FOREWORD

First of all, the writer wants to express his thanks to Allah SWT, because of His bless and
grace, the entitled ” The Intrinsic Element of The Happy Prince Short Story” can be finished
on time.

This paper is a requirement to fulfill the assignment from Mr. Sudirman, S.pd., the English
teacher of SMA Negara. The writer also thanks to him for all the guidance to complete it.

In completing this paper, the writer faced many problems, but with the help of many people,
all the problems could be passed. May Allah SWT give the blessing for them. It provides the
intrinsic elements in the Happy Prince short story with detail explanation. Although this
paper has many deficiencies in the arrangement and explanation, the writer hope that it can be
used as a reference for the reader to understand the intrinsic elements of a short story.

Serang, May 27st 2018

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER

FOREWORD...................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I DISCUSSION........................................................................................... 3

A. MODALS............................................................................................................. 3

B. PASSIVE VOICE................................................................................................ 5

C. PREPOSITION................................................................................................... 7

D. GERUND.............................................................................................................. 14

E. DIGREE COPORATION................................................................................... 15

CHAPTER II CLOSING................................................................................................18

2
 CHAPTER I

DISCUSSION

A. MODALS

In English phrases or sentences, there are also known Modals. Modals here is not the capital
of the company, but the capital in the predicate of an English sentence. There are 9 types of
English modals.

1. Kalimat Positif (Affirmative Sentences)

Pola : SUBJECT + MODAL + VERB 1 + OBJECT + ADVERB

MODAL
SUBJECT VERB 1
PRESENT PAST

CAN
I
MAY
YOU COULD
MAY
HE MIGHT
WILL
SHE MIGHT
MUST
IT WOULD
SHALL STUDY
WE HAD TO
(I/WE)
YOU SHOULD
OUGHT TO
THEY
HAD BETTER

Contoh : I can speak English

He could stay here as he like

It ought to be here right now

Yuna had better go now

2. Can (dapat, bisa, mungkin, boleh)

3
3. Could (dapat, bisa) dalam bentuk past (lampau), dan (mungkin, mau) dalam bentuk future
(akan datang)
Contoh:
I could fly an aeroplane when I was in the A.P.I. (Saya bisa menerbangkan pesawat ketika
masih di API)
She could be in London or Paris, nobody knows (Dia mungkin ada di London atau paris,
tidak ada yang yahu)
4. May (mungkin, boleh)
Contoh:
I may come tomorrow if I have time (Saya mungkin datang besok jika ada waktu)
We may be buying a new house (Kami mungkin akan membeli rumah baru)
5. Might (mungkin [dg kemungkinan yang relatif kecil])
Contoh:
It isn't cloudy at present, but I think it might rain this afternoon (Sekarang tidak mendung,
tapi saya kira nanti sore kemungkinan turun hujan)
I might see you again - who knows. (barangkali saya bertemu kau lagi- siapa tahu)
6. Must (harus, mesti, pasti)
Contoh:
You must do it at once (kamu harus melakukannya sekali gus)
He musn't tell me (Ia tidak mesti memberi tahu saya)
She must be sick (Ia pasti [sedang] sakit)
He must be here by nine o'clock (Ia pasti ada di sini sebelum jam 9)
7. Will (akan, mau)
Contoh:
I will go now ( saya mau pergi sekarang)
Things will be all right (segalanya akan baik-baik saja)
It will not rain this evening, it won't rain this evening (nanti malam tidak akan hujan)
8. Would (akan, mau, mungkin)
Contoh:
Before you came, I would invite Udin to Alfamart (Sebelum kau datang, saya akan
mengajak Udin ke Alfamart)
Would you help me? (maukah kau membantu saya?)
We could be millionaires one day (kami mungkin menjadi jutawan suatu hari)
9. Shall (akan, boleh, harus)
Contoh:
I shall see you tomorrow (saya akan bertemu kau besok)
I shan't be late, I shall not be late (saya tidak akan terlambat)
Shall we go? (bolehkan kami pergi?)
10. Should (seharusnya, sebaiknya)
Contoh:
If you have a toothache, you should see the dentist (Jika kau sakit gigi, sebaiknya ke
dokter gigi)
You shouldn't so pessimistic (Kau mestinya/ seharusnya tidak begitu pesimis)

