EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER-I : BIHAR ECONOMY : AN OVERVIEW 1. Bihar has witnessed significant economic growth over the last two decades, resulting, in notable improvements in several socio-economic indicators. The State government's initiatives during this period have contributed to advancements in education, health, and other social indicators, along with a general increase in the per capita income. As per the latest available Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) figures, calculated from the base year of 2011-12, the size of Bihar’s economy at current prices has increased 3.5 times, rising from Rs, 2.47 lakh crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 8.54 lakh crore in 20: 4. 2. According to the latest available estimates, the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Bihar for the year 2023-24 is estimated to be Rs. 8.54.429 crore at current prices and Rs. 4,64,540 crore at constant (2011-12) prices. The contribution of the tertiary sector to the Gross State Value Added (GSVA) in Bihar at constant (2011-12) prices is estimated to be 58.6 percent, followed by 21.5 percent from the secondary sector and 19.9 percent from the primary sector. 3. In the tertiary sector, Trade and Repair Services are estimated to be the most significant contributor to the state's Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at constant (2011-12) prices in 2023-24, making up 14.8 percent. This is followed by Transport, Storage, Communication, and Broadcasting Services at 10.2 percent, and Real Estate, Ownership of Dwellings, and Professional Services at 9.5 percent. Road Transport is estimated to contribute 5.4 percent, while Financial Services are projected to contribute 4.6 percent of the state’s Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at constant (2011-12) prices in 2023-24, 4, In the secondary sector, manufacturing is estimated to contribute 7.6 percent and construction 11.3 percent to the state’s Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at constant (2011-12) prices for 2023-24. Additionally, electricity, gas, water supply, and other utility services are estimated to account for 2.7 percent of the GSVA, In the primary sector, crops and livestock are estimated to have contributed 9.9 percent and 6.3 percent, respectively, to the GSVA for 2023-24, 5. The GSDP in 2023-24 is estimated to have increased by 14.5 percent at current prices and 9,2 percent at constant (2011-12) prices, respectively, compared to the previous year. The per capita GSDP in Bihar at current and constant (2011-12) prices is estimated to have increased by 12.8 percent to Rs, 66,828 and by 7.6 percent to Rs. 36,333. respectively, in 2023-24 over the previous year. 6. The estimated Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) at current prices in Bihar has grown significantly, increasing from Rs. 9,346 crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 38,986 crore in 2023-24. Furthermore, the GFCF as a pereentage of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices has seen a notable increase, rising from 1.6 percent in 2019-20 to 4.6 percent in 2023-24, XXXThe Bihar Economic Survey 2024-25 highlights positive trends in the state’s economic activities, showing significant improvements in socio-economic indicators, Ongoing policy initiatives and a focus on optimising fiscal capacity offer hope for further development. A detailed analysis is provided in various chapters of the Economic Survey. CHAPTER-II : STATE FINANCES 1. The State government's budget has significantly increased over the years, and this increase has been effectively utilised to improve the infrastructure necessary for economic growth in Bihar. Increased goverment expenditure has led to notable improvements in achieving developmental goals while maintaining fiscal sustainability. The State government's prudent and flexible financial management has also helped mitigate vulnerabilities, 2. In the fiscal year 2023-24, the total expenditure by the State government amounted to Rs. 2,52,082 crore. Within the overall expenditure in 2023-24, scheme expenditure ures totalled accounted for Rs. 1,01,835 crore, while establishment and committed expen Rs. 150,247 crore. 3. In 2023-24, the State government's total expenditure comprised revenue expenditure amounting to Rs. 1,90,514 crore and capital expenditure of Rs, 61,568 crore. The receipt in revenue account was Rs. 1,93,347 crore, resulting in a surplus of Rs, 2,833 crore. Additionally, the receipts in the cupital account for the State government totalled Rs. 60,313 24, crore in 20: 4, Both the Revenue and the Capital Accounts of the State government expanded from 2019- 20 to 20: revenue expenditure grew by 1.5 times, while capital expenditure surged by 3.1 times. Asa 24, with a notably swift increase in capital expenditure. During this period, result, the share of capital expenditure as a percentage of total expenditure by the State government increased from 14 percent in 2019-20 to 24 percent in 2023-24. 5. Inthe fiscal year 2023-24, tax revenue amounted to Rs, 161,965 crore, making it the most significant component of revenue receipts. The share of tax revenue in total receipt increased from 75.3 percent in 2019-20 to 83.8 percent in 2023-24, In 2023-24, grants-in-aid represented 13.5 percent of total receipts, totalling Rs, 26,125 crore, while non-tax sources contributed 2.7 percent, amounting to Rs, 5,257 crore. 