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Fire And Smoke Detector

A MICRO - PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
Dobariya Nidhi 226400307050
KananiKhushi 226400307094
Kariya Sneha 226400307100

)4360703( As a part of curriculum work of Fundamentals of IoT

R. C. Technical Institute, Ahmedabad

Gujarat Technological University
April, 2025

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
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R.C. TECHNICAL INSTITUTE, AHMEDABAD

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Rubrics for Micro Project

Term No.: 242
Term Start Date: 01/01/2025 Term End Date: 28/04/2025
)4360703( Course Name & Course Code: Fundamentals of IoT
Semester: 6 Division: CO61
Rubrics
Parameters Strong Average Poor
ID
Excellent Moderate level
Problem not
understanding of understanding of
understood and can't
Understanding of problem and problem and
establish the
RB1 Problem relevance with the relevance with the
relation with the
) Marks 3( theory clearly theory clearly
.theory
.understood .understood
) Mark 1-0(
) Marks 3( )Mark 2(
Moderate ability to
Good ability to identify strategies Poor ability to
identify strategies for for identify strategies
solving problems solving problems for solving
Analysis of the
,brainstorming( by guidance of ( problems )require
RB2 Problem
exploration of various ,faculty special attention
) Marks 3(
solutions, trial and exploration of ,from faculty
.)error limited solutions, ) trial and error
) Marks 3( .) trial and error ) Mark 1-0(
)Mark 1(
Unique
Weak
documentation )not Ordinary
documentation of
copied from other documentation of
given problem
Documentation sources( of given given problem with
RB3 without proper
) Marks 2( problem with proper proper formatting
formatting and
formatting and .and language
.language
.language )Mark 1(
)Mark 0(
) Marks 2(
Contents of Contents of
Contents of
presentation are presentation are
presentation are not
appropriate and well appropriate but not
appropriate and not
Presentation delivered. Proper eye well delivered. Eye
RB4 well delivered. Poor
) Marks 2( contact with audience contact with few
delivery of
and clear voice with people and unclear
.presentation
.good language .voice
)Mark 0(
) Marks 2( )Mark 1(

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
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Course Outcomes
.CO NO Course Outcomes
CO1 .Explain the basic concept of IoT
CO2 .Apply different Sensors and Actuators in IoT Application as required
CO3 .Develop sketch for the IoT application using the Arduino Uno board
Explain Messaging and Transport protocols for IoT communication used in the IoT
CO4
.Applications
CO5 .Illustrate the working of real world IoT applications

Micro-Project Assessment
CO Covered Enrolment No RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 TOTAL

226400307050
CO-1
CO-2 226400307094
CO-3
CO-4 226400307100
CO-5

DATE:____________ NAME & SIGN OF FACULTY:________________

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page4

Table of Content
.Sr. No Content . Page No
.1 Abstract
.2 Introduction
.3 Information of material used in project
.4 Explanation of project
.5 Conclusion

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page5

● Abstract

Fire and smoke detection systems are critical for ensuring safety in
residential, commercial, and industrial environme These detectors
use various sensing technologies, such as ionization, photoelectric,
and heat -based sensors, to identify the presence of smoke, flames, or
abnormal heat levels. Advanced systems incorporate artificial
intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity to enhance
real-time monitoring, early warning, and automatic emergency
response. This paper explores the principles behind fire and smoke
detection, recent technological advancements, and the impact of
smart detection systems in reducing fire -related casualties and
property damage. Furthermore, it discusses challenges such as false
alarms, maintenance requirements, and future trends in fire
.detection technology

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page6

● Introduction
Fire and smoke detection systems play a crucial role in preventing
fire-related disasters by providing early warnings that help protect
lives and property. Fires can spread rapidly, causing significant
damage and endangering occupants within minutes. To mitigate these
risks, various types of fire detectors, such as smoke detectors, heat
sensors, and flame detectors, have been developed to identify
potential fire hazards at an early stage.

Traditional fire detection systems rely on ionization and photoelectric

sensors to detect smoke particles, while modern systems integrate
advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine
learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity. These
advancements enhance detection accuracy, reduce false alarms, and
enable remote monitoring and automatic emergency response.

This paper examines the working principles, types, and applications

of fire and smoke detectors, along with their role in fire prevention
strategies. It also explores recent technological innovations and
challenges in implementing effective fire detection systems.