4
B. Passive voice

Passive voice (Passive sentence) is one of the most frequently used phrases in English.
Passive voice is also available in Indonesian, for example eating to be eaten, drink to be
drunk. how to form passive sentence is as follows: Change the object in the active into the
subject in passive form, Put by after the main verb in passive form before the subject, Verbs
used are verb 3 which preceded to be, and compose the sentence adjusting tenses. In English
there are forms: Present Passive Voice, Past Passive Voice, Future Passive Voice, and
Auxiliary Passive Voice Capital

kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice(ragam gramatikal), yaitu active voice (aktif) dan
passive voice (pasif).

1. Active voice (bentuk aktif), subjek melakukan pekerjaan. Contoh: Jane killed a tiger =
Jane membunuh seekor harimau (disini orang yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek yaitu Jane,
melakukan sebuah pekerjaan pada seekor harimau).

2. Passive voice (bentuk pasif), subjek dikenai pekeerjaan.

Contoh: A tiger was killed by Jane. (disini binatang yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek yaitu
seekor harimau, dikenai pekerjaan dari Jane).

Passive voice (kalimat pasif)

Passive voice (kalimat pasif) yaitu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan. Dalam
bahasa Indonesia kalimat ini menggunakan kata kerja yang diawali dengan di (dijual,
dipanggil, ditulis, dll).

Contoh:

Bob eats rice every day (Bob makan nasi setiap hari)

S O

Rice is eaten by Bob every day (nasi dimakan oleh Bob setiap hari)

S O

Rice is eaten by Bob every day (nasi dimakan oleh Bob setiap hari)

S O

*subjek menempati posisi objek dan sebaliknya

No Tenses Active Passive

1. S. present V1+O Is/am/are+v3+by……

5
No Tenses Active Passive

2. Was/were+v3+by….
S. Past V2+O Was/were+being
Past Cont Was/were+v.ing+o v3+by….
Have/has+been v3+by….
3. Pres. Perfect Have/has+v3+o Had+been v3+by….
Will/shall+be v3+by….
4.
Past Perfect Had+v3+o Would/should+be
S. Future Will/shall+v1+o v3+by….
Past Future Would/should+v1+o Can/must/may+be
5. v3+by…
Modal 1 Can/must/may+v1+o Could/had
to/might+be+v3 +by…..
Modal 2/ Could/had
6. Modal Lampau to/might+v1+o

7.

8.

9.

10.

Keterangan:

Pastikan bahwa secara umum perubahan dari bentuk aktif ke pasif hanya pada kata
kerja yang diubah menjadi tobe + v3.

