HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT

END OF TERM 2 2024 EXAMINATIONS

FORM THREE MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: 25 MARKS

1. Give the meaning of the term Government (1mk)

 The way of ruling, administering and controlling people

2. State the main reason why the early human beings lived in groups (2mks)
 Security
3. Name two Bantu groups that form Western Bantus (2mks)

 Abaluhyia
 Abagusi
 Abakuria
 Abasuba
4. State two shortcomings of using animal transport (2mks)
 Slow, tedious and Time consuming.
 Some like the donkeys are stubborn in case of fatigue or if
over-loaded.
 Their movement is limited to daytime.
 Some are restricted to certain areas eg the horse cannot
survive tsetse fly prone areas
 Carry a limited load
 Require continuous supply of food and water
 Are vulnerable to attacks by wild animals/predaters
 Their use is limited to short distances.
5. Mention one political responsibility of a Kenyan Citizen. (1mk)
 Respecting and promoting National Integration, unity and
peaceful co-existence.
 Participating in democratic processes and activities like voting
in elections, referendums etc
 Participating in good governance by offering ideas to leaders.
6. Identify the oldest form of trade practiced by man. (1mk)
 Barter trade
7. What was the main trade item in the triangular Trade (1mk)
 Slaves

8. Mention two reasons why the British used the Company (IBEA Co) to administer it’s
Colonial possessions. (2mks)

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  Shortage of manpower
 Insufficient funds
 The Company officials were familiar with the area more than the colonial officials.

9. Give two ways in which the ex-soldiers of World War II contributed to the struggle for
independence in Kenya (2mks)
 They joined the political parties and movements and struggled
for independence.
 They brought in their fighting skills they learnt in the war into
the political movements.
 They brought in new ideas on how to struggle for
independence from the other Africans and other races they
met in the war.
 The learnt leadership skills, and become leaders of the political
organizations.
 They helped Unite Africans for they realized they had common
interests and problems.
10. Identify the colonial power that colonized Senegal. (1mk)
 France
11. Identify the law making organ in Kenya during colonial period. (1mk)
 Legislature Council (legco)
12. Give two communes in Senegal where Assimilation policy was successful.(2mks)

 Goree
 St Lious
 Rufisque
 Dakar
13. State one reason why the colonial government encouraged European settlers to come to
Kenya during colonial time. (1mk)
 Wanted to make Kenya a Whiteman’s country
 To help finance administration costs without involving British
tax payers.
 To pay for the construction, repair and maintenance of railway.
 To produce raw materials for British Industries.
 Kenya lacked any other resource to be exploited (Land-
farming)
 Africans lacked funds and knowledge of large scale farming
 To check India/Asian migration and influence by settling more
whites.
14. Mention two leaders of the maji maji rebellion (2mks)
 Kinjekitile Ngwale
 Abdalla mpanda
 Omari Kinjalla
 Chabruma

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  Mputa Gamma
 Ngamea
15. Identify two members of the African elected members’ organization (AEMO) (2mks)
 Ronald Ngala
 James Muimi
 Bernard mate
 Tom Mboya
 Daniel Arap Moi
 Masinde Muliro
 Oginga Ondiga
 Lawrence Ogunda
16. Give two responsibilities of the Emirs in Northern Nigeria (2mks)
 Headed local government in their areas
 Collected taxes.
 Supervised improvement of roads, markets and agriculture
 Recruited labour for Public works
 Presided over local law courts.
 Maintained law and order in their areas.
 Appointed lesser officials (village heads)
17. Name one Kenyan who attended the first Lancaster house Conference. (1mk)
 Ronald Ngala
 Tom Mboya

SECTION B
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
18. (a) Identify three early sources of energy (3mks)
 Wind
 Water
 Wood

(b) Explain six factors that have made third world countries to lag behind in
Industrialization.

 Competition from developed countries who produce cheaper

high quality goods.
 Poor means of transport and communication system is a
hindrance to transportation of raw materials to the industries
and finished goods to the market.
 Shortage of capital to finance Industrialization as they rely on
agricultural products which cannot produce enough capital
required for industrial growth.
 Poor education system which do not produce Industrial
experts, they rely on foreign expatriates, who are very
expensive.

