VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELAGAVI-590018
MICRO CONTROLLERS MINI PROJECT REPORT
(For Academic year - 2023-2024)
BACHELOR OF ENGNEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
PALLAVI S (1KT22CS073) RANJITHA R (1KT22CS091)
SUMA H (1KT22CS112) SWETHA P (1KT22CS115)
UME KULSUM (1KT22CS118)
Under the Guidance of
Mrs. Aruna R
Asst. Professor CS&E
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sri Krishna Institute of Technology
BENGALURU - 560090.
SRI KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
No.29, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chimney Hills, Chikkabanavara Post
Bengaluru-560090.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, PALLAVI S (1KT22CS073), RANJITHA R (1KT22CS091),
SUMA H (1KT22CS112), SWETHA P (1KT22CS115), UME KULSUM
(1KT22CS118) the bona fide students of Sri Krishna Institute of Technology, has
successfully completed the Micro Controllers Mini Project work on Smoke Leak
Alarm System in fulfilment for 2nd Year B.E. in Computer Science and Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2023.
Prof. Aruna R Dr. Deepak S Sakkari
Asst. Prof., CSE & Professor & HOD
Skill Development Coordinator
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us an immense pleasure and a great sense of deepest gratitude in expressing our
heartfelt thanks to all the concerned people without whom the successful completion of this
Mini Project would not have been possible.
We would like to profoundly thank the Management of Sri Krishna Institute of
Technology [SKIT], for providing such a healthy environment for the successful
completion of our Mini Project.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. Mahesha K, Principal of Sri Krishna
Institute of Technology for his encouragement that motivated us for the successful
completion of this Mini Project.
We wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Deepak S Sakkari, Professor and HOD
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Krishna Institute of Technology,
Bengaluru, for his valuable suggestions and support.
It gives us great pleasure in placing a record of deep sense of gratitude to our guide Prof.
Aruna R, Department of Computer Science & Engineering for her expert guidance,
initiative and encouragement that led us through our Mini Project completion.
We would like to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff members in our Department
of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Krishna Institute of Technology, Bengaluru,
for their support.
Finally, we would like to thank all of our friends and family members for their constant
support, guidance and encouragement.
PALLAVI S (1KT22CS073)
RANJITHA R (1KT22CS091)
SUMA H (1KT22CS112)
SWETHA P (1KT22CS115)
UME KULSUM (1KT22CS118)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl. No Content Page No
i. Certificate -
1 Abstract 1
2 Introduction 2
3 Literal survey 3
4 Existing system 3
5 Proposed system 4
6 Software 4
7 Prototype/Pretotype 5-7
8 Methodology 8-12
9 Future enhancement 13
10 Conclusion 13
11 Mini Report -
DETAILED REPORT
Smoke leak alarm system
1. ABSTRACT
The main aim of this project is to detect the Smoke Leakage that can be
detected by using Sensor. These sensors are widely used to detect essence of
harmful gaseous. Buzzer gives an Audible sign in the presence of gas. Many
accidents occur in day to day life like explosion because of gas leakage. Major
harm is caused, if gas leakage is not detected early. But now we can detect the gas
leakage using the gas sensor and in this IOT gas leakage detector, such IOT as
well as Arduino based gas leakage detector systems can be installed in homes,
hotels and LPG gas storage areas. In this smoke detector system it senses the
smoke ejection. If the smoke in air is normal then the LED on the circuit will glow
green giving a safe sign and whenever sensor senses the smoke then the red led
glow i.e., green goes off, sends a message to the owner and power through a buzzer
system. So, this IOT based intelligent smoke detector project will help in detecting
the smoke leakage in the surrounding areas.
Figure 1: Abstract view of Smoke Leakage System
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2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 What is IOT?
Internet of Things (IOT) is an ideal buzzing technology to influence the
Internet and communication technologies. IOT allows people and things to
be connected anytime, anyplace, with anything and anyone, by using
ideally in any path/network and any service. This project introduces a
thought or an idea for home computerization voice acknowledgment, also
the development of a prototype for controlling smart homes devices
through IOT.
Smart home or home automation can be said as the residential extension of
building automation, it also involves the automation and controlling of
lightings, ACs, ventilation and security which also includes home
appliances such as dryers/washers, ovens or refrigerators/freezers which
uses Wi-Fi for monitoring via remote for ease of use. Now a day’s speed
of the processing and common through smart mobile devices at very
affordable costs, to improve the life style concept relevant to smart life, like
smart T.V, Smart cities, smart phones, smart life, smart school and Internet
of Things.