6. In 2023-24, the state’s total borrowing was Rs. 60,218 crore and the public debt repayment was Rs. 22,979 crore. By the end of the fiscal year 2023-24, the outstanding debt of the State goverament was Rs. 3,32,741 crore. Additionally, the State government made interest payments of Rs. 17,606 crore during 2023-24. Between 2019-20 and 2023-24, the State government's revenue expenditure on Social services rose from Rs. 57,816 crore to Rs. 83,225 crore. Spending on General services increased from Rs. 41,628 crore to Rs. 59,218 crore, and expenditure on Economic services grew from Rs. 26,571 crore to Rs. 48,071 crore. Additionally, interest payments within General services rose ftom Rs. 10,991 crore to Rs. 17,606 crore during this period. XXxi8. In the 2023-24 fiscal year, 27.7 percent of the total revenue received by the State government originated from its own tax and non-tax sources, Revenue from the State's own tax sources increased by 9.9 percent, rising from Rs, 44,018 crore in 2022-23 to Rs, 48,361 crore in 2023-24. Additionally, revenue from non-tax sources experienced a significant boost of 27.1 percent, growing from Rs. 4,135 crore in 2022-23 to Rs. 5,257 crore in 2023-24, Fiscal indicators suggest that Bihar’ state finances are sustainable, flexible, and not at risk, considering the current level of expenditure, Overall, the allocation of receipts and expenditures by the State government for 2023-24 demonstrates prudent fiscal management, highlighting support for the state's long-term economic growth. CHAPTER-IIL : AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS, 1 ‘The agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector contributes approximately one-fifth of the gros state value added (GSVA) annually. Rice in Kharif and wheat in Rabi constitute the primary crop cycles in Bihar. Between 2022-23 and 2023-24, rice and wheat production have increased by 21.0 percent and 10.7 2020-21 and 2023-24, maize production has percent, respectively. Furthermore, betwe increased by 66.6 percent. In horticulture, between 2022-23 and 2023-24, the total mango production has increased by 97 percent. The area under litchi has been continuously expanding in Bihar. Between 2022-23 and 2023-24, the area of litchi orchards has increased by 6.0 percent, whereas the total production has increased by 11.7 percent, In 2023-24, 27.8 thousand hectares of land were cultivated with makhana, and the total production was 56.4 thousand tonnes, accounting for 85 percent of the total makhana production of India The production of milk, eggs, and fish has been rising continuously. Between 2018-19 and 2022-23, milk production has inereased by 27.3 percent, egg production has increased by 85.7 percent. Between 2018-19 and 2023-24, fish production has increased by 45.0 percent. Under the Samagra Gavya Vikas Yojana, 5,873 units (2, 4, 15, and 20) of high-breed milk cattle/heifers were set up against the physical target of 7,194 units, and Rs. 102.56 crore was disbursed by the State government out of the target of Rs. 106.98 crore between 2021-22 and 2023-24, The State government has implemented various schemes for fish farming and aquaculture practices, namely, the Mukhyamantri Samekit Chaur Vikas Yojana, the Mukhyamantri Talab Matsyki Vikas Yojana, the Scheme for Pond Construction in Plateau Area for Fish Farming, toname a few, The Bihar Rajya Bee] Nigam Ltd, supplies seeds to implement various schemes like the stare plan, the National Food Security Mission, and the National Agricultural Development Plan. In 2023, for summer crops, 38,857 quintals of seeds were distributed to 5,48,984 farmers, For kharif 2023, the corporation has distributed 70,605 quintals of seeds to 2,86,055 farmers. Furthermore, for rabi 2023-24, 4,65,594 quintals of seeds were distributed to 11,18,667 farmers. Xxxil8. The State government has approved Rs. 11,900.00 lakh for agricultural mechanisation in 2023-24, For the Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization, the Government of India allocated Rs, 3866.23 lakh (60 percent) and the State govemment Rs, 2577.48 lakh (40 percent), aggregating to Rs. 6443.71 lakh in 2023-24. 9. The share of power consumption in agriculture in the total power consumption has increased from 4.3 percent in 2019-20 to 17.6 percent in 2023-24. Due to the increase in electricity connections for agriculture, the amount of subsidies has increased from Rs, 486,93 crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 3856.8 crore in 2023-24, representing eight-fold increase, 10. In Bihar, the access to the KCC scheme has expanded over the years, The total disbursement of KCC loans in 2019-20 was Rs. 3204.51 crore, which has increased to Rs, 7080.07 crore in 2023-24, 11. The State goverment has invested heavily in creating irrigation infrastructure in Bihar. In 2023-24, the total expenditure on irrigation was Rs. 1674.2 crore, registering an increase of 9.7 percent over 2022-23, Of the total expenditure on irrigation, around 90 percent was capital expenditure. 12. Under the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali Abhiyan, 2,377 schemes had been approved by 202. 4, of Which 2,182 have been completed, restoring 2,22,639 hectares of irrigation capacity and 992 lakh cubie meters of water storage. The State government has spent Rs, 269.66 crore on these 24, schemes in 2 13, Under the ‘Har Khet Tak Sinchai ka Pani! programme of Saat Nishchay-2, 707 schemes have 57 hectares of land by spending Rs, 308.73 crore, In 2024-25, approval has been granted for 1,528 schemes worth been completed by 2 ties in 1,02 Rs, 2339.10 crore, which is expected to restore irrigation facilities in 1,87,194 hectares of land. 14, In the second phase of the Jaivik Corridor Yojana, 20,000 acres of land were distributed among the interested farmers who were not a part of the first phase of the scheme. This scheme has nearly achieved its physical target in 2023-24. The State government has allocated Rs. 3,192.62 lakh for 2023-24, 15. Under the Diese] Subsidy Scheme, 6.3 lakh farmers benefited from the subsidy, and the total amount of the subsidy was Rs. 102.93 crore in 2023-24. Under the Krishi Input Subsidy Scheme, in 2023-24, 87.12 lakh farmers who were affected due to hailstorms and unseasonal rains were provided financial support of the amount of Rs. 55.05 erore, 16. The Climate-resilient Agriculture Programme, with an allocation of Rs. 238.49 crore, is implemented in 30 districts of Bihar for the