Bull. 85, 810

l.Curtis, R.F. et al. (1971) Nature (Lond.) 232, 396

2. Waltman, R. et at. (1973) Lancet ii, 496
3.Morris, N.M. and Udry, J.R. (1978) J. Biosoc. Sci. 10,147
4.Perfumery (Creative Leisure Series, International Publications Service, New
York, 1975)
5.Black, S.L. and Biron, C. (1982) Behav. Neural. BioI. 34,326
6.The Role of Pleasure in Behaviour, R.G. Heath, ed. (Harper & Row, London,
1964), p. 219
 INDEX

Absinthe 64; see also wormwood as 223; traditional basis for 21;
Aconite 25 see also tonics
Acosta, Cristobal, on opium use 197 Aphrodite 1
Advertising 11-14; legislation of 15 ; Arab traditions: Galen and 37;
testimonials in 14 recipes belonging to 37-8
Advertising Standards Authority Aromatherapy 248-9
17; British Code of Practice and Arsenic 94-5; 1851 Arsenic Act 7;
18 see also heavy metals
Afrodex, clinical trial of 219-20 Arum Lily (A. maculatum) 63
Alcohol see ethanol Aspermia 240
Alcoholism, sexual problems of 137;
incidence of 138 Bald, Leech Book of 58
American Pitch Doctors 76 Baldness: sex hormones and 163-4;
Amfium see opium treatment with cantharidin
Amphetamines 174, 177-80, 186, 110-11
191; chemical structure 177; Banana skins 170
effects on sexual function 178-9; Barbiturates 174, 211; laws relating
law relating to 9 to use of 9
Amyl nitrite 202; use by homo- Bath, newspaper advertising in City
sexuals 203 of 12; spa waters of 75
Anaphrodisiacs 2, 5, 35, 87, 144-5; Beckman, studies on alcohol use
alcohol as 135; cocaine as 193-4; 132-3
dopamine antagonists as 232; Belladonna (Atropa belladonna)
drug side-effects and 239-40; 58,59,80
nicotine as 201; opium as 198-9; Benzodiazepines 174, 211
sex hormones as 162-4 Blistering, use of cantharides in
Androcur see cyproterone 106-7
Androgens: antagonists of 242; in Blossom, Mrs Violet 11; sales pitch
treatment of frigidity 157-60; of 76-8
side effects of 159; see also Bodily secretions 249-50
testosterone Brain stimulation: direct electrical
Androstenol 251-2 253-5; effects on libido 254;
Animal simples 35, 86 subliminal 255-6
Anti-androgens 242 Brodum, Dr, nervous cordial of
Anti-depressant drugs 239 12-13
Anunga Runga, the 21 Bromocriptine, in impotence 225-6;
Aphrodisiac recipes 22-4, 27-8, and prolactin release 160-1; and
37,39 sexual function 161
Aphrodisiacs: adult magazines and Bryony, White 114
96-8;.advertising of 17-18; clinical Burton, Sir Richard 21
trials of 219-22; cocaine as Burton, Robert 61
192-3; constituents of 98; Buttonsnake root 62
definition of 3; L-DOPA as 231; Butyl nitrite 203
drugs as 238-9; importance of
appearance of 171; laws relating Caffeine 214, 221
to use of 6-9; of the future Cannabis 9, 174, 175,180-6,208;
243-4; opium as 196-8; scientific active constituents of 183; laws
assessment of 164-7; strychnine relating to use of 9-11; sexual