2.2 Why is IOT technology important?
The term "Internet of Things" has come to describe a number of
technologies and research disciplines that enable the Internet to reach out
into the real world of physical objects. The term "Internet of Things" has
come to describe a number of technologies and research disciplines that
enable the Internet to reach out into the real world of physical objects. The
Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a wireless
network between objects. From any time, any place connectivity for
anyone, we will now have connectivity for anything.
Figure 2: IOT Technology
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3. LITERAL SURVEY
In past years many smart smoke detector have been proposed to detect leakage
of LPG efficiently. Some use different sensors like MQ6 in place of MQ5. [1] Some
programmed the system such way that it sends a beep sound message to notify the
user [2] Or to shut off the smoke line automatically [3]. Some even used GSM and
Wireless monitoring system [4]. This paper discusses about the real time
observation of smoke concentration in the surrounding and avoiding any future
accidents.
4. EXISTING SYSTEM
In primary focus intelligent smoke leakage detector using Arduino is only
possible for detecting the harmful gaseous and alert the people. Smoke leakage is
a serious problem and nowadays it is observed in many places like residences,
industries, and vehicles like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, cars, etc. It
is noticed that due to smoke leakage, dangerous accidents occur. The Liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), or propane, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases
used as fuel in many applications like homes, hostels, industries, automobiles, and
vehicles because of its desirable properties which include high calorific value, less
smoke, less soot, and eager harm to the environment. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
is highly inflammable and can burn even at some distance from the source of
leakage. This energy source is primarily composed of propane and butane which
are highly flammable chemical compounds. These gases can catch fire easily. In
homes, LPG is used mainly for cooking purposes. When a leak occurs, the leaked
gases may lead to an explosion. Smoke leakage leads to various accidents resulting
in both material loss and human injuries. The risks of explosion, fire, suffocation
is based on their physical properties such toxicity, flammability, etc.
The user is alerted about the gas leakage through BUZZER sound and the
power supply is turned off. proposed the leakage detection and real time gas
monitoring system. The level of smoke in our nearest locality is also continuously
monitored. proposed the system in which the leakage is detected by the gas/smoke
sensor and produce the results in the audio and visual forms. It provides a design
approach on software as well as hardware. In the existing method, different gas
sensing technology is used but it acts like as an alarming device only. It will cost
only 917 Bangladeshi taka which is equivalent to ten USD.
4.1 KEYWORDS:
Arduino UNO, MQ2 Gas Sensor, GSM
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5. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this proposed system by using the Intelligent smoke leakage detector using
Arduino Nano it detects the smoke leakage/ejection and alerts the people, in
addition to this it also gives an acknowledgement to the owner and power pause
alertis given as soon as high gas leakage is perceived.
“Smoke Leakage Detector with SMS Alert using ARDUNIO and GSM
module”, will be a great help in terms of preventing any danger caused by smoke
leakage. The purpose of this project is to detect the presence of smoke leakage in
the homes and working places. Which is further used in case of the nobody is
present when the leakage occurs and to prevent accidents and property damage. It
is cost efficient and reduce damage caused by the smoke leakage.
FIGURE 3: Block diagram of proposed system
6. SOFTWARE
For developing this project, we mainly used software is Arduino IDE 1.8.19.
The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload
code to the Arduino boards. The IDE application is suitable for different OS that has
(Operating Systems) such as Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It supports the
programming languages C and C++. Here, IDE stands for Integrated
Development Environment.
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7. PROTOTYPE/PRETOTYPE
7.1 COMPONENTS
Arduino UNO R3
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on
the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed
by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2010.The microcontroller board is equipped
with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.[1] The board has 14 digital
I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with
the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable.
It can be powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that accepts voltages
between 7 and 20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has the same
microcontroller as the Arduino Nano board, and the same headers as the Leonardo
board. The hardware reference design is distributed under a Creative
Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware exists.
Smoke Detector Sensor
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A smoke detector is a device that detects the presence of smoke in an area,
often as part of a safety system. A smoke detector can sound an alarm to operators
in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This
type of device is important because there are many smoke/gases that can be harmful
to organic life, such as humans or animals. Smoke detectors can be used to
detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. This type of
device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such as on oil rigs,
to monitor manufacturing processes and emerging technologies such
as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.
BUZZER/SOUND ALARM
A buzzer or beeper is audio the signaling equipment/device, which may
be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses
of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation of
user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. While technological advancements
have caused buzzers to be impractical and undesirable, there are still instances in
which buzzers and similar circuits may be used. Present day applications include:
novelty uses, educational purposes, judging panels, electronic metronomes etc.
JUMPER WIRES
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A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is
an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end
(or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used to
interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit,
internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering. Individual
jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors" into the slots provided in
a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of test equipment.
There are different types of jumper wires i.e., solid tips, crocodile clips, banana
connectors, registered jack, RCA connectors, RF connectors, RF jumper cables.
