PRACTICE 1

I. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.

1. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for
material scientists and engineers __________ in micro- and nano- fabrication. Among
notable advances in this field __________ DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid
materials.
A. interested/ are B. interested/ is
C. are interested / is D. are interested / are
2. The immune systems may become too aggressive in trying to fight Covid-19 and as a
result may cause __________ damage to other organs.
A. cell B. cells C. cellular D. cellularly
3. Even small ____________ in calcium level can impair muscle and nerve function.
A. variation B. variations C. vary D. variety
4. Found only in the heart, cardiac muscle is responsible for __________ blood
throughout the body. Cardiac muscle tissue cannot be controlled __________, so it is
an involuntary muscle.
A. pumping/ consciously B. pumping/ unconsciously
C. pump/ consciously D. pump/ unconsciously
5. Patients should also be encouraged to remain __________ active as much as
possible.
A. physical B. physically C. physic D. physician
6. Hormones are chemical messengers __________ by the body. They transfer
information from one set of cells to another __________ the functions of different parts
of the body.
A. created/ to coordinate B. that are created/ coordinates
C. created/ coordinates D. creating/ to coordinate
7. The trapezius is a sheet of muscle that ________ from the neck across the back
shoulder.
A. that extend B. extends C. extending D. All are correct.
8. Patients should __________ tasks that are less important to do in their daily lives.
A. deprioritize B. deprioritizing C. deprioritized D. prioritize
9. If there is no pain, the principal signs may be __________ (impaired absorption of
nutrients by the lining of the small intestine, resulting in diarrhoea and weight loss) or
diabetes mellitus (a disorder caused by insufficient or absent production of the hormone
insulin).
A. absorbed B. absorbing C. malabsorption D. absorption
10. Special muscles in the wall of the scrotum ________ it to contract and relax, moving
the testicles closer to the body for ________ or farther away from the body to cool the
temperature.

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 A. allows/ warm B. allow/ warmth
C. allowing/ warmly D. allowed/ warmth
11. Some common neurological issues are memory loss, __________, and cognitive
impairment.

A. tremor B. tremors C. tremored D. tremoring

12. The largest region of the brain is the cerebrum, ________ of two halves known as
the left and right hemispheres.
A. that consists B. consists C. consisted D. which consists
13. While the vestibular apparatus contains sensory receptors for _________ , the
cochlea contains the sensory receptors for _________.
A. balance/ position B. position/ hearing
C. hearing/ balance D. position/ balance
14. In rare cases, the thyroid gland is absent at birth, producing cretinism. When
untreated, this congenital hypothyroidism is ____________ by severely stunted physical
and mental growth.
A. characterised B. referred C. compared D. responded
15. __________ means pain in the breast caused by congestion during lactation, or
other causes.
A. Ostalgia B. Mastalgia C. Urodynia D. Arthralgia
16. A cytokine storm may cause significant tissue __________ and organ damage.
A. inflamed B. inflame C. inflammatory D. inflammation
17. Early __________ through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer.
The __________ of screening in breast cancer are controversial.
A. detection/ benefit B. detect/ beneficial
C. detection/ benefits D. detected/ benefits
18. Nails feel a great deal harder than skin __________ they contain large amounts of a
special kind of keratin __________ hard keratin.
A. because/ called B. although/ known as
C. nevertheless/ called as D. moreover/ known
19. Osteoporosis is a health condition __________ bones, __________ them fragile
and more likely to break.
A. which weakens/ make B. weakens/ making
C. that weakens / making D. weaking/ make
20. Osteoporosis develops slowly over several years and is often only _________ when
a fall or sudden impact causes a bone to break (fracture).
A. diagnose B. diagnosing C. diagnoses D. diagnosed

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21. The doctor relied so heavily on bloodletting as a treatment that he probably
_________ more people than he cured.
A. kill B. killed C. killing D. being killed
22. Researchers suggest that chronic pain is a behavior state, initiated by a
____________ injury.
A. real B. imagine C. old D. good
23. The medicine did nothing to _____________ her discomfort.
A. associate B. alleviate C. relieve D. B&C
24.Thermogenesis is related to some conditions that _________ the metabolism.
A. affect B. effect C. affecting D. affected
25. All humans have a complete set of __________ with slight differences that
__________ each person unique.
A. gene/ make B. genes/ make C. genetic/ makes D. genetically/ makes
26. _________ patients did not seem to be an effective method for treating this disease.
A. Isolation B. Isolating C. Isolated D. Being isolation
27. Nociceptors ____________ information about intense heat, extreme pressure,
sharp pricks or cuts, or other events that can cause body damage.
A. receiving B. are received C. receipt D. receive
28. Marine mammals maintain body core temperatures of about 36-38°C with
_________ rates about the same as those of land mammals of similar size.
A. metabolic B. metabolism C. metabolize D. metabolizing
29. Dr. James was significant because he was the one who _________ the cause of the
disease.
A. discovered B. discovering C. discovery D. being discovered
30. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that
may __________ health.
A. repair B. impair C. prepare D. declare
II. FIND THE MISTAKE.
1. The kidneys play a central role in excretion of many metabolic breakdown products,
include ammonia, urea and creatinine from protein, and uric acid from nucleic acids,
drugs and toxins.
2. These days, the term ‘cretin’ is rarely used as it has negatively connotations in
popular speech.
3. Hair, which is also made of keratin, cover the majority of the surface area of the body.
4. The ureters drain urine from the renal pelvis and delivers it to the bladder, a muscular
organ that lies anteriorly in the lower part of the pelvis, just behind the pubic bone.
5. Bone cells, or osteocytes, is embedded in a hard substance called matrix.