271
272 index

behaviour and 185-6 bromocriptine

Cantharides 8, 57,79,85,99, Dopamine antagonists, anaphrodisiac
102-11,172,223; allopathic use properties of 232
of 106; as cure for baldness Double-blind clinical trials 169-70
110-11; cases of poisoning with Dragon's blood 47
109-10; homoeopathic use of Drawing Down the Moon, ceremony
108 of 31-2
Cantharidin: cases of poisoning with Drug abuse 1 73-5; laws relating to
107; chemical structure of 103; 9-11; preferences of users 175;
properties of 103 see also amphetamine, cannabis,
Cathinone, chemical structure of, cocaine, ethanol, nicotine, nitrites,
213; see also khat nutmeg,opium,ipsychedelic
Celestial Bed, the 75-6 drugs
Charms 30, 31-2, 35-6; see also
love charms Ejaculation 146-7; premature 145
China and the Far East: prescriptions Endocrinology of sexual function
for impotence from 27-8; 139-43; history of 139-40
traditions of 25 Endralazine 239
Chloroform, use in midwifery 211 Epilepsy, erotic phenomena and 4
p-Chlorophenylalanine see PCP A Erection of penis 146-7; measure-
Chrysocolla 39 ment of 217
Chung Yao Chih 25 Erotic films 165, 217
Clomipramine 238 Eryngo see Sea Holly
Coca see cocaine Ethanol 3,120-38,173,174,175,
Cocaine 174, 175, 179, 187-95, 183,210,223; as anaphrodisiac
208; anaphrodisiac properties 135; chronic drinking of 137;
of 193-5; aphrodisiac properties history of the use of 120; investi-
of 192-3; Freud and 190-1 ; gating effects of 131-4; local
growth of export of 191; history anaesthetic effect of 134; nature
of use of 187-9; laws relating to of drinks containing 122; pharma-
use of 9-11; toxic effects of cological properties of 125-6;
191-2, 194 from potato 61; presence in
Cockle Bread 46 absinthe 65; sex differences in
Code of Advertising Practice, aphro- effects of 129-30; sexual function
disiacs in 18 and 124; why people drink
Conditioning 4; Pavlovian 4, 248 123-4
Contagion, magical law of 42 Exaltolide 246; clinical trial of
Contraceptives, frigidity and 251-3
161-2;loraI143,152
Copulin 250 Fanny Hill 105
Culpeper, Nicholas 56,57,65 Fernie, Dr W.T., animal simples of
Cyproterone acetate 162-3,242 86
Fertility, magic charms and 41
Dangerous Drugs Act 9 Food and Drug Act (1906) 10
Delayed ejaculation, amphetamine Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
and 178 (1938) 10, 16
Digitalis 58 Freud, Sigmund, and use of cocaine
Doctrine of Signatures 42, 56, 59, 190-1
63,67 Frigidity 157-60; oral contraceptives
L-DOPA 224, 227-31; effect on and 161-2
libido 229
Dopamine 238, 253, 264; sexual Gerovital17, 87-92; clinical use of
function and 224-5 89; nature of 88; pharmacology
Dopamine agonists 227; see also of 88-90; rejuvenating properties
 Index 273

of 90-2 Kinsey, Dr B.A.: reports on sexual

Ginseng: in early Chinese medicine inadequacy 144, 148; sexual
25; comparison with mandrake dysfunction and alcohol 137
116; current use of 72-3; Kola nuts 213-14; extracts in soft
properties of 69-70; sex and drinks 214
70-2
Globe artichoke 62 Labelling of food regulations (1970)
Glyceryl trinitrate 203-4 17
Gonadorelin see LHRH Laws, affecting aphrodisiac use
Gonadotrophins 141-3 6-11; arsenic act 6; dangerous
Graham, Dr James, celestial bed of drugs act 9; food and drug act
75-6 10; food, drug and cosmetic act
Greece, magic traditions of 31-2 10,16; labelling of food regula-
Guy's tonic 81 tions 17; medicines act 17;
offences against the person act
Haight-Ashbury: drug use in 175; 7 -8; sexual offences act 8;
free medical clinic in 208 uniform narcotic drug act 9-10;
Hashish see cannabis United Kingdom laws 6-9; United
Heavy metals, presence in aphro- States constitution 10; United
disiacs 94-6 States laws 10-11
Henbane 58, 59 Leary, Timothy 208
Herbalism: and the church 59; LHRH: in male impotence 216; in
current practice of 73-4; treatment of impotence 223-4
principles of 56-7; see also Liver, as aphrodisiac 44
Doctrine of Signatures Love charms 43-4, 52-4, 57,
Herbal simples 58, 60, 61-3, 65; Babylonian 29; Greek 31-2;
Saxon use of 57-8 Hebrew 30; magical 49-53;
Heroin 174, 175; anaphrodisiac Mediaeval 46-8; Roman 45
effects of 198-9; laws relating Love-in-idleness, use in magic charms
to use of 9; see also opium 49
Hindu traditions 21 LSD 170,175,206-9
Hippomanes 46 Luteinizing hormone releasing
Homoeopathy 74; use of cantharides hormone see LHRH
in 108 Lysergic acid diethylamide see LSD
Homosexuals: testosterone and 156;
use of nitrites by 202-3 Magic: historical significance of 41 ;
5-Hydroxytryptamine see serotonin law of contact 42; law of
Hypnotics and sedatives 210-12 similarity 42
Hypogonadism 155,223-4 Magic charms: as aphrodisiacs 43-54;
charm rings 50; cockle bread
Impotence 144-5, 148-9; bromocrip- 46-7; dead strip 49; dragon's
tine in 225-6; endocrinological blood 47-8; hippomanes 46; John
disorders and 216-17; frequency the Conqueror root 47-8; love-in-
of 149; glyceryl trinitrate in 204; idleness 49; oriental examples of
treatment of 150 52-4; use of apples in 52; use of
Invigorants see tonics names in 51
Mallow 33
Jimson weed 116 Mandragora officinarum 117-18
John the Conqueror root 43, 47-8, Mandrake 56,99, 111-17; magical
70 use of 114-15; use as soporific
117-18
Kama Sutra, the 21-2,23 Madrax 99, 111, 118-20, 174, 175,
Kava 212 193, 211; pharmacological
Khat 212-13 properties of 119; reputation as
274 Index