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  Civil wars and border conflicts which are not conducive for
industrial growth.
 Poverty which leads to low purchasing power and therefore
limits local market for manufactured goods.
 Poor economic policies eg government impose high import
duties and Nationalisation policies which discourage foreign
investors.
 Lack of economic independence (Neo-Colonialism) i.e economic
resources are still controlled and exploited by the developed
countries through multi-national corporations and
international trade.
6 x 2=12mks
19. (a) Give three reasons why Africans were pushed into the reserves in Kenya during
colonial period. (3mks)
 To create room for European settler farming and residence
 To closely monitor them as a way of reducing resistance to the
Europeans.
 To have full control in order to recruit them for labour in the
European farms and in public works.
 To move them away from the railway line to facilitate its
construction.
 1 x 3 = 3mks

(b) Explain six reasons for the construction of the Uganda Railway line (12mks)

 To establish effective control over British East Africa

 To facilitate maximum economic exploitation of the region
 To link Uganda with the Coast and the outside world.
 To stop slave trade and promote legitimate trade.
 For easy movement of Christian missionaries
 For Britain to protect her strategic interests in the region. i.e control the source of
R Nile.
 To facilitate movement of troops and government administrators into the interior.
 To obtain revenue from the interior for administration cost.
 6 x 2 = 12mks
20. (a) State three reasons why lobengula was defeated by the British in 1893 (3mks)
 The British had superior weapons compared to the Ndebele
 The British army was better organized than the Ndebele
 Lobengula and his soldiers were weakened by smallpox
 The British had better trained army

(b) Explain five reasons why assimilation policy failed in Senegal (10mks)

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  It was an expensive policy to implement and sustain
 Cultural differences between the French and the Africans
 Fear of economic rivalry with Africans especially by French
traders.
 Racial discrimination whereby the French resented the idea of
equalty with Africans.
 Fear of the French that assimilation would make it impossible
to exploit raw materials from Africans.
 The African chiefs were hostile to the policy because their
powers and authority were undermined.
 Increased dissatisfaction from the African elite who were
elected to the French parliament in Paris, they were
discriminated by their French counterparts.
 Africans were mainly Muslims and resisted attempts by the
French to convert them to Christianity.
 Differences between the French legal system and African
customary laws eg. Inheritance, land cases divorce, marriage
etc.
 The French wanted to control the number of Africans being
elected to the French chamber of deputies for fear of being
outnumbered.
 The conditions for qualification to be assimilated were very
high and difficult for Africans and hence only a few Africans
could qualify.
21. (a) Mention five early political association formed in Kenya before 1939. (5mks)
 Kikuyu Association
 East African Association
 Kikuyu Central Association
 Young Kavirindo Association.
 Kavirindo Taxpayers and Welfare Association
 Ukamba members Association
 Taita Hills Association
 Coastal African Association.

(b) Explain five achievements of early political organization. (10mks)

 Publicized African grievances to the outside world eg Kenyatta

presented Kikuyu central association grievances in Lodon.
 They championed the welfare of African workers in the absence
of formal trade unions.
 Raising African political awareness among the masses
 Conveying African feelings to the colonial government through
memoranda and publications
 Defending African culture.

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  Educating the masses on the unjust, exploitative and
oppressive colonial government.
 Promoting wider nationalism by encouraging inter-community
cohesiveness in the struggle for independence.
22. (a) Mention three challenges that faced Mzee Jomo Kenyatta at Independence. (3mks)
 Rivalry within Kenya African union i.e some KANU members
like Oginga broke away to form the Kenya peoples union.
 Opposition from Kenya African democratic union, which
advocated for a majimbo government.
 Banditry (Shifta) in north-eastern Kenya (Northern Frontier
district)
 Landlessness among majority of the African.
 Under development of the newly independent country
 Poverty, Ignorance and diseases.
 Shortage of capital to develop the economy and social
structures.
 Shortage of skilled labour due to low level of education for
Africans.
 Poor transport and communication network eg roads, railway,
telephone etc.

(b) Explain six factors responsible for the growth of African Nationalism in Africa.
(12mks)

 Land alienation
 Forced labour
 Over taxation
 Racial segregation
 Western education made Africans aware of their rights.
 Urbanization made different communities to interact.
 Oppressive colonial labour laws i.e being forced to pay in form
of cash to force them to seek labour in European farms.
 Trade Union movements which enlightened Africans of the
oppressive working conditions.
 Role of independent church movements and schools which
created awareness of African rights.
 Disregard of traditional rulers by colonialists
 Africans who participated in the world wars met other people
from other countries and exchanged ideas.
 The Pan-African Movement which restored Africa dignity
among Africans.
 The United nations organisation, after 1945 declared
colonization inhuman and illegal and called for colonial powers
to decolonize.

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 The independence of India and Pakistan in 1947 inspired
African nationalists to demand for independence.
 Emergence of labour party in Britain which did not favour
colonization and began the process of decolonization after
coming to power.
 Communists attacked colonialism and argued that it was aimed
at economic exploitation of the weaker people of the World.

2 x 10 = 12mks