HOPE Reviewer

I. Brief History of Basketball

Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education
instructor at the MCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. He created the game
to keep his students active indoors during the winter.

Dr. Naismith developed 13 original rules and used a soccer ball and two peach baskets as goals.
Over time, the sport evolved, with the introduction of the backboard, metal rims, dribbling, and
professional leagues.

Development of the Game:

• 1891 - Basketball was invented
• 1893 - Iron hoops and nets replaced peach baskets.
• 1936 - Basketball became an Olympic sport in Berlin.
• 1946 - The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was founded (later became the
NBA in 1949).
• 1992 - NBA players competed in the Olympics for the first time (USA Dream Team).

Il. Facility and Equipment Used in Basketball

Basketball Court
- The standard court size is 28 meters (94 feet) long and 15 meters (50 feet) wide
NBA/FIBA standard).
The court includes:
• The sidelines and baselines - boundary lines.
• The three-point line - marks long-range shots.
• The free-throw line - where players shoot after fouls.
• The key (paint area) - includes the free-throw lane and restricted area.
• The center circle - used for jump balls.

Basketball Hoop & Backboard

• The hoop is 10 feet (3.05 meters) high.
• The rim diameter is 18 inches (45.7 cm).
• The backboard is made of transparent glass or acrylic and is 6 feet (183 cm) wide and
3.5 feet (107 cm) tall.

Basketball
The ball size varies by league:
• Men's standard (Size 7) - 29.5 inches (75 cm) in circumference.
 • Women's standard (Size 6) - 28.5 inches (72 cm) in circumference.
• Junior size (Size 5) - 27.5 inches (70 cm).
Other Equipment
• Scoreboard - Displays game time, scores, fouls, and shot clock.
• Shot Clock - A 24-second timer (NBA/FIBA) that limits possession time.
• Basketball Uniform - Includes jerseys, shorts, and basketball shoes for traction and
support.

III. Basic Basketball Skills

1. Dribbling
Definition: Bouncing the ball continuously while moving.
Techniques:
• Use fingertips, not palms, for better control.
Keep the ball low and close to your body.
• Maintain vision up to see teammates and opponents.
2. Passing
Definition: Moving the ball to a teammate.
Types of Passes:
• Chest Pass - Thrown from chest level, straight to a teammate.
Bounce Pass - Thrown to the floor before reaching a teammate.
• Overhead Pass - Used for long-distance passes.
• Behind-the-Back Pass - A flashy, advanced technique.
3. Shooting
Definition: Attempting to score by throwing the ball into the hoop.
Basic Shooting Form (B.E.E.F.):
• Balance - Feet shoulder-width apart.
• Elbow - Keep elbow aligned with the basket.
• Eyes - Focus on the rim.
• Follow-through - Snap your wrist after release.
Types of Shots:
• Lay-up - Close-range shot off the backboard.
• Jump Shot - Mid-range or long-range shot.
• Three-Point Shot - Shot from beyond the arc.
4. Rebounding
Definition: Gaining possession after a missed shot.
Types:
• Offensive Rebound - Gained by the attacking team.
• Defensive Rebound - Secured by the defending team.
5. Defense
• Man-to-Man Defense - Each player guards a specific opponent.
• Zone Defense - Players cover specific areas of the court.

IV. Player Positions in Basketball

1. Point Guard (PG) - "Floor General"
• Handles the ball, directs plays, and sets up teammates.
• Usually the quickest and best passer on the team.
2. Shooting Guard (SG) - "Scorer"
• Specializes in outside shooting and driving to the basket.
• Often a strong three-point shooter.
3. Small Forward (SF) - "Versatile Player"
• A mix of speed and strength; can shoot, dribble, and defend.
Often plays inside and outside.
4. Power Forward (PF) - "Rebounder and Defender"
• Plays near the basket, focusing on rebounding and inside scoring.
Strong and physical.
5. Center (C) - "The Big Man"
• Tallest player, controls rebounds, and protects the rim.
• Dominates in the paint area.

V. Basketball Violations

1. Dribbling Violations
• Double Dribble - Using both hands to dribble or stopping and restarting the dribble.
• Carrying (Palming) - Illegally turning the ball while dribbling.
• Traveling - Moving without dribbling the ball (more than two steps without dribbling)
2. Time Violations
• 3-Second Violation - An offensive player stays in the key (paint) for more than 3
seconds.
• 5-Second Violation - A player fails to pass, dribble, or shoot within 5 seconds when
closely guarded.
• 8-Second Violation - The offensive team fails to cross the half-court line within 8
seconds.
• 24-Second Shot Clock Violation - The team does not attempt a shot within 24 seconds.
3. Out-of-Bounds Violations
• Stepping on or outside the boundary lines while holding or dribbling the ball.
4. Backcourt Violation
• Once the ball crosses half-court, it cannot be passed back to the backcourt.
5. Goal Tending
 • a shot while it is on a downward trajectory towards the basket.
6. Offensive & Defensive Violations
• Offensive Foul - Charging into a defender.
• Defensive Foul - Holding, pushing, or blocking an opponent illegally.
• Technical Foul - Unsportsmanlike conduct, arguing with referees, or breaking
sportsmanship rules.

Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education
instructor at the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. He created the
game to keep his students active indoors during the winter.