Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

History of Design
Global Design

2nd Semester 2022-2023

Professora Auxiliar Ana Luísa Marques
[ana.marques@universidadeeuropeia.pt]

Professor Convidado Pedro Rodrigo Costa

[pedro.r.costa@universidadeeuropeia.pt]

IADE | W1 | 2023

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

 Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

William Morris (1834-1896) | Arts and Crafts Movement

Leading founder of the Arts and Crafts

Movement. More than an artist or art critic, he
was a pioneer of the so-called "utopian socialism"
because of his temperament of social reformer.

Morris made a violent critic on industry, which

was then born of the ruins of the traditions,
leading him to a true spirit of mission that
materialized itself in the foundation of a “place”
for arts and crafts.

He wanted to rescue those traditions of strong

artisanal roots:

_The beauty that is transmitted from generation

to generation through manual techniques;

_And art as a popular ethos (as a social identity)

or an expression of religious spirituality.

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

According to Umberto Eco:

“as well as to Ruskin and Pugin, also for William Morris the return
to the system of the artisan communities of the Middle Ages, the
so-called guilds, and the return to life in contact with nature, were
the only escapes from the alienation of the metropolis, and the
artificial beauty of iron, the industrial production and the misery
caused by the exploitation and mechanized work of the factories.”

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris (Neo-gothic style = revivalism)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris (Neo-gothic style = revivalism)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris (Neo-gothic style = revivalism)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris (Neo-gothic style = revivalism)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris (Neo-gothic style = revivalism)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris (Neo-gothic style = revivalism)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris (Neo-gothic style = revivalism)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Red House, Bexleyheath, London, 1859/60

Philip Webb and William Morris

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Arts and Crafts Movement

Total Work of Art / Total Artwork = Gesamtkunstwerk = German word

used from the first time in 1827 by a philosopher and then in 1849 by
the composer Richard Wagner, in two essays:

_Art and Revolution

_The Artwork of the future

This German word (this concept) become associated with the

aesthetics ideals of Wagner that he experimented on his Operas,
especially the opera cycle called Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of
the Nibelungs, written between 1848-74).

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

The aesthetics of the Arts and Crafts movement was characterized by:

_simplicity vs. complexity in ornament

_communities of craftsmen / called guilds vs. industrial production

_craft techniques vs. industrial techniques

The social mission of the movement was to find solutions to the

constraints of the Industrial Revolution:

_improve workers quality of life

_provide culture for all

_to establish the union of arts and crafts, lost since the Renaissance.

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

All the objects were produced according to the principles

established by Morris:

_ the material (its quality and nobility)

_ the utility (its function)

_ the construction (design)

_ the tool (technique)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Morris wrote an utopian novel:

News from Nowhere
(or An Epoch of Rest -1890).

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Art Nouveau

The ideas of the Arts and Crafts

movement, the romantic winds and the
fast modernization of Europe, in the
late nineteenth century, inspired in
France an even bigger and broader
movement:
the Art Nouveau...

Aubrey Beardsley
The Peacock Skirt_1893

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

 Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Art Nouveau

It’s in the cover of the book

Wrens City Churches (1883),
designed by the British Arthur
Mackmurdo
(a follower of Ruskin and Morris), that the

historian Nikolaus Pevsner finds the first

expression of this new movement
(art nouveau).

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (1846)

The early doctrines of the Brotherhood were defined by William

Michael Rossetti in four declarations:

_to have genuine ideas to express;

_to study Nature attentively, so as to know how to express it;

_to sympathize with what is direct and serious and heartfelt in

previous art, to the exclusion of what is conventional and self-parading
and learned by rote;

and most indispensable of all:

_to produce thoroughly good pictures and statues.

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

 Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

William Blake (1757-1827)

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Thonet Chairs

It all began with the bentwood chair. Today, however, a variety of chairs and
stools are part of the product range. Whether a historically significant
cantilever chair, a bentwood classic or a contemporary design, there’s a
favourite chair for everyone.

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE

The history of Thonet began with the work of the cabinetmaker and joiner
Michael Thonet, who opened his first workshop in 1819 in Boppard/River
Rhine. With filigree and elegant chairs and the testing and application of
innovative wood processing technologies, Michael Thonet achieved fame
beyond his home region.

Material used as support for History of Design Classes in IADE