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6. The glands produce parathyroid hormone, which helps to regulate the level of
calcium in the blood. Even small variations in calcium level can impairs muscle and
nerve function.
7. Twenty-four hours from the time the material passed the lips and entered the
gastrointestinal system, waste products will have arrived in the rectum to defecate.
8. Insulin lowers the blood sugar level by instruct the liver to take glucose out of
circulation and store it, while glucagon instructs the liver to release some of its stored
supply to raise the blood sugar level.
9. If you are diagnose with high blood pressure, your doctor may recommend taking 1 or more
medicines to keep it under control.
10. The unique material properties of DNA has made it an attractive molecule for
material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano- fabrication. Among
notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.
11. Some people with high blood pressure may also need take 1 or more medicines to stop
their blood pressure getting too high.
12. Visible haematuria is most likely to cause by tumour, which can affect any part of
the urogenital tract. Other common causes of visible haematuria are urine infection and
stones.
III. GAP-FILLING
Skin cancer — the 1. _______ growth of skin cells — most often develops on skin
exposed to the sun. But this common form of cancer can also occur on areas of your skin
not ordinarily exposed to sunlight.
There are three major types of skin cancer — basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell
carcinoma and melanoma.
You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by 2. _______ or avoiding exposure to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation. Checking your skin for suspicious changes can help detect skin cancer at
its earliest stages. Early detection of skin cancer gives you the 3. _______ chance for
successful skin cancer treatment.
Where skin cancer develops
Skin cancer develops 4. _______ on areas of sun-exposed skin, including the scalp, face,
lips, ears, neck, chest, arms and hands, and on the legs in women. But it can also form
on areas that rarely see the light of day — your palms, beneath your fingernails or
toenails, and your genital area.
Skin cancer affects people of all skin tones, including those with darker complexions.
When melanoma occurs in people with dark skin tones, it's more likely 5. _______ in
areas not normally exposed to the sun, such as the palms of the hands and soles of the
feet.
Basal cell carcinoma signs and symptoms
Basal cell carcinoma usually 6. _______ in sun-exposed areas of your body, such as your
neck or face.

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Basal cell carcinoma may appear as:
• A pearly or waxy bump
• A flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion
• A bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and returns
Squamous cell carcinoma signs and symptoms
Most often, squamous cell carcinoma occurs on sun-exposed areas of your body, such
as your face, ears and hands. People with darker skin are more likely to develop
squamous cell carcinoma on areas 7. _______ aren't often exposed to the sun.
Squamous cell carcinoma may appear as:
• A firm, red nodule
• A flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface
Melanoma signs and symptoms
Melanoma can develop anywhere on your body, in otherwise normal skin or in an existing
mole that becomes 8. _______. Melanoma most often appears on the face or the trunk
of affected men. In women, this type of cancer most often develops on the lower legs. In
both men 9. _______ women, melanoma can occur on skin that hasn't been exposed to
the sun.
Melanoma can affect people of any skin tone. In people with darker skin tones, melanoma
tends to occur on the palms or soles, or under the fingernails or toenails.
Melanoma signs include:
• A large brownish spot with darker speckles
• A mole that changes in color, size or feel or that bleeds
• A small lesion 10. _______ an irregular border and portions that appear red, pink,
white, blue or blue-black
• A painful lesion that itches or burns
• Dark lesions on your palms, soles, fingertips or toes, or on mucous membranes
lining your mouth, nose, vagina or anus.
1 A normal B normally C abnormal D abnormally
2 A limiting B limited C limits D limit
3 A great B greater C greatest D most greatest
4 A primary B primarily C secondary D secondarily
5 A occur B to be occurred C occurring D to occur
6 A occur B occurs C occurring D that occurs
7 A which B who C that D A & C are correct
8 A cancerous B cancer C cancerously D cancered
9 A or B and C with D but
10 A for B of C with D in

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IV. FIND THE SYNONYM
1. The alimentary canal is composed of eight organs: the mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach and small intestine, the large intestines, rectum, and the anal canal and anus.
A. comprised B. constructed C. made D. All are correct
2. The tongue then rolls the now moist and manageable-sized portions back toward the
throat.
A. larynx B. pharynx C. esophagus D. trachea
3. The heart is a cone-shaped hollow organ situated in the central part of the chest. Its
apex is directed towards the diaphragm.
A. located B. remained C. directed D. injected
4. Shortness of breath is often described as an intense tightening in the chest, air
hunger, difficulty breathing, breathlessness or a feeling of suffocation.
A. hyperpnea B. hypopnea C. tachypnea D. dyspnea
5. Accessory organs such as the liver and pancreas are located adjacent to the GI
system. They supply enzymes and hormones that further facilitate digestion and
metabolism of the ingested material.
A. opposite B. behind C. near to D. superior to
6. The return of the blood to the heart takes place through venules and veins.
A. boosters B. disappears C. improves D. happens
7. Chewing breaks larger pieces of solid materials into smaller pieces.
A. Mastication B. Alleviation C. Defecation D. Digestion
8. Your skin has two types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine. Eccrine glands
occur over most of your body and open directly onto the surface of your skin. Apocrine
glands open into the hair follicle, leading to the surface of the skin.
A. oil glands B. sudoriferous glands
C. sebaceous glands D. All are correct
9. Platelets are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation
factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a
blood clot.
A. plasma B. leukocytes C. thrombocytes D. erythrocytes
10. The main components of the cardiovascular system (CVS) are the heart, the blood
vessels and the blood.
A. minor B. major C. right D. wrong