ARDUINO USB CABLE
Current Arduino boards are programmed via Universal Serial Bus (USB),
implemented using USB-to-serial adapter chips such as the FTDI FT232. What
does USB cable do in Arduino? The USB port serves two purposes: First, it is the
cable connection to a computer which allows you to program the board. The USB
cord will also provide power for the Arduino if you're not using the power port.
Arduino boards can operate satisfactorily on power that is available from the USB
port. It provides 5V DC voltage and can be sourced from the port from a PC, wall
socket adapter or portable power bank. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V)
serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An
ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and
appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer.
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8. METHODOLOGY
8.1 ALGORITHM
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8.2 CODE
const int sensorPin = A0; // Analog input pin for gas
sensor
const int buzzerPin = 3; // Digital output pin for buzzer
const int threshold = 500; // Threshold value for gas
concentration
void setup() {
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication at
9600 baud rate
}
void loop() {
int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
Serial.print("Sensor Value: ");
Serial.println(sensorValue);
if (sensorValue > threshold) {
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH); // Sound the buzzer
Serial.println("Smoke detected!");
} else {
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW); // Turn off the buzzer
}
delay(1000); // Delay for 1 second
}
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8.3 3D MODEL
8.4 PROTEUS SIMULATION
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8.5 WORKING
The idea behind of this project is to detect the Smoke Leakage that can be
detected by using Sensor. The presence of hazardous gas/smoke leakage (like
LPG leak, Butane leak, Methane leak) or any such gaseous substance in a
domestic work places and also stored gases container smoke which exhibits ideal
characteristic is use. Produces a sound alarm upon smoke leak. The usage of the
smoke brings great problems in the domestic as well as working places. The
inflammable gas/smoke such as Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is
excessively used in the house and at work places.
The leakage of the gas causes destructible impact to the lives and as well as
to the heritage of the people. So, by keeping it in the concept of the project we
have determined to develop an examining system which finds the leak of gas and
protects the work places by taken correct precaution at correct time. According to
ABS-CBN news 2017 that from January to June last 2017, the BFP has recorded
a total of 2,522 fire incidents. It was traced that Gas is one of the major causes of
fire during that year where half of the total which is 1,253 beside from the
electrical causes. "
This system provides the information such as when a gas leakage is noticed,
sensors of in the project are used to notice the gas leakage and immediately turns
ON the buzzer for the danger indication. Buzzer is a clear indication of gas
leakage. By the detection of the hazardous gas the alerting message reached to the
person who has control over it from the GSM. Detection of the gas leakage is
important and halting leakage is important equally.
The main objective of this project is that it is extremely accurate with a least
cost, this project system is best to detect gas leakage and also warn people around
by buzzer beep sound and an SMS & Call has been send to the responsible person
for preparatory safety calculations. More than the lifetime Arduino has been a
reason that thousands of projects from everyday bodies to complicated scientific
mechanism. Their knowledge about the said matter contributions a lot to help the
society in this subject area.
From 0.72% of all kitchen accidents, LPG gas leaks have risen to 10.74%
of all kitchen accidents. Therefore, gas leakage detection is the most critical safety
problem. This project, therefore, represents the detectionand alarm system for Gas
leakage to prevent fire accidents and to provide house protection to create an alert
warning system based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) network.The
presence of gases can be detected using it. "The sensors used in the circuit will
detect that it turns on the LED whenever gas leakage, and at this time the GSM
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modem will send an SMS alert to the mobile user not that the gas has been leaked!
"Please check" which providesnotification in real-time. This device can be
mounted in kitchens, storage rooms for LPG, factories, industries or any place
that is considered appropriate.
8.6 FINAL OUTPUT
Red light from sensor indicating - Gas/Smoke detected
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Park Expert
9. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
Our Project is a real-time project which can detect the gaseous easily.
Certainly, this Project can be improved in Future. On the better half, we try to list
some points for future aspect. After this project performance, that detection of the
LPG gas leakage is incredible in the project system. Applicable usefully in the
industrial and domestic purpose. In danger situations we are able to save the life
by using this system. An alert is indicated by the GSM module. This project would
also have a very positive impact on society as a result.
10. CONCLUSION
We conclude that this project “SMOKE LEAKAGE DETECTOR USING
ARDUINO” has been successfully designed and test. It has been developed by
integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module
has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of
the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced components and with the help of growing
technology the project has been successfully implemented. So, we can conclude
that the IOT based intelligent gas/smoke leakage detector using Arduino detects the
gas leakages/smoke ejection with an alert is indicated and make an audio buzzer
sound/alarm to the owner. This is applicable usefully in the industrial and domestic
purpose. A sensor senses harmful gases/smoke. In danger situations we are able to
save the life by using this system.
**************
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MINI REPORT