Rumus Keterangan Waktu

1. Simple Present :> every day, every week, always, dsb

2. Present Continous :> now, at the moment, at present, still.

3. Simple Past :> yesterday, Last week, in 1945, ago, when/while

4. Past Continous :> at 7 o’clock yesterday, when/while

5. Present Perfect :> since, for, recently, since yestrday

6. Past Perfect :> after, before

7. Simple Future :> tomorrow, next week, next month

6
Contoh:

The game………..because of the heavy rain yesterday

a. Is cancelled d. Be cancelled e. Will be cancelled

b. Was cancelled e. Cancelled

C. PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions have been called the biggest little words in English. They are usually quite short
and signification looking, but they have very important functions. Take a look at these
sentence and notice how completely different the meaning of each sentence is
A letter was sent to peter
A letter was sent for peter
A letter was sent by peter
A letter was sent from peter
Only the prepositions change, but that is enough to change the meaning entirely. Prepositions
are always followed by nouns (or pronouns). They are connective words that show the
relationship between the nouns following them and one of the basic sentence element:
subject, verb, object, or complement. They usually indicate relationship, such as position,
place, direction, time, manner, agent, possession, and condition, between their objects and
other parts of the sentence. Prepositional phrase usually provide information asked for by the
question words who, what, where, when, why, how, and how long
The noun or pronoun following the preposition is its object. A pronoun used in this
preposition is always an object pronoun: me, you, him, her, it, us, and them. The prepositions
plus its object is called the prepositional phrase.
1. Type of Preposition
A preposition can be classified into 6 types :
a. Simple preposition
The most commonly used simple preposition are : after, at, by, for, from, of, over, or in,
through to, until, under, up, with, etc.
Example : I saw him on Friday
b. Double preposition
The most commonly used double preposition are : into, on, to, from, under, from among,
from off, from within, over again, etc
Example : The boys gets into bed
c. Compound preposition
A compound preposition is a preposition witch is formed from noun, adjective or adverb and
it is combined with preposition “be” (by) or “a” (on).
Example : He sits beside me
d. Participial preposition
The most commonly used participial preposition are : during, not withstanding, past, expect,
save, considering, touching, concerning, regarding, and owing to.
Example : It is quarter past one.
e. Phrase preposition
The most commonly used preposition phrase / phrase preposition are : Because of, by means
of, by reasons, in spite of.
Example : Ahmad doesn’t enter the class because of this illness.

7
f. Disquised preposition.
A disguised preposition is shown in such words below :
Behind → “be” : by hind = behind
Across → “on” : “a” on cross = a cross
Example : He has gone for hunting
2. Use of the prepositional phrase in the sentence
Many prepositional phrase seem adverbial in meaning, in that they often indicate time, place,
manner, or degree, as adverbs do. However, the same prepositonal phrase may be used as an
adjective, an adverb, or a noun.
- The delegates went for a swim before breakfast. (Adverb)
- A swim before breakfast is better than one after dinner. (Adjective)
- Before breakfast is a good time to swim. (Noun)
Prepositional phrases used as adverbs usually follow the verb, though like adverbs, they can
be moved to other prepositions in the sentence. Prepositional phrases used as adjectives
usually follow the nouns they modify. Prepositional phrases used as nouns will be subject,
object, or complement in the sentence.
3. Meaning categories
The following list illustrate the use of prepositional phrases to convey specific kinds of
information.
1. Place,position
Example :
- Across her house is across the street
- After the first street after the bridge is state street
- Against his by cycle was leaning against the fence
- Among the letter might be among those papers
- Around the shop is just around the corner
- At he used to be a student at a north American university
- Before I have your letter before me now
- Behind the garage is behind the house
- Below they live in apartment below ours
- Between his shop is between the bank and the post office
- That house by the lake is my dream house
- In she was dozing in an armchair when we got there
- In front of the ball stopped in front of the bus
- Inside come in. It is warmer inside the house
- Near you shouldn't smoke near gasoline
- On he found the book on the table
- On top of I want whipped cream on the top of my strawberries
- Opposite the school is opposite the church
- Outside there's bird's nest outside my window
- Over the window is over the radiator
- To attach the rope to the bumper of the car
- Under the book was under the desk
- Underneath the book is underneath the papers
2. Direction
Example :
- Across I am going across the street to see my cousin
- At the children threw stone at the bear
- By way of can't we drive to new york by way of Philadelphia?
- Down we saw her walking down fifth avenue

8
- Into I saw her going into the theater a few minutes ago
- Out of he took some money out of his pocket
- To she went to the grocery store
- Through the bird flew through the open window
- Toward this road leads toward the sea
- Up the salmon were swimming up the river
- Upon the birds was perched upon his shoulder
3. Time
Example :
- About I think she will be away about a week
- After would you please call after eight
- Around I get to my office around nine every morning
- At I told her to meet us at six o'clock sharp
- Before take the medicine before the mealtime
- By she should be back by seven at the latest
- During during the winter, I think I'll go to Florida
- From...to the office will be open from nine to one every day
- From...until she works from eight until two six days a week
- In I'll meet you in an hour
4. Purpose, reason
Example :
- For take this medicine for your headache
5. Possession
Example :
- Of the leader of the scout has not arrived yet
6. Manner, instrument
Example :
- By I enjoy going there by train
- In you can't go to that restaurant in jeans
- Like that clown walk like a duck
- With she writes with a pen
7. Identification
Example :
- At the shop at the corner sells stamps
- By that book by Hemingway is a masterpiece
- In the man in the dark suit is my neighbor
- On the apartment on the second floor is smaller than ours
- With people with law degrees often go into politics
8. Distance
Example :
- For we walked for miles and miles
9. Agent
Example :
- By this film was directed by a Czech director
10. Material
Example :
- With I must fill my pen with ink
11. Quantity
Example :
- By meat is sold by the pound or by kilo

