6

(i) Amylase breaks starch down into reducing sugars.

Outline how the students could show that reducing sugars are present in a solution.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 24]

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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a photograph of a section through the pond plant as seen under a light
microscope.

A B

Fig. 2.2

(i) Make a large drawing of Fig. 2.2 to show the position of the outermost layer of cells and
the central core.

Do not draw any of the individual cells or air spaces.

[3]

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(ii) The central core is called the stele. Label the stele on your diagram. [1]

(iii) The diameter of the section in the photograph in Fig. 2.2 is shown by the line AB.

Measure the length of AB on Fig. 2.2.

Length of AB on Fig. 2.2 ......................................... mm

The actual diameter of the section is 7.5 mm.

The magnification of Fig. 2.2 can be calculated using the following equation:

length of AB
magnification =
actual diameter of the section

Calculate the magnification of Fig. 2.2 using the information above and your answer
for AB.

Show your working.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

magnification .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 16]

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2 Fig. 2.1 is a photograph of a cross-section of a vascular bundle in a leaf.

Line AB shows the length of the vascular bundle.

$ [\OHP
YHVVHO

SKORHP
WXEH

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Make a large drawing to show the different regions of the vascular bundle shown in
Fig. 2.1.
Do not draw any individual cells.
Identify and label on your drawing the position of the xylem vessel as shown in Fig. 2.1.

[5]
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(ii) Measure the length of line AB as shown on Fig. 2.1. Include the unit.

Length of AB ...............................................................

Mark on your drawing a line in the same position as AB.

Measure the line you have drawn.

Length of line on drawing ...............................................................

length of line on drawing

magnification =
length of AB

Calculate the magnification of your drawing using the information above and your
answers.

Show your working.

magnification ...............................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2016 0610/61/M/J/16

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(c) Fig. 2.1 shows a photomicrograph of a cross section of an artery from a mammal.

X Y

Fig. 2.1

(i) Make a large diagram of this cross section to show the layers forming the wall of the
artery.

[3]
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(ii) Measure the diameter of the lumen of the artery between points X and Y on Fig. 2.1.
Include the unit.

Diameter of the lumen on Fig. 2.1 .....................................................................................

Draw a line in the same position on your drawing and measure the diameter of the lumen
on your drawing.

Diameter of the lumen on your drawing ............................................................................

diameter of the lumen on your drawing

magnification =
diameter of the lumen on Fig. 2.1

Calculate the magnification of your drawing using the equation given and your answers.

Show your working.

magnification ...............................................................
[3]

[Total: 19]

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(h) Fig. 2.4 shows a section of a stem as seen under a light microscope.

A B

Fig. 2.4

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Make a large drawing of the section of the stem contained in the square on Fig. 2.4 to show
the different structures and layers.

Do not draw any individual cells.

[4]

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(i) (i) The diameter of the stem in Fig. 2.4 is shown by the line AB.

Measure the length of AB on Fig. 2.4.

measured length of line AB ................................................... mm [1]

(ii) The actual diameter of the stem is 7.5 mm.

The magnification of Fig. 2.4 can be calculated using the following equation:

length of AB
magnification =
actual diameter of stem

Calculate the magnification of Fig. 2.4 using the information above and your answer
to (i).

Show your working.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

magnification .......................................................... [1]

[Total: 21]
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2 A student placed the cut end of a celery stick into a coloured dye as shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1

The student left the celery stick in the dye for five minutes and then removed it.

The student cut a 0.5 cm slice from the end of the celery stick that had been in the dye.

The cut surface of the celery stick is shown in Fig. 2.2.

A B

Fig. 2.2

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(a) Make a large drawing of the piece of celery shown in Fig. 2.2.

Label, with the letter D, a part of the celery stick that has been coloured by the dye.

[4]

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(b) The size of the piece of celery in Fig. 2.2 is shown by the line AB.

Measure the length of AB on Fig. 2.2.

length of AB on Fig. 2.2 …………………………… mm

Mark on your drawing a line in the same position as the line AB on Fig 2.2.

Measure this line.

length of line on drawing………………………………………..mm

length of line on drawing

magnification =
length of AB

Calculate the magnification of your drawing using the information above and your answers.

Show your working.

Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

magnification ...............................................................
[3]

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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows five stamens (anthers and filaments) from an insect pollinated flower, Gloriosa
superba.

Fig. 2.2

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(i) Make a large labelled drawing of the stamen enclosed by the box on Fig. 2.2.

[4]

(ii) Measure the length of the filament on Fig. 2.2.

Include the unit.

Length of filament on Fig. 2.2 ............................................................................................

Measure the length of the filament on your drawing.

Draw a line on your drawing to show where you measured the filament.

Length of filament on your drawing ...................................................................................

length of filament on your drawing

magnification =
length of filament on Fig. 2.2

Calculate the magnification of your drawing using the information above and your
answers.

Show your working.

magnification .............................................
[3]

[Total: 11]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows red onion cells, viewed through a microscope, that have been immersed in a strong
salt solution.

In a red onion cell the dark red pigment is located in the vacuole of the cell.

M N

magnification ×50

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Make a large drawing of three of the cells shown in Fig. 2.1.

On one of the cells label the vacuole.

[5]

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Fig. 2.2 shows red onion cells, viewed through a microscope, that have been immersed
in a weak salt solution.

magnification ×50

Fig. 2.2

(ii) Measure the observed maximum length of the vacuole shown by the line MN on Fig. 2.1.

......................................................... mm

Measure the observed maximum length of the vacuole shown by the line PQ on Fig. 2.2.

......................................................... mm

Calculate the percentage increase in the length of the vacuole.

Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.

................................................................
[3]

(b) State one visible similarity between the cells in Fig. 2.1 and the cells in Fig. 2.2.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 9]

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2 Fig. 2.1 is a photomicrograph of some blood cells.

phagocytes

nuclei

lymphocyte

red blood cells

magnification ×1500

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) State two visible differences between the red blood cells and the white blood cells
(phagocytes and lymphocytes) in Fig. 2.1.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Make a large drawing of the two cells labelled phagocytes in Fig. 2.1.

[4]
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(f) Fig. 1.3 shows a photograph of a slice of orange.

Fig. 1.3

Draw a large diagram of the slice of orange.

[4]

[Total: 26]

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2 The small intestine is involved in the digestion and absorption of food.

Fig. 2.1 shows a photomicrograph of cross-sections of villi in the small intestine.

villi

magnification ×130

Fig. 2.1

(a) Make a large drawing of the two labelled villi shown in Fig. 2.1.

Do not draw individual cells.

[4]

© UCLES 2017 0610/63/M/J/17