period 2020-21 to 2024-25, XXXiliCHAPTER-IV : ENTERPRISES SECTOR 1. ‘The secondary sector consists of mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, water supply, and other services; and construction. Over the years, construction has been the most important activity in Bihar. Construction activities grew at the rate of 22 percent between 2021-22 and 2022-23. It contributed 50.2 percent of the GSDP of the secondary sector, followed by manufacturing, In 2022-23, the manufacturing sector contributed 37.0 percent of the GSDP of the secondary sector. Numerically the most important industry in Bihar was that of the manufacturing of other non-metallic mineral products (1234 units), followed by that of food producis (905 units). In case of industries in Bihar, the quantum of fixed capital has increased significantly, For instance, in 2022-23, the amount of fixed capital in the factories of Bihar was Rs, 31.95 thousand crore, reflecting an increase of 60 percent in a year, The value of output has grown by 53 percent in Bihar between 2021-22 and 2022-23, All these factors indicate a steady growth of the industrial output in Bihar. The fixed capital per factory has registered a growth rate of 59.1 percent between 2021-22 and 2022-23. In 2023-24, 677.20 lakh quintals of sugarcane was crushed in nine sugar mills of Bihar. The total sugar production was 68.77 lakh quintals. In 2023-24, the distillery capacity and power generation of sugar mills have been 530 Kilo Litre Per Day and 88.5 MW, respectively. Under the Bihar Jaggery Industry Promotion Programme, the State government has allocated a subsidy of Rs, 12.40 crore to 81 jaggery-producing units in 2024-25. The scheme offers a 50 percent capital subsidy for various sizes of jaggery production units. ‘The daily milk collection from the 13 unions or projects has been increasing over the years. ‘The total daily milk collection has increased from 1,662.0 thousand kg in 2022-23 to 2,305.1 thousand kg in 2023-24, representing an increase of 38.7 percent in one year, As of September 2024, the State Investment Promotion Board (SIPB) has received 3,752 investment proposals amounting to Rs. 75,293.76 crore. In 2023-24, the total amount of proposed investments was Rs. 5,642.57 crore from 706 projects. ‘The total investment in 769 functioning units was Rs. 8,464.35 crore, and they generated employment for 31,749 workers, As of September 2024, the food processing sector is the largest, with a total investment of Rs. 3,517.09 crore in 353 operational units in Bihar, The proposed investment for ethanol production was Rs, 30,747.55 crore, representing 41 percent of the total proposed investment. The renewable energy sector has also attracted 75 invesiment proposals worth Rs. 10,613.20 crore. According to BIADA, the total investment in industries increased by 3.5 times between 2022-23 and 2024-25 (up to September 2024). Micro enterprises have attracted six times more investment in 2023-24 than that in 2022-23, On the employment generation front, micro and small enterprises had created 66.0 percent of the total employment created by enterprises in 2023-24, Between 20: 24, the total employment generation across enterprises increased by 210. ‘The Bihar Small Entrepreneurship Yojana was launched to uplift the economic status of a large number of poor families/households. Under the Scheme, 2,02.014 applications were received in 2023-24, Out of this, the Department of Industries has approved 40,102 applications. To provide financial support to 40,099 small entrepreneurs, the State government has spent Rs. 200.47 lakh in 2023-24. 11. In 2023-24, 297 of 1706 applications for Startups have received certification. For th State government hi pent Rs. 15.08 crore to provide seed funding to the certified Startups. 12. In 2023-24, the State government earned Rs, 3,114.79 crore from all sources of minerals, which was 14 percent more than the revenue collection of the previous year. 13. The tourist footfall has significantly increased in 2023, with 821.33 lakh people visiting Bihar, The number of both domestic and foreign tourists in 2023 returned to its pre-Covid-19 pandemic levels. The budget allocation for the Department of Tourism in 2023-24 was Rs. 339.15 crore. Of the total allocation, Rs. 328.03 crore was spent in 2023-24, Furthermore, in 2023-24, the State government has approved Rs. 494.71 crore to implement various projects across the state. 14. 4, the total outlay for eco-tourism and park development was Rs. 100.00 crore, ituting 21.6 percent of the total outlay of the Department of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change. In 2023-24, the financial allocation for park development was Rs. 87.2 crore. CHAPTER-V : LABOUR, EMPLOYMENT AND SKILL, 1. The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLES) reports that in Bihar, labour force participation rate (LFPR) was 50.9 percent in 2022-23 which increased to $5.0 percent in 2023-24 Similarly, the worker-population ratio (WPR) was 48.7 percent in 2022-23 which reached 53.2 percent in 2023-24. 2. The Bihar Shatabdi Unorganized Sector Workers and Artisans Social Security Scheme provides financial assistance to unorganized sector workers and their dependents. In 2023-24, the number of claims reached 2563, representing a 146 pervent increase over the previous year. The total grant amounted to Rs. 14.99 crore, reflecting a 144.1 percent increase from 2022-23 to 2023-24. 