9
E. Prepositions with multiple meanings
Some prepositions are used to express a variety of meanings. These may be present
difficulties. Some of the common prepositions with their various meaning and their most
common used are summarized as follows for references purposes.
1. Around
"At approximately"
- The police believe the man died around six o'clock
- The temperature has been around 32 celcius degrees all day
"In the vincinity of"
- People have reported seeing a stranger around the store"
2. At
With a street address if the house number given
- She lives at 18 Magnolia Street
- With points in time
- He arrived at 08.00
- Those farmers stop working at sunset
With prices
- They are on sale at two dollars a dozen
- I cannot afford to buy them at that price
3. By
"Alone" (with a reflexive pronoun)
- He lives by himself
- She did the homework by herself
"Past" (with verbs of motion)
- I always walk by that house on my way to work
- Several ways buses go by our house
"At the latest" (with a maximum time limit)
- He will be here by five o'clock
- All classes will be over by June.
4. For
To indicate the duration of time
- She played the piano for two years
- They lived in Washington for two years
"In exchange for"
- He rented the house for very little money
- I bought this book for two dollars
With the beneficiary of an action
- Shall I open the window for you?
- He baked a cake for me
"Instead of," "in place of"
- When he was away, his neighbor did the work for him
- With the subject of an infinitive
- It is important for them to arrive early
- For him to go to a party is unusual
5. In
With cities, states, countries, continents
- He lives in Cairo
- That river is in California
- Rice is grown in Thailand
With periods of time

10
- I saw him in January
- The mail comes in the morning
With lengths of time
- He will come in an hour
- He finished that book in one evening
With languages
- That opera was originally written in Italian
6. On
To indicate contact with a surface
- The book is on the table
- The picture is on the wall
- There is a light on the ceiling
With days of the week and dates
- Summer begins on June 21
- We do not have classes on Sundays
With the name of a street
- I live on McKinley street
- She is visiting a friend on Magnolia Street
7. With
To indicate association
- She is with a consulting firm
- I will stay with the car while you go for help
8. Without
To indicate the absence of something
- Nothing can live without water
- I am without money today and cannot buy the tickets
F. Prepositions that are often confused
In, on, and at discussed previously, are probably the most often confused nglish prepositions.
Following are some others.
1. Above, over
Above refers to a place higher than a certain point. Over refers to a place directly above a
certain point.
- The temperature is well above freezing
- He held an umbrella over his head
Over also means "more than" and "in the course of" a period af time
- He is over eighty years old
- Over the years, he has proven to be a true friend
2. Below,under
Below refers to a place lower than the a certain point. Under refers to a place directly below a
certain point
- That valley is below sea level
- His shoes are under the bed
Under also means "less than" and "under the supervision of"
- The children in this class are under six years of age
- She works under the managing editor
3. Beneath, underneath
Beneath and underneath mean almost the same thing in many uses. Generally, both indicate a
position lower than a given point. When the meaning diverge, underneath conveys more
specifically the meaning of one object being covered up by another, and beneath may be used

