CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO-2024

FORM FOUR
HISTORY MARKING SCHEME PAPER 2
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
1. Identify one form of monarchical government (1mk)
 Absolute monarchy
 Constitutional monarchy
2. Name two types of dwellings used by early man during the early Stone Age period (2mks)
 On trees
 Caves
 In the forests
3. Mention one disadvantage of the land enclosure system in Britain (1mk)
 Poor peasant farmers lost their lands
 It created rural-urban migration
 Poor farmers were exploited, as they had to sell their labour to the rich farmers
 It led to emigration to the U.S.A ,Canada etc
4. Identify one area where salt was mined during the Trans-saharan trade (1mk)
 Bilma
 Taghaza
 Taodeni
 Ghadames
5. Identify one challenge of space exploration (1mk)
 Natural environment in space is hostile
 There are deadly hazards in space e.g. Solar cosmic radiation
 Extreme temperatures and light ranging from extreme darkness to bright sunlight
6. State two ways in which iron culture spread in Africa (2mks)
 Trade
 Migration of Bantu
 War of the conquest /warfare
 Intermarriages
 Travelers & messengers
7. Identify two uses of gold as an early metal (2mks)
 To make ornaments  To make coins
 To make utensils  As a trade item
 To make weapons  As a measure of wealth
8. Give two functions of the Odwira Festival among the Asante during 19th century (2mks)
 It was held to honour/appease the dead
 It was held in order to pay allegiance to the king /Asantehene
 It was held in order to settle disputes.
 Simple of unity
9. Mention one treaty signed between Lobengula and the British during the process of colonization
(1mk)
 Moffat treaty
 Rudd concession
10. Identify one type of democracy (1mk)
 Direct /pure democracy
 Indirect /representative democracy
11. Give two countries which were colonized by the British in West Africa (2mks)
 Gold Coast
 Nigeria
 Gambia
 Sierra Leone
12. Apart from Convention Peoples’ Party (C.P.P) identify any other political party that fought for
independence in Ghana (1mk)