3. Under the Bihar Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board, over the past five years between 2019-20 and 2023-24, the cumulative number of registered construction workers has reached 1772.01 thousand. In 2023-24, the number of beneficiaries was 109.63 thousand. The total sanctioned amount for that year was Rs, 694,80 crore, reflecting a 50 percent increase over the previous year. The total amount of funds utilised was Rs, 622.70 crore, with a utilisation rate of 90 percent, XXXVIn 2023-24, 1403 child labours were rescued. An upgraded version of the Child Labour Tracking System (CLTS) software has been introduced to monitor and facilitate the rehabilitation of rescued child labourers. The State government has distributed Rs. 6.64 crore to 2,658 rescued children at the rate of Rs. 25,000 per child. In 2023-24, the Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) advertised vacancies for 4,29,015 posts. In 2023-24, after the selection process of multiple stages, recommendations were submitted to the government for appointment of 2,23,153 candidates. The Bihar Technical Service Commission (BSC) advertised vacancies for 3,913 posts and 2,961 candidates were recommended for appointment in 2023-24. The Rural Self-Employment Training Institutes (RSETI) have organized 973 training programmes and 30,434 candidates were trained in such programmes in 2023-24. The total expenditure to run these programmes was Rs, 10,91 crore in 2023-24. ‘The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya ~ Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) aims to provide livelihood by imparting skills to the rural poor youth, The scheme is implemented through JEEVIKA in Bihar, Till September 2024, 83,806 youths got benefitted from the training programmes conducted under DDU-GKY. Of all the trained candidates, 54 percent obtained ‘employment, In 2023-24, the total expenditure to conduct skill training programmes was Rs. 28.04 crore. Between 2019-20 and 2023-24, 1703.9 thousand people applied for passports, and of them, 1683.1 thousand have received the same. Under the Government of India initiative, “Passport Aapke Dwar’, Bihar has two new passport service centers and 35 post office passport service centers. This project aims to make passport service more accessible to the residents of Bihar. CHAPTER-VI : PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE be Bihar registered the third highest growth (7.6 percent) in the transport and communication sector during 2011-24, after Uttar Pradesh (10.1 percent) and Karnataka (7.7 percent) among the major states of India, As a result of high growth recorded in this sector, the contribution of this sector has gradually increased and reached Rs, 47,313 ctore in 2023-24 from Rs. 17,545 crore in 2011-12. The contribution of this sector in the overall GSVA has also gone up by 3.0 percentage points from 7.3 percent to 10.2 percent in the same period. Bihar is the third largest state in terms of population, having 8.6 percent of the country’s population in 2011, The state is the 12th largest in the country on account of area holding, which is 2.86 percent of the national area, In terms of road network, Bihar is placed at the 8th position among all Indian states, as of 2019. The expenditure on creation and maintenance of road infrastructure has been steady during the last two decades (2005-25). A significant budget of Rs. 1.13 lakh crore fias been spent on roads and bridges during the last two decades to spread their length and breadth across the state, XXXVICHAPTER-VII : 1 Road network has widened in a substantial manner, Nearly 90 percent of NHs and around 85 percent of SHs are double or more lane; however, 48 percent MDRs are of intermediate type and 32 percent single lane. The state is progressing fast to have four expressways (Varanasi — Ranchi — Kolkata Expressway, Gorakhpur — Siliguri Expressway, Patna — Purnea Expressway, and Raxaul — Haldia Expressway) and some additional NHs in the near future that will change the face of traffic in the state. In order to boost the mural economy and provide hassle-free traffic movement, the State government has strategically invested in creation and maintenance of rural roads. A sum of Rs. 60,000 crore has been spent to achieve the last mile connectivity in rural habitats, and rural paved road increased from 835 kms to 1.17 lakh kms during 2005-25. ‘The road transport sector emerged as one of the growth drivers of Bihar’s economy and grew by three times to Rs, 25,100 crore from Rs. 8400 crore during the last two decades. Bihar is placed at the fifth position in transport motor vehicles registration and seventh in non- transport motor Vehicles registration among major Indian states, The Transport Department has launched two new schemes - Mukhya Mantri Vahan Chalak Kalyan Yojana, 2024 and ‘Mukhya Mantri Prakhand Parivahan Yojana (MMPPY), 2024. Since 2014, Indian Railways has constructed 624 kms of New Lines. has undertaken 739 kms of multi-tracking, 519 kms of Gauge Conversion, 1927 kms of Electrification, 63 Road Over Bridges and 214 Road Under Bridges in Bihar, During the same period, 115 new trains Were introduced for the convenience of passengers. Also, additional stoppages were introduced at many stations for more than 300 pairs of trains. The Patna airport has served nearly 3 crore passengers, carried around 83 thousand tonnes of freight, and registered 24,026 average aircraft movements annually (on an average) during 2014-15 to 2023-24. The scheme expenditure of the Building Construction Department grew by more than 332 times, while the committed and establishment expenditure went up by 4 times only between 2008-09 and 2024-25 (BE). The scheme expenditure surpassed the committed expenditure in 2011-12, A sum of Rs. 4008 crore is to be spent under the scheme expenditure and Rs, 1005 crore under the committed and establishment expenditure during 2024-25 (BE). -GOVERNANCE The State govemment has been continuously strengthening the ICT infrastructure. On an average, two persons in cach family have internet access and almost all panchayats have been onboarded for digital access. The Department of IT has focused on new technologies like Artificial Intelligence Markup Language, Internet of Things, Block Chain, Data Analytics, Cyber Security and Forensics for skilling of youths and for R&D purposes. ‘These technological advancements are being applied for maintenance of law and order in the state, More than 3 crore station diaries