11
in a figurative sense. It may be useful to associate underneath with under and beneath with
below.
- Two hundred feet beneath (below) the surface of the earth, solid rock was found
- The official does not consider it beneath him to type his own letters
- The shoes were found underneath a pile of clothes in the closet
4. To, toward
To is used with verbs of motion and definite destinations. Toward means "in the general
direction of".
- We walked to the station.
- All mosque face toward Mecca.
5. Beside,besides
Beside means "next to". Besides means "in addition to".
- He is sitting beside his brother.
- Two others won prizes besides us.
6. In,into
In is used with locations or conditions. Into is used with verbs that show motion (real or
metaphorical) from one place or sate to another.
- The child is in the pool. The child jumped into the pool.
- The patient is in coma. The patient slipped into a coma.
7. Past, beyond
Past is used with verbs of motion to indicate approaching, then passing by certain point.
Beyond refers to a location further away than some specified concrete or abstract point.
- The car went past the monument at 10.00.
- He lives beyond the post office.
- His generosity is beyond belief.
8. Between, among
Between refers to position in relation to two person or things. Among refers to position in
relation to three or more persons or things.
- I want put the table between those two windows.
- I found you letter among my school papers.
9. Through, throughout
Through refers to motion first into then out of something. Throughout used with something
that is distributed in every part of something.
- Let's walk through the park.
- The news spread throughout the country.
G. More preposition
Now, we will dealt with some of the most troublesome prepositions in English. The ones in
this lesson are, on the whole, more straightforward in meaning and perhaps less susceptible to
varying usage, in spite of their sometimes more complex structure. Here is a list for reference.
1. According to
According to is used to cite an authority or source of information.
- According to the latest census, Houston, has more than a million inhabitants.
- According to the critics, the play is excellent.
2. Against
Against means "in opposite to"
- Salmon swim upstream, against the current.
- National fight wars against other nations that threaten them.
3. As far as
As far as is used to indicate a limit reached in the course of an activity.
- We walked as far as the park before we got tired.

12
- He threw the ball as far as the fence.
4. Before,after
Before means "earlier than the time of" after means "later than the time of".
- He studied before an examination.
- He relaxes after work every day.
5. Despite, in spite of
Despite, like in spite of, has the meaning of "without regard to". It is often used in the
expression despite the fact that.
- They are playing football despite the rain.
- They are playing despite the fact that it is raining.
- She came to school today in spite of the doctor's warnings.
6. During
During relates an activity to a specific period of time. The activity may be constant or
intermittenent.
- My cousin lived in St.Louis during the most of her childhood
- We ate hot dogs and drink soda during the football game.
7. Inside
Inside means that something is contained by a limit or boundary.
- The paper is inside the drawer.
- You will find your gift inside thet box.
8. Like,unlike
Like means "similar to". Unlike means "different from".
- His mind is like an adding machine.
- The film is unlike the book.
Just like means "exactly the same as".
- You look just like your brother.
9. Near
Near means "not far away from".
- The bank is near the post office.
- Her car is parked near the school.
10. Off
Off shows that something is removed from contact or connection with a place it occupied
before.
- He took the book off the shelf.
- I lost a button off my coat.
11. Opposite
Opposite means "directly across from".
- The site opposite me in the cafetaria every day.
- There is a new building opposite our house.
12. Until
Until indicates the continuation of an action or a step up to a specified point.
- I will wait for you until five o'clock.
- He lived there until his marriage.
13. Upon
Upon means "on top of" or "as a result of".
- They placed a crown upon Caesar's head.
- Upon hearing that he was in town, I telephoned him.
Upon is also used with depend and verbs of similar meaning ( rely, count ).
- You can depand upon my promises
- He caannot be relied upon.

13
On may replaced upon in all of these.
- On is somewhat less than upon.
14. Within
Within indicates that something is inside described limits.
- The mail will arrive within an hour.