aphrodisiac 119-20 Oestrogens 140

Marijuana see cannabis Offences against the Person Act
Martin, Dr Edward, on strychnine (1861) 7-8
223 Olfactory sensitivity 251
Masters and Johnson 131; on sexual Opium 25, 195-9, 208; laws relating
inadequacy 144, 145 to use of 9-11 ; as anaphrodisiac
Materia Medica, aphrodisiacs quoted 198-9; as aphrodisiac 196-8
in 85-7 Oral contraceptives 161-2
MDA (methylenedioxyamphetamine) Ovid 33, 46;Ars Amatoria of 33
175,208,209; derivatives in
nutmeg 205 Panax ginseng see ginseng
Medicinal waters 75 Parkinsonism 227; effects of L-DOPA
Medicines Act (1968) 17 in 229-31
Medvedev, studies on gingeng of 70 Parr, on sexual performance of
Menstrual cycle, hormone suppres- heroin addicts 199
sion of 141; libido during 5,158, Parsnip, wild, properties of 33
160; plasma hormone levels PCPA 72; clinical use of 237-8
during 158 Pega Palo 60,92-4; discovery of
Menstruation, anaphrodisiac effect of 93; recommended use of 93
45 Perfumed Garden, the 36, 38
Merck's manual of the Materia Perfumes 246-8
Medica 55, 86 Periwinkle (Vinca minor) 65
Mescaline 206, 209 Pheromones 244-6; presence in
Methadone 175, 195, 199 perfumes 246
Methaqualone see mandrax Phosferine 81
Methyltestosterone 219, 221; see also Phosphorus 83-5; aphrodisiac
testosterone properties of 84-5; treatment of
Monkey glands 150-4 impotence and 84
Moon, drawing down the 31; Placebo 167-9; as aphrodisiacs
influence of 23 171-2; in double-blind crossover
Moreau, Dr, on the effects of trials 169-70; and drug abuse
cannabis 181-2 170-1
Morocco, use of aphrodisiacs in 40 Plant aphrodisiacs 25-7,33-5,37,
Morphine 174, 195; laws relating to 60-5
use of 9-11 Pliny 33, 35, 36,45,46,47,63
Myristicin, in nutmeg 205 Podophyllum peltatum (American
mandrake) 117
Near East, Assyrian, Babylonian and Poisons, legal definitions of 7
Egyptian traditions of 29 Potato 61
Nerve tonics: Guy's tonic 81; phos- Potensan 215; clinical trials of 221-2
ferine 81; vitae-ore 82 Premature ejaculation 145; amphet-
Nettles, aphrodisiac uses of 34 amine and 178; clomipramine
Nicotine 174, 199-201,210; as and 238-9; cocaine and 193;
anaphrodisiac 201; see also incidence of 149
tobacco Procaine 88-9
Nitrites 175, 202-3; as aphrodisiacs Progesterone 141
203 Prolactin 160
Nomifensine 239 Proprietary Association of Great
Nutmeg 204-5; abuse of 204; as Britain 17
abortefacient 205 Psychedelic drugs 206-10; see also
Nux vomica see strychnine LSD

