Position Paper

The Republic of India | United Nations Security Council

“Global Regulations for Securing Strategic Infrastructure from Cyber
Attacks: Regulatory and Legal Challenges in Protecting Vital
Infrastructure.”
Delegate: M. Al Raziq Wilson A.S and Kemal Jordan. K
University: Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)

I. BACKGROUND AND KEY AREAS OF DISCUSSION

(Cyber Surakhsa) or Cyber Security holds profound significance for India, reflecting
the urgent needs to protect its strategic infrastructure in an increasingly digital and
interconnected world. India’s vital sectors, such as energy, transportation, finance, health,
and defense are becoming heavily reliant on information and communication technologies
(International trade Administration, 2024), which simultaneously exposes them to complex
and evolving cyber threats. This concern aligns with the United Nations Security Council
recognition that cyberattacks, ranging from ransomware to state-sponsored operations,
pose growing risks to global peace and security, particularly when targeting critical civilian
infrastructure (UNSC, 2021). India faces several challenges in this area, including
fragmented regulations, outdated legal frameworks like parts of the Information
Technology Act 2000, limited cybersecurity compliance, and inadequate cyber workforce
capacity (Government of India, 2025). Additionally, while India has made efforts to
establish cyber resilience mechanisms, such as CERT-In, the National Cyber Coordination
Centre (NCCC), and NCIIPC guidelines, the absence of a cohesive international
framework and limited cross-border cooperation continue to hinder comprehensive cyber
defense efforts. Furthermore, India must enhance its legal framework and actively
contribute to global regulations that foster shared intelligence, legal alignment, and
accountability through coordinated efforts with all stakeholders.

II. PAST ACTION AND COUNTRY’S STANCE

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has supported India through
technical assistance and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen the country’s response
to cybercrime and the protection of critical infrastructure. The UNODC has conducted
specialized training for Indian law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and policy advisors,
focusing on international cooperation mechanism, digital evidence management, and legal
frameworks to tackle cyber threats (UNODC, 2022). These efforts aim to align India’s
cybercrime response with global standards and enhance cross-border collaboration in
prosecuting cyber offenders. Equally noteworthy, India has implemented significant legal
and institutional measures to address cybercrime, primarily through the Information
Technology (Amendment) Act of 2008, which criminalizes hacking, cyber terrorism, and
unauthorized data access (MEITY, 2018). The country established the Indian Computer
Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) to issue cyber threat alerts, coordinate incident
responses, and assist stakeholders with cybersecurity best practices (MEITY, 2025).
Furthermore, India created the National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection
Centre (NCIIPC) under the National Technical Research Organization to identify and
protect vital sectors including energy, banking, transportation, and defense from cyber-
attacks. India's cybersecurity approach encompasses robust public-private partnerships and
civil society engagement. The Data Security Council of India, a NASSCOM initiative,
 leads policy advocacy, awareness campaigns, and industry coordination (DSCI, 2024).
Organizations like the Cyber Peace Foundation collaborate with international partners such
as UNESCO, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and Google to conduct cyber
hygiene campaigns, security drills, and educational programs that strengthen public
resilience against cyber threats. India is committed to a secure and inclusive cyberspace
through various measures aligned with international norms. This commitment is strongly
reflected in its support for the development of global cyber norms under the UN
framework, while emphasizing respect for national sovereignty, technological equity, and
the protection of strategic infrastructure as foundational elements in advancing global
cybersecurity cooperation.

III. POTENTIAL GOALS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTION

In accordance with this issue, The Republic of India proposes a series of strategies
aimed to strengthening cybersecurity and safeguarding essential infrastructure assets called
S.P.A.R.K:

1. Strategic and Collaborative Approach, such as, recruiting and certifying

national cyber talents through ethical hacking channels to strengthen cyber defend. This
also includes promoting an international forum on cyber best practices to enhance
cooperation, standard harmonization, and legal frameworks against transnational threats.
2. Policy and Legislation, for example, supporting the Global AI Ethics
Certification, which mandates adherence to digital rights, algorithmic transparency, and
data accountability to ensure responsible AI used and prevent digital exploitation
3. Advanced Technology and Innovation, including the development of
Parivartan, an AI-powered national portal that integrates real-time data and predictive
algorithms for early cyber threat detection and innovation across sectors. International
collaboration is encouraged to make it model for developing countries
4. Responsible Ethics and Awareness, Namely, the introduction of the Cyber
Karma Engine, a system that assigns dynamic trust scores to digital entities based on ethical
behavior, allowing for a culturally adaptive and equitable cybersecurity framework
5. Keystone and Global Participation, such as, proposing a UN-mandated Cyber
International Tribunal to Address major transnational cybercrimes, ensure accountability,
and promote global digital justice through transparency and the rule of law.

Our country urges member states to unite in building a fair and inclusive global
cybersecurity system Through joint action, we can enhance digital resilience and uphold
ethical technology. Now is the time to act together for a secure and trustworthy cyber
future.
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