D. Gerund
Gerund is a word formed from the verb (the verb) with the added
suffix (suffix)-ing and functions as a noun (a noun).
This word is verbal, which is a word formed from the verb, but it serves as
another part of speech. The other is verbal infinitive and the participle. As
with other verbal, this word is more common to name the action (action) or a
state of being (state).
This can be combined with a verbal modifier with or without
additional noun (s), a pronoun (s), or noun phrases form a gerund phrase.
It acts as a noun, then there must be another verb in a sentence
Parts of Gerund Phrase
Gerund consists of a flagger and a modifier and / or noun (phrase) or pronoun.
Noun (phrase) and pronoun are used, can function as sublayer (of a verb), object or subject
complementdariaction (action) ataustate (state) declared by the phrase. But it can be
simplified that simple, gerund phrase is a phrase that begins with gerund. Then it can be
followed by objects and modifier.
Gerund Phrase used to be a part of it, gerund, object, and modifier.
The first part of this is the gerund which is the verb to end with by + ingsehinggabiasadisebut
dengan verb + ing.Contoh, eating, diving, swimming, talking, opening, closing, and smiling.
The second part is the object and is located after the gerund. What I bolded in this example is
the object of a gerund phrase. For example, giving a note, having a choice, eating a bread.
The third part is a modifier or arguably the explanation of the gerund phrase itself. Modifier
can be played by adverb, adverb phrase, or prepositional phrase. In the following example,
the bold is the modifier.
1. Discussing a business with himis not a good choice.
2. I do not like eating bread without a peanut butter on the top.
3. Doing a job quickly without a partner is so hard.
1.3 Explanation of Gerund Phrase Example
To understand Gerund Phrase, both understand some of the examples that have been
described. Some other examples are as follows:
1. My plan is teaching her some healthy tips.
(Rencanasay teach him some healthy tips.)
Ket. her = indirect object some healthy tips = direct object of action declared by
gerund.
2. eating chocolate in the night is a bad habit.
Ket. Eating chocolate in the night = (is a form of a gerund wherein it functions as a gerund,
while a function is used as an object) in the night = modifier in the background is an
adverbial phrase.
2. Use of Gerund Phrase
14
2.1.Gerund Phrase as Subject
Gerund is used as the subject of a sentence in its character
as brikut:
1. The word Krja + Ing
2. Being in front of Predicate.
3. Is the subject of the sentence.
4. The meaning of an object that is the subject of the sentence.
Written formula: V-ING + P + C / O
2.2.Examples of Use of Gerund Phrase as Subject in one sentence like The following:
1. Reading is my Hobby (Reading is my hobby)
2. Swimming is healty sport (Swimming is a fun gesture)
3. Playing tennis is fun (Playing tennis is Fun)
4. Climbing to the top of a mountain is not easy. (Climbing the top of the mountain is not
easy)
5. Finding their house was not difficult. (Finding their home is not easy)
6. Swearing does not prove anything. (Swearing does not prove anything)
7. Smoking is bad habit for teenagers (Smoking is a bad habit for youths)
8. Losing you is my hardest part of my life. (Your loss is the hardest part of my life)

E. Comparison degrees
[1]Comparison degrees adalah kalimat dengan pola komparatif yang di pergunakan untuk
mengungkapkan makna perbandingan. Terdapat tiga pola comparative degrees yang sangat
mudah untuk di pahami penggunaanya:
Positive degree di pergunakan untuk menunjukan makna persamaan (similarity) di antara dua
object atau lebih.
as + positive + as
Example :
This book is as good as that book.
Susan is as beautiful as jane.
John is as clever as peter.
Comparative degree di pergunakan untuk menunjukan makna lebih diantara dua object yang
di bandingkan atau membandingkan dua benda yang berbeda.
Comparative + than
Example :
Marry is cleverer than jane.
He runs faster than me.
I am older than you.
Superlative degree untuk menunjukan yang terbaik atau menomorsatukan satu object di
antara jumlah object yang di bandingkan.
The + superlative
Example :
Marry is the cleverest girl in the class.
This is the oldest cinema in bandung.
It was the most beautiful house than I had ever seen.