d'Obsonville, Foucher, on tartar Quaalude see mandrax

practices 28-9 Quackery: defmition of 55;
 Index 275

practitioners of 12, 74-6,78,82 Sexual inequality 4

Quack remedies: dragon's blood 47; Sexual Offences Act (1956) 8
Dr Brodum's 12-13; Dr Raphael's Shen Nung, pharmacopoeia of 25
14; for baldness 164; gerovital Solvent abuse 210
87-92; Guy's tonic 81; heavy Spanish Flies see cantharides
metals in 95-6; Kaviraj Keshab Stallion penis, use by Tartars 28-9
Lall Roy's 16-17; pega palo Strychnine 16, 79, 220, 221-2; use
92-4; phosferine 81; rhinoceros as aphrodisiac 223
horn 99-102; Robusto 78-9; Sundew 65
Sequarine 82; Tiger fat 11; Superstition,! belief in aphrodisiacs
Vigoroids 16; Vitae-Ore 82; and 58-9
Vital Sparks 76-8; Vitamin H
87 Testicles, transplants of 150-4
Quince 62 Testimonial~, use in advertising
14-15
Ragwort 65 Testoserone 141; in frigidity 157-9;
Raphael, Dr, his cordial invigorant 14 homosexuals and 156; and the
Rauwolfia see reserpine libido 216-17; in male impotence
Reserpine 232 155-7; in menstrual cycle 160;
Restoratives see tonics preparations with yohimbine
Rhinoceros horn 46, 60, 99-102; 218-21; replacement therapy
constituents of 101 3,215, 216; therapeutic role of
Robusto 79-80; advertising copy 155-7
for 80; Chicago Cure Co. and 79 Tetra-hydrocannabinol, chemical
Roman traditions 33-6 structure of 183
Roy, Kaviraj Keshab Lall, quack Thorn apple (Datura stramonium)
remedies of 16-17 116
Tiger fat 11
de Sade, Marquis 105 Tobacco 183, 187
Sea Holly (Eryngium maritimum) Tomato 60
61-2 Tonics 78, 81-2, 84, 86-7
Secret remedies 81 L-Tryptophan 234-6; clinical trials of
Sedative drugs 210-12 235
Serotonin 238; and sexual function
233-7 Unicorn 46; identification with
Sex attractants see pheromones rhinoceros 99-100
Sex hormones 140-3; clinical applica-
tions of 143; control of release Vaginal secretions, in humans
of, 141-3; oestrogens, 140; 249-50; in rhesus monkey 250
progesterone, 141; testosterone, Vatsyayana, the Kama Sutra of
141; use as anaphrodisiacs 162-3 21-3
Sexual arousal, during menstrual Vigoroids 16
cycle 160; methods for estimating Vikonon 221
164-5,217 Virgil, on hippo manes 46
Sexual conditioning 4 Vitae-Ore 82
Sexual dysfunction see sexual Vital Sparks, the story of 76-8
inadequacy Vitamin H 17,89-90, presence in
Sexual feelings, assessment of 165-6 gerovital 87; see also procaine
Sexual inadequacy frequency of Vitamins 221; megavitamins as
(both sexes) 149; forms of 144-5; aphrodisiacs 171
in the male 148; treatment. of Voronoff, Dr, testicular transplants
male 150; see also aspermia, and 153-4
frigidity, hypogonadism,
impotence, premature ejaculation Wiley, Howard, Food and Drug Act
276 Index

and 16 absinthe 64-5

Witchcraft and the church 57-9
Witch cult of Europe 50 Yohimbine 179, 215; importation
Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), into Morocco 40; pharmacology
as vermifuge 63-4; mythical of 217-18; preparations with
properties of 64; presence in testosterone 218-22