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  United Gold Coast Convection(U.G.C.C)
 National Liberation Movement (NLM)
13. Give two categories of membership to the United Nations Security Council (2mks)
 Permanent members
 Non- permanent members
14. Name two Africans participants who attended the fifth Pan- African Congress Manchester in 1945
(2mks)
 Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya)  Obafemi Awalowo (Nigeria)
 Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)  Hastings Kamuzu Banda( Malawi)
 Peter Abrahams (South Africa)
15. Name the organization that took over from organization of African unity (1mk)
 African Union
16. Identify two members of East African community (2001) who were not founder states(2mks)
 Rwanda
 Burundi
 South Sudan
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Federal Republic of Somalia
17. Identify one main political party in India (1mk)
 The communist party of India (CPI)
 Congress party /Indian National Congress Party
 The Bharatiya Janata party (BJP)
 Regional parties /Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam(DMK) India Ann the Tele Desam/Akal Dal/The
National Conference.
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
18.a) State three characteristics of micro lithic tools used during the late stone age period (3mks)
 They were small in size
 They were more efficient
 They were crafted /fitted with handles
 They were used to perform multiple tasks
 They were sharp (Any3×1=3marks)
b) Describe the way of the life of the early man during the Early Stone Age period (12mks)
 They made simple tool for domestic use/Oldowan tools
 They lived in small groups in order to assist each other
 They obtained their food through hunting and gathering
 They ate raw foods because fire had not been discovered
 They sheltered from predator by climbing trees hiding in caves
 They wore no clothes but their hairy bodies kept them warm
 They used simple hunting methods such as chasing wild animals and laying traps
 Used simple methods of communication like gestures ,whistling and growling
19. a) Outline five factors that influenced the growth of Athens (5mks)
 Trade activities /commerce
 Security /strategic position/surrounded by water
 Education
 Religion-Parthenon temple
 Port of Athens
 Culture
 democracy
b) Explain five functions of the city of Cairo (10mks)
 It was the administrative capital of Egypt/National capital and a political centre of the Arab World.
 It was a center of trade and commerce
 It served an education center for the Egyptian and Arabs scholars-Al-Azhar University is located
there
 It was a cultural Centre where Egyptian civilization developed/historical centre
 Recreational center – has many recreational facilities which include Stadiums and entertainment
halls
 An industrial Centre – has textiles, vehicles and communication equipment assembly
 It serves as transport and commercial centre for North Africa and the Middle East
20. a) State three functions of the Lukiiko in the Buganda Kingdom before colonization (3mks)
 Helped Kabaka in administration
 Acted as final court in appeal/settled disputes
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  Advised Kabaka
 Represented the people’s interests
 Directed collection of taxes
 Made laws
b) Describe the political organization of the Shona in the 19th century (12mks)
 They were ruled by the emperor /King who had absolute authority over the subjects
 The emperor’s position was hereditary so as to reduce succession disputes
 The emperor was assisted in the administration by the queen mother, queen sister, army
commander, head drummer, head door keeper and head cook
 There was an advisory council whose work was to advise the emperor
 The empire was divided into provinces led by provincial /lesser Kings
 The provinces were divided into chiefdoms rules by chiefs
 Under the chief were headmen who were in charge of villages
 The emperor had a standing army for defense
 The King /emperor was a symbol of unity as he was semi-divine
 There was existed priests who acted as spies for the Emperor /King
21.a) State five conditions that one had to fulfill in order to be fully assimilated in Senegal (5mks)
 Literate /able to read and write in French
 Able to speak in French
 Be a Christian
 Practice monogamy
 Must have worked in French civil service /be loyal to French government
b) Explain five effects of direct rule in Zimbabwe (10mks)
 Africans lost large track of lands to the white settlers thereby straining relations between the
two groups
 Introduction of forced labour as the white settlers required cheap labour in their farms
 Loss of power by traditional rulers as the British appointed their own administrators who
ruled their people directly
 Introduction of taxes in order to force them provide labour to the whites
 Africans were exposed to deplorable working conditions which exposed them to risks
 Introduction of pass laws which restricted the movement of Africans
 Loss for independence for Africans
 It undermined Africans cultures-by introduction of Christianity and Western education
 Africans were subjected to racial segregation
 Africans were subjected to poverty and suffering
 It led to development of transport systems and infrastructure in settler occupied areas.
 It led to introduction of new crops in settler dominated areas
 It led to rise of Africans Nationalism
 African traditional economy was undermined as the Africans were required to work on the
white mans farms and mines
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
22.a) State five causes of world war II (5mks)
 Growth of Nationalism
 The great depression
 Violation of the Versailles Treaty
 The policy of appeasement
 A weak League of Nations
 Emergence of dictators in Europe
 Formation of alliances
 Rise of Adolf Hitler and his ambitions (5×1=5marks)
b) Explain five achievements of Non- Aligned movement (10mks)
 Advocated for political freedom which led them to attainment of independence in states that
were still under colonial bondage
 Kept off the military activities of the two super powers which helped to reduce international
tensions
 Provided a forum where members voiced their concerns on internationals issues
 It encouraged members to the priorities their national interests before those super powers
 Condemned arms race among countries leading to reduction in the production of arms
 It enabled members to vote as a bloc thereby influencing world politics
 It helps members to safeguard their national integrity
 A new economic order emerged due to increase trade among member of states
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  The Harare Summit of 1986 set up a special solidarity that gave financial assistance to front
line states.
 Non-aligned states have helped in international crisis management e.g. during the Berlin crisis
of 1961
 Non-Aligned movement has play a leading role in disarmament e.g. by condemning arms race
 NAM has also worked to create the new scientific and technological order (6×2=12marks)
23. a) Outline three principles of the Arusha declaration of 1967 (3mks)
 Self-reliance
 Nationalization of the main means of production
 Ujamaa/socialism policy
 Human equality/Non discrimination
b) Explain six political challenges that faced the democratic republic of Congo since independence
(12mks)
 Political upheavals due to ideological differences
 Influence by former colonizers (Belgians)/ Neo-colonialism
 Tribal political, groupings/ ethnicity, made it difficult for the government to unite people DRC/
Tribalism; different communities wanted to gain power.
 The Africans were opposed to the continuation of white men (Belgians) as army commanders.
This created tension between the armies throwing the country to lawlessness and disorder ./army
mutiny
 Secession treats from some provinces such as Katanga and Kasai weakened the country. Fight
from the rebel groups who wanted their own governments
 Political assassinations e.g. of Kabila and Lumumba plunged the country into lawlessness and
disorder
 Military coups e.g. of 1965 led by Mobutu and 1977 led by Kabila shifted leadership from
democracy to dictatorship
 Military dictatorship by Mobutu Seseseko
 Kabila fell out with his allies from Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi who backed him to overthrow
Mobutu in 1977. They began backing other rebel movements in DRC (6×2=12marks)
24. a) List five parliamentary duties of the monarch in Britain (5mks)
 Summons parliament after a general election
 Prorogues parliament
 Dissolves parliament
 Assents bills/ signing
 Nominates members to the House of Lords (5×1=5marks)
b) Explain five merits of the federal government in U.S.A (10mks)
 Helps different states to live together
 Makes federal states economically viable in terms of accessibility to wider market
 Enables states to tackle their problems with a united front e.g. terrorism
 Joint defense forces ensure security for small states
 Enables states to work as one political unit
 Protects the interests of small states and minority groups
 Enables states to benefit from the pool of resources
 Eases trade by way of eliminating custom duties and by use of common currency
(5×2=10marks)

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