15
 Ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan tentang perubahan bentuk adjective dalam
comparative degree.
Untuk kata sifat (adjective) yang terdiri dari satu atau dua suku kata (syllable), untuk
menyatakan “ lebih…daripada…”, cukup menambahkan suffix-er :
Example :
Big : Toni is bigger than Adi.
Small : Wendy is smaller than Eli.
Friendly : Kiki is friendly than Hanafi.
Sedangkan untuk kata sifat yang terdiri dari tiga syllable atau lebih, untuk menyatakan “
lebih…daripada…”, perlu menambahkan prefix : more…
Example :
Interesting : Bali is more interesting than Palu.
Dangerous : crocodile is more dangerous than duck.
I love Yogyakarta, because it is more interesting than Semarang.
Berikut adalah perubahan bentuk adjective pada superlative degree :
Untuk kata sifat (adjective) yang terdiri dari satu atau lebih dua syllable, cukup
menambahkan suffix : -est
Example :
Big : mortan is the biggest .
Small : wendy is the smallest.
Sedangkan untuk kata sifat (adjective) yang terdiri dari tiga syllable atau lebih, cukup
menambahkan prefix: the most
Example :
Interesting : Yogya is the most interesting.
Expensive : Nevada is the most expensive.
Untuk kata sifat yang berakhiran –ed, walaupun hanya terdiri dari dua syllable, di anggap
sama dengan kata sifat yang terdiri dari tiga syllable atau lebih.
Example :
I think the most interesting city in three world is mexico.
I guess, the most crowded park in central java is Batu Raden park.
Kata sifat bersuku kata satu yang sebuah konsonan terakhirnya di dahului vocal,maka
konsonan itu digandakan :
Big – bigger –the biggest.
Sedangkan dua suku kata yang berakhiran –er, -ble, -ple, -ow, – some, atau –y ( yang di
dahului huruf mati) maka hanya menambahkan –er dan –est.
Salah satu verb pattern dalam bahasa inggris yang kita kenal adalah struktur kata kerja
yang di kombinasikan dengan kata sifat ( adjective ). Jika kata sifat kemudian di ikuti oleh
kta kerja, maka pola nya
Adjctive + to verb
Example:
Solo is a safe place to live.
Jakarta is terrible place to live.
Jakarta is an expensive city to live.
Yogyakarta is a very interesting city to visit.

16
 Beberapa adjective tertentu tidak mempunyai degree of comparison yakni: absolute,
complete, entire, eternal , everlasting, main, pure, preliminary , rectangular.
Sementara itu ada beberapa kata sifat yang tingkat pebandingannya tidak beraturan ( irregular
comparison) :

Positive comparative superlative

Good better best

Bad worse worst

Many more most

Far farther farthest

Old elder eldest

Much more most

[2]Elder dan eldest di pergunakan untuk menunjukan bahwa di antara mereka terdapat
hubungan kekeluargaan : – my eldest son is married ( anakku yang paling tua sudah menikah)
atau she is her elder daughter ( ia adlah anak perempuannya yang lebih tua).

Sedangkan older an oldest diginakan untuk umum : – she is older than I am ( ia lebih tua
daripada aku).

Sedangkan perbedaan farther dan further. Farther digunakan untuk menunjukan jarak dari
satu tempat ke tempat lainnya seperti : the farthest corner of the earth ( plosok yang jauh
dengan bumi). Sedangkan further bisa digunakan untuk jarak dan waktu artinya lebih luas.
Misalnya that’s the further ball from here ( itulah bola yang lebih jauh dari sini)

Comparison degree selain dapat digunakan dengan menunjukan makna “lebih… dari..”,
dapat juga ditunjukan makna kurang dari… hal tersebut dapat di ungkapkan dengan
mempergunakan less… than…

Tingkat kepadatan lebih rendah ( less crowded)

Yogjakarta is less crowded than Jakarta, so you don’t have to be so worried if you are not
very good driver

17
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

So it can be explained about the material that has become the subject of this paper, of course,
in the writing there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses, due to limited knowledge
and lack of sources or references that have something to do with this paper.

The author also hopes to the readers to provide criticism and suggestions to build
constructively to the author for the sake of perfection of this paper task and also the writing
of papers in the next opportunity. Hopefully this paper can be useful for writers and
especially for the readers in general.

18