have been recorded through Crime and Criminal ‘Tracking Network and System (CCTNS). A criminal database prepared on the basis of face recognition, gang analysis and such advanced features is used for criminal identification, criminal history, speedy arrest, effective crime prevention, detection and control, During the last five years, nearly 10 lakh criminals’ data have been uploaded to the system. XXxVii3. The Emergency Response Support System (ERS), through Dial 112, attends 68,000 calls per day and provides prompt response in 15 minutes to the needy person, Surakshit Safer Suvidha application was launched under ERSS 2.0 in September, 2024 for safe journey of women travellers, A total of 70,057 complaints of financial frauds were registered till November 2024, After verifying these frauds, 3668 FIRs were lodged. Cyber cells in different districts and cyber police stations received 15.72 lakh calls regarding cybercrime. A total of 560 cybercriminals have been arrested. 4. To enforce traffic rule, Rs. 120 crore has been collected through e-challans issued to 19 lakh traffic violators till September, 2024. Through the Integrated Mining Management Information System, 43.19 lakh e-Challans have been generated, and 9.13 crore MT sand and 1.08 crore MT stones have been dispatched. 82,112 mineral-carrying vehicles with GPS have been registered, 410 weighbridges integrated and 247 Ghats have been geo-fenced till September, 2024 5. Under the Land Settlement and Record Modernisation Programme, the Revenue and Land Reforms Department took many ICT initiatives to enhance transparency in automated processes further and to intervene in the untouched sectors in Revenue where IT and ICT penetration can change the game, like Land Acquisition, Consolidation and also in the ongoing Bihar Special Land Survey in 2024. 6. CFMS-2.0, VATMIS, GST Single Sign-on, GAIN Portal, e-stamping, e-registration, e-Property Tax System, ete. have proven to be the game-changer in the area of fiscal govemance, The State government proactively implemented technological innovations to improve disaster management and e-green initiatives for sustainable environment. 7. E-Shikshakosh has integrated several independent systems like Shaala Siddhi, BEST, UDISE+, Online Medba Sofi, etc, to ensure a robust governance of schools and effective service delivery. It serves as a single centralized dynamic platform for monitoring all key parameters to ensure effective delivery of quality education by the schools in the state. The Bihar Health Application Visionary Yojana for All (BHAVYA) is providing a one-stop digital platform that supports everyday functions at the government health facilities of Bihar and streamlines the OPD and IPD functionalities, right from a patient’s registration till discharge. Additionally, the technology under Poshan Tracker is being leveraged for dynamic identification of stunting, wasting, under-weight prevalence among children and last-mile tracking of nutrition service delivery. CHAPTER-VIII_: POWER SECTOR 1, Demand for power in Bihar has increased substantially in the last decade. In order to meet the power demand, the State government has ensured almost cent-percent power supply and thus the energy deficit has been continuously declining, In fact, the state recorded an energy surplus of 4034 MU in 2022-23. The peak demand increased by almost 1.4 times during 2017-18 to 2023-24, while power supply also increased by 1.5 times during the same period. XXXVili2. — The estimated demand for power for the domestic consumers is substantial and it is projected to constitute 41 percent of the total power consumption. In addition, agriculture connections are estimated to account for 13 percent of energy consumption, while the rest 46 percent is provided to the non-domestic consumers (such as industrial, commercial, etc). The Per Capita Consumption of energy in the state has almost tripled from 134 kwh in 2012 t0 363 kwh in 2024, It has registered an increase of 229 kwh in the last 12 years, Financially, Bihar has made substantial progress, with the aggregate technical and commercial (AT & C) losses declining from 45.0 percent in 2012-13 to 21.7 percent in 2023-24 4, The state’s commitment to providing sustainable power is evident from continuous infrastructural development in the power transmission network. The number of grid substations increased from 45 in 2005 to 179 in October 2024, while the length of transmission lines expanded from 5000 circuit kilometres (chm) in 2005 to 20393 ckm in 2024. These developments have laid a strong foundation for providing reliable, quality and sustainable power to meet the growing demands of the population and industries. 5. The generation and purchase of power (net of central transmission loss) in Bihar increased from 32,071 MU in 2020-21 to 47,295 MU in 2023-24, implying an increase of 15,224 MU in three years, With the increase in power consumption, the revenue realization has also increased. The cost coverage was 88.1 percent in 2020-21, which increased to 95.1 percent in 2023-24, 6. Inthe power generation segment, in line with the Central government's targets, the state is focusing on inereasing the share of renewable energy. Meanwhile, the transmission infrastructure is being developed to cater to the additional generation capacity, especially in renewable energy, It is planned to produce around 1 Gigawatt (GW) of renewable power in the coming years. CHAPTER-IX : RURAL DEVELOPMENT 1. JEEVIKA is instrumental in enhancing the socio-economic status of the marginalised communities in Bihar, As of September 2024, 1,063.5 thousand Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and 71.1 thousand Village Organizations (VOs) have been formed. Additionally, through 2,198.4 thousand SHGs’ credit linkages (inclusive of Ist, Ind, 3rd and 4th credit linkage), a cumulative amount of Rs. 46.9 thousand crore has been extended as bank eredit to SHGs. 2. To encourage women’s