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page7

● Information of Material Used in Project

Sr. Name Specification Quantity Price
.No
1 Arduino UNO ATmega328P, 16MHz, 32KB Flash,
2KB SRAM, 14 Digital I/O (6 PWM),
1 450
6 Analog Inputs, 5V Operating Voltage

2 Mini Breadboard 170 tie-points, Plastic body,

Compatible with jumper wires and
2 70
components, No soldering required

3 Hooku-up wire or Male-to-Male, Male-to-Female,

Female-to-Female, 10cm-20cm length,
6 40
jumper wire
22-28 AWG wire gauge

4 MQ-2 Detects LPG, CO, smoke, methane,

alcohol; Operating Voltage: 5V;
1 120
smoke sensor
Analog & Digital Output

5 Flame sensor Infrared detection, 760-1100nm

wavelength sensitivity, 3.3V-5V
1 120
operating voltage, Digital & Analog
output

6 LCD Display 16 characters x 2 lines, HD44780

controller, 5V operating voltage,
1 130
Parallel interface

7 Buzzer 5V DC, Continuous sound output,

Piezoelectric or magnetic type, Low
1 60
power consumption
8 USB cable Type-B USB cable, Used for
programming and power, Compatible
1 50
with Arduino Uno

9 Battery 9V or 12V, Alkaline or rechargeable,

Used for powering the circuit
1 50

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page8

● Explanation of Project

This project focuses on designing and implementing a fire and smoke

detection system to enhance fire safety in residential, commercial, and
industrial environments. The system detects smoke, heat, or flames
and provides an early warning through alarms, notifications, or
automated responses.

1. Arduino Uno
- Function:Acts as the brain of the system, processing data from
sensors and controlling output devices.
- Why It's Important: It reads sensor values, processes them, and
triggers alarms or notifications when fire or smoke is detected.

2. Mini Breadboard
-Function:Provides a platform to connect electronic components
without soldering.
-Why It's Important:Makes circuit prototyping easy and allows quick
modifications.

3. Jumper Wires
-Function:Used to make connections between components on the
breadboard and Arduino.
-Types:Male-to-male,male-to-female,and female-to-female.
- Why It's Important:Ensures proper connectivity between sensors,
actuators, and the microcontroller.

4.MQ-2 Smoke Sensor

- Function:Detects smoke and gases like carbon monoxide (CO), LPG,
methane, and alcohol vapors.
-Working Principle:Changes resistance based on gas concentration
and sends signals to the Arduino.
-Why It's Important:Helps detect fire early by identifying smoke in
the environment.

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page9

5. Flame Sensor
- Function: Detects infrared (IR) radiation emitted by fire flames.
-Working Principle:Uses a photodiode that responds to specific
wavelengths of light from fire.
- Why It's Important:Provides an additional way to detect fire apart
from smoke detection.

6. Buzzer
-Function:Produces a loud alarm sound when fire or smoke is
detected.
-Working Principle:Converts electrical signals from the Arduino into
sound vibrations.
- Why It's Important:Alerts people immediately in case of a fire
emergency.

7. Battery (9V/12V)
-Function:Provides power to the system when not connected to a
computer.
-Why It's Important:Ensures the system remains operational even
during power failures.

8. LCD Display (16×2)

- Function:Displays sensor readings, system status, and alerts.
- Working Principle:Uses an I2C or parallel communication interface
to show text-based information.
- Why It's Important: Provides real-time updates on smoke levels,
flame detection, and system status.

9. USB Cable
- Function:Connects the Arduino to a computer for programming and
power supply.
- Why It's Important:Allows uploading of code to the Arduino and
provides an initial power source.

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page10

How These Components Work Together

1. Sensors (MQ-2 and Flame Sensor) detect smoke, gas, or fire flames.
2. The Arduino Uno processes sensor data and decides whether an
alarm should be triggered.
3. If fire or smoke is detected:
- The Buzzer sounds an alarm.
- The LCD Display shows warning messages.
- A Battery ensures continuous operation if the main power is lost.
4. All components are connected using a Breadboard and Jumper
Wires for easy assembly.
5. The USB Cable is used for programming the Arduino and testing
the system before deployment.

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas
 | Page11

● Conclusion

The fire and smoke detection system is an essential safety measure

designed to detect fire hazards at an early stage and prevent potential
disasters. By integrating various sensors such as smoke, flame, and
temperature detectors with a microcontroller, the system provides
real-time monitoring and immediate alerts. The addition of IoT and
GSM modules further enhances the system’s capability by enabling
remote notifications and automated emergency responses.
This project demonstrates how sensor technology, automation, and
wireless communication can be effectively combined to improve fire
safety in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. With
continuous advancements in artificial intelligence and smart detection
systems, future improvements can enhance accuracy, reduce false
alarms, and enable predictive fire prevention measures.
Overall, the fire and smoke detection system is a cost-effective and
efficient solution that can significantly reduce the risks associated
with fire outbreaks, ultimately saving lives and protecting property.

VISION: To mould young and fresh minds into challenging computer professionals with ethical values
and shaping them with upcoming technologies and develop the ability to deal with real world
.situations with skills and innovative ideas