entrepreneurship, JEEVIKA initiated a pilot project in 2023-24 10 promote individual financing for women-led enterprises. This intervention is critical for enabling SHG members to access the funds needed to expand their businesses. The pilot project was initiated in Patna, Vaishali, and Nalanda and extended to 70 blocks across 14 districts. By September 2024, the banks have sanctioned loans to 4,846 enterprises, 3. Under the Satat Jeevikoparjan Yojana, 2,01,218 houscholds have been identified and trained to undertake income-generating activities. The initiative aims to build confidence and develop enterprise skills among the identified households, Upon completion of training, a Livelihood Investment Fund of Rs. 2 lakh (maximum) is allocated to each targeted household for asset creation. XXXIX4, Eyen though the number of job cards under MGNREGS issued to households has decreased from 171.6 lakh in 2019-20 to 136.0 lakh in 2023-24, the number of households provided with employment has increased from 33.7 lakh in 2019-20 to 48.2 lakh in 2023-24. Moreover, the number of days of employment generated has also increased from 1416.2 lakh person-days in 2019-20 to 2205.3 lakh person-days in 2023-24, an increase of 55.7 percent. 5. Under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) and Homestead Land Distribution Scheme, 18,297 homeless families from the EBC and 10,058 from the BC categories were surveyed. Among them, 14,617 EBC and 7,789 BC families have been provided with land, In 2023-24, Rs. 204.56 lakh was allocated for the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP), Moreover, 15,075 SC and 69,658 Mahadalit homeless families were surveyed. Of these, 11,436 and 59,003 famili espectively, were provided with land, 6. The number of PDS outlets increased from 48,512 in 2021 to 49,400 in 2024, The share of SC and BC-owned PDS outlets has risen between 2022 and 2024, In 2023-24, 1086.7 thousand tonnes of wheat and 3924.9 thousand tonnes of rice have been allotted, out of which, 1079.9 thousand tonnes of wheat and 3911.5 thousand tonnes of rice have been lifted For construction of Panchayat Sarkar Bhawans (PSBs), Rs. 1000.00 crore was provided to the Local Area Engineering Organization (LAEO) from the state plan head in 2023-24, Additionally, Rs. 636.00) crore has been made available from the state plan head in 2024-25. As of September 2024, 1,474 PSBs have been completed, and 1,463 have been handed over to the respective Panchayats. 8. Under the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM), the number of proposed works surged from 579 to 2,623, between 2020-21 and 2024-25 (up to September 2024), A complementary funding of Rs. 52.3 crore has been provided through the Critical Gap Fund (CGF) in 2024-25. Till September 2024, 827 projects were completed, reflecting significant progress in the mission. CHAPTER-X : URBAN DEVELOPMENT 1. The budget of the Department of Urban Development and Housing has substantially increased by 227 percent, rising from Rs, 3587.6 crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 1742.6 erore in 2023-24. Over the last five years, the percentage of expenditure has also shown significant improvement, increasing from 34.3 percent in 2019-20 to 77.4 percent in 2023-24, As of September 2024, 18.47 lakh households have received water connections within their premises under the Mukhyamantri Shahri Peyajal Nishchay Yojana, Moreover, ULBs and BUIDCO have executed the scheme in 3158 wards out of 3398, providing piped water connections to 14.58 lakh households. wy 3. Under the National Mission for Clean Ganga, the total expenditure for 2023-24 amounted to Rs. 473.77 crore. Specifically, the expenditures for the sewerage network and the interception and diversion drainage (including STP) work were Rs, 279.95 crore and Rs. 190.74 crore, respectively. xl‘The State government has implemented the Storm Water Drainage Scheme for 25 projects, with the total cost of Rs, 2646.37 crore in 20: disbursed. 3-24, of which Rs. 1218.11 crore has been ‘The number of SHGs formed under the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana — National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) was 5.154, with 48,296 new members added in 2023- 24, Furthermore, during the same period, 181 Area-Level Federations (ALFs) and four City- Level Federations were established, Moreover, 3,653 SHGs have received a Revolving Fund (RF). For the Patna Metro Rail Project, Rs. 3402.09 crore has been allocated, comprising Rs. 872.50 crore from the Central goyernment and Rs, 2529.59 crore from the State government. For 2024-25, a provision of Rs. 380.00 crore has been made for the project. For municipal bodies, self-generated income and income from external sources are two major sources of revenue. In 2023-24, holding taxes accounted for 70.9 percent of the total self-generated income of Rs, 14031.7 lakh, The most significant extemal source of revenue was revenue grants, which contributed 76.8 percent to the total income from external sources in 2023-24, CHAPTER - XI: FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 1. Financial institutions play a crucial role in the economy, acting as the backbone that supports various financial activities. They provide essential capital at lower costs, promote investment sectors, and stimulate economic growth. Besides lending money, these institutions offer services that ensure safe and regulated financial transactions. Financial institutions are shifting from traditional brick-and-mortar locations to digital infrastructure, allowing them to reach more consumers, including those in remote 8, while reducing costs, A prime example is India's rapid growth of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and the widespread use of Internet and Mobile banking ‘The banking landscape in the state has changed significantly, with a notable rise in Customer Service Points (CSPs), or Bank Mitras, compared to traditional full-service bank branches. From March 31, 2020 to March 31, 2024, the number of CSPs in Bihar increased from 20,994 to 57,589, marking a growth rate of 174.3 percent, In contrast, full-service bank branches grew by only 6.0 percent, rising from 7,589 to 8,045, This shift highlights CSPs as the primary avenue for expanding ‘e8S 10 financial services in the state, ‘As of March 31, 2024, the state has 8,045 Bank branches. Notably, 46.9 percent of these branches are located in rural areas, 31.7 percent are in semi-urban areas, and 21.4 percent are in urban areas. Public Sector Banks have the largest network in the state, comprising 3,979 branches. This is followed by Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) with 2,105 branches, and Private Sector Banks with 1,329 branches. Co-operative and Small Finance Banks (SFB) have 290 and 342 branches, respectively. xli5. As of September 2024, banks in Bihar had collected deposits amounting to Rs. 5.27 lakh crore, while advances made by these institutions reached Rs. 2.97 lakh crore, resulting ina Credit-Deposit (CD) ratio of 56.3 percent. Furthermore, the Credit-to-Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) ratio in Bihar has consistently increased over the past five years, rising from 27.5 percent in 2019-20 to 39.9 percent in 2023-24. 6. For the 2023-24 financial year, banks in Bihar set a target for the Annual Credit Plan (ACP) at Rs, 2.6 lakh crore, and the achievement was 96.3 percent, As of March 31, 2024, the percentage Non-Performing Asset ratios for the two largest bank groups in Bihar, ‘Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), stood at 5.9 percent and 23.8 percent, respectively. CHAPTER-XIL : HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, 1, Investments in the social sector leads to broader benefits for the economy, In the last 18 years, the expenditure on social services in the state has increased by 13 times between 2005- 06 and 2023-24. Following the same pattern, expenditure on health increased by 13 times and that on education increased by 10 times. Also, the share of social services in the total expenditure between 2005-06 and 2023-24 recorded an increase of 4.5 percentage points, Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) is a proxy indicator for improvements in nutrition, education, sanitation, and knowledge of diseases, The LEB for Bihar has undergone a significant change from 65.8 in 2006-10 to 69.5 years in 2016-20, registering an increase of 3.7 years in a decade. The LEB of Bihar in 2016-20 has increased by 3.5 years in the rural and 4.0 years the urban areas as compared to 2006-10. 3. The performance of health care systems in Bihar is reflected in the average monthly patient visits to government hospitals, In 2023, the number of patients visiting hospitals per month was 10,914, denoting an increase of 92.01 percent over 5684 in 2020. Moreover, it is remarkable to note that between April and September 2024, the average number of patients Visiting hospitals each month was even higher at 11705, 4, Increase in institutional deliveries mean reduction in maternal end neonatal mortality. In Bihar, between 2018-19 and 2023-24, the number of institutional deliveries increased considerably from 16,02 lakh to 16.52 lakh, registering an increase of 3.12 percent. A well- implemented immunization programme that targets everyone significantly helps in decreasing the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases. The proportion of children aged 12-23 months in Bihar who are fully immunized has risen significantly from 11.6 percent (NFHS-2, 1998-99) to 71.0 percent in 2019-20 (NFHS-S), reflecting an increase of 59.4 percentage points. Education is an essential component of the social sector whieh is in the concurrent list. The total expenditure on education in Bihar has increased from Rs. 23618 crore in 2018-19 to Rs, 43224 crore in 2023-24. The annual growth rate of total expenditure on education has been as high as 13.9 percent during this period. In all these years. elementary education has the highest share of the total expenditure, compared to the other two categories. xiiiThe Bihar Student Credit Card Yojana is a transformative initiative designed to enhance educational accessibility and equity in Bihar, The scheme emphasizes gender equity and supports marginalized groups like differently-abled and transgender students with significantly lower interest rates. It directly contributes to improving the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education and aligns with the state's broader socio-economic development goals. Till September, 2024-25, loans amounting to Rs. 527.42 crore were sanctioned to male students and those amounting to Rs. 236.0 crore sanctioned to female students, With the aim of women empowerment, the total expenditure on women increased by 90 percent between 2018-19 and 2022-23. In the same period, the expenditure under Category- 1 increased by 2.3 times and under Category-II increased by 1.7 times, On an average, the share of women in the total budget in these five years has been around 18.1 percent and the total outlays for women was around 5.6 percent of GSDP. To enhance the safety of women and instill a sense of security among those travelling in Bihar, the “Surakhsit Safar Suvidha” initiative was launched by the Police (Home Department), Bihar is the third state to implement such a scheme, following Telangana and Haryana, of December 2024, the initiative has successfully assisted in all 70 requests received since its launch. CHAPTER-XIIL : CHILD DEVELOPMENT 1 Bihar has 4.98 crore children, of which 4.47 crore (89.9 percent) live in rural areas and 0.50 crore (10.1 percent) in urban areas, As per gender particulars, 2.35 crore children are female and 2.62 crore are male (in the age bracket of 0-18 years). The distribution of the child population across different age-groups is — 0-6 years (38.4 percent), 7-14 years (45.4 percent) and 15-18 years (16.2 percent). There has been a consistent rise in the child budget allocation in Bihar during the last six years, Between 2016-17 and 2022-23, the expenditure for children has increased at an annual rate of 19.4 percent, In the same period, the per capita expenditure increased by 2.8 times from Rs. 3275 in 2016-17 to Rs. 9131 in 2022-23. The average share of expenditure on child development in the total state budget lies at around 18 percent, with some year-to-year variation, Likewise, the share of expenditure as percentage of GSDP is around 5 percent. On comparing NFHS 4 and 5, it is seen that the stunting of children under 5 years in Bihar has come down from 48.3 percent to 42.9 percent, registering a decline of 5.4 percentage points. Also, in the case of underweight children, the figures have come down from 43.9 percent to 41.0 percent, indicating a decrease of 2.9 percentage points. The Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) now known as Anganwadi Services is a holistic programme for early childhood. The overall budget for ICDS in Bihar, including state initiatives, rose from Rs. 3800.18 crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 4611.53 crore in 2023-24, indicating an increase at the rate of 4.3 percent annually. Likewise, the budget allocated for nutrition under ICDS grew at an annual rate of 1.3 percent, inereasing from Rs. 1791.89 crore in 2019-20 to Rs. 2064.72 crore in 2023-24. xiii‘To encourage sports and to promote infrastructure for sports for youths and especially school children and girls in the rural areas of the state, it has been decided to develop playgrounds under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, With the development of sports facilities in the rural areas, children and youths will get an opportunity to showcase their talent at the national and international lev CHAPTER-XIV : ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND _ DISASTER MANAGEMENT Considering climatic risks and their intended consequences, the state has focused on adaptation and mitigation of climate change issues and has been bringing a Green Budget since 2021. Preparation of the State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) is in an inable environmental ini the green cover in the state advance stage, Along with sus is gradually increasing. ‘The contribution of the forestry and logging sector in the Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at current (2011-12) prices grew by 10.7 percent from Rs, 4187 crore in 2011-12 to Rs, 13,549 crore in 2023-24. The expenditures on climate-related issues have increased more than four times from Rs, 3308 crore in 2020-21 to Rs, 13,823 crore in 2024-25 (BE). As per the India State of Forest Report (2023), the forest cover in Bihar has increased by 687 sq. km, during 2011-2023. Between 2011 and 2023, open forests grew by 527 sq km, followed by very dense forest area, which has increased by 156 sq km. Open forests constitute more than half of the forests, while moderately dense forests contribute 44 percent. estimated to be 58451 thousand tonnes. Ths increase of 1570 thousand tonnes of carbon stock between 2021 and 2023. The carbon stock for 2023 hes been Under the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali Mission, the State government has planted 1573 lakh saplings during 2019-24, which boost green cover, minimize pollution, increase public participation, generate farmers” income, and balance environment and development. The State government has been protecting wildlife and biodiversity, including the establishment of tiger reserves, animal and bird sanctuaries, and community reserves in the state, In 2023-24, a total of Rs. 1428 crore has been spent under the Centrally sponsored scheme of Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats (IDWH), including Project Elephant, of which the state share is Rs. 626 crore, Apart from this, the State government has spent Rs. 716 crore through the state scheme for Biodiversity and Wildlife Protection. The Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) consistently oversees the quality of ambient air by utilizing 35 Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations that are set up across 23 districts within the state, The Board is also looking to establish Real-Time Monitoring Stations in the remaining 15 districts of Bihar. The BSPCB monitors the water quality of Ganga at 34 locations fortnightly, in addition to its tributaries and ponds at 70 locations on a monthly basis. The BSPCB is monitoring the noise levels in a number of neighbourhoods in Patna to reduce noise pollution. xlivBihar has ample surface water and groundwater resources, which are regularly replenished by various rivers and their tributaries, as well as by rainfall, particularly during the southwest monsoon. The condition of surface water infrastructure in the state as of 2023 shows that there are 968 canals, 4819 tubewells, 464 tanks (including Ahar pynes, ponds, and check dams), and 26 reservoirs. Also, to check water quality, a Water Quality Monitoring Protocol and an effective surveillance system has been established. It has been mandated to conduet the testing of water sample once in two months for arsenic and fluoride in the areas impacted, once in four months in wards affected by iron, and assessment is done at least twice in a year in wards not affected by quality issues. The prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response measures for disasters are very important to develop a comprehensive and effective plan which helps in reducing the loss of life and property. The State government allocated Rs, 4237.33 crore for management of floods and cyclones in the state during 2021-22 to 2023-24, Also, in 2024-25, till September, Rs. 112.8 crore was allocated for management of disasters. To enhance public awareness and safeguard communities from disasters, a total of 30.132 Jeevika cadres were trained in Natural Disaster Management. xlv