### Chapter 1: Understanding Civics and Ethics
1. What is the primary aim of civic education?
a) To develop military skills
b) To study the rights and responsibilities of citizens
c) To focus solely on religious teachings
d) To promote only economic growth
2. According to Aristotle, citizens should always be
educated to:
a) Suit the constitution of a state
b) Follow religious doctrines
c) Maximize personal wealth
d) Avoid participating in politics
3. Which term refers to the knowledge, means, and
activities designed to encourage active participation in
democratic life?
a) Ethics
b) Morality
c) Civic education
d) Religious education
4. Which of the following is considered a minimal concept
of civic education?
a) Interactive teaching with discussion and debate
b) Content-led, teacher-based, examination-based
assessment
c) Extending learning beyond the classroom
d) Community service projects
5. Ethics is primarily concerned with:
a) Laws and regulations
b) The study of moral beliefs and actions
c) Economic policies
d) Cultural traditions only
6. Morality from a dictionary perspective refers to:
a) Proper behavior and manners
b) Human action pertaining to right and wrong
c) Religious commandments
d) Political duties
7. Which statement best describes the relationship
between ethics and law?
a) All laws are ethical standards
b) Laws are norms approved by the state, while ethics are
broader and evaluate moral conduct
c) Ethics only apply to religious contexts
d) Law and ethics are completely unrelated
8. The main function of a legal system is to:
a) Enforce societal moral and ethical consensus
b) Promote individual greed
c) Replace moral standards
d) Limit personal freedoms
9. Which value is NOT typically associated with the goals
of civic education?
a) Respect for life
b) Fairness
c) Ignorance of responsibilities
d) Peaceful conflict resolution
10. A balanced understanding of rights and duties is
important because:
a) Rights and duties are mutually exclusive
b) Rights imply duties, and duties support rights
c) Rights always override duties
d) Duties are optional in society
11. Which political culture emphasizes low awareness and
passive participation?
a) Parochial culture
b) Participant culture
c) Civic culture
d) Democratic culture
12. According to Almond and Verba, which political culture
is most compatible with democracy?
a) Parochial
b) Subject
c) Participant
d) Totalitarian
13. Active citizenship involves:
a) Only voting in elections
b) Political, social, and environmental participation
c) Ignoring community issues
d) Avoiding social responsibilities
14. Which of the following is a reason for the importance
of civics and ethics education in Ethiopia?
a) To promote blind obedience
b) To create responsible citizens who understand
democratic principles
c) To discourage political participation
d) To focus only on religious studies
15. The interplay between rights and duties suggests that:
a) Rights are absolute and duties are optional
b) Rights imply duties, and exercising rights may impose
responsibilities on others
c) Duties only apply to government officials
d) Rights and duties are unrelated concepts
16. Political culture that recognizes individuals as active
participants and values their input is called:
a) Parochial culture
b) Subject culture
c) Participant culture
d) Authoritarian culture
17. Which ethical theory emphasizes "the means" rather
than "the end"?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Deontology
c) Virtue ethics
d) Egoism
18. Which is a key goal of moral and civic education?
a) To produce citizens who obey laws and respect the
constitution
b) To promote individualism at the expense of society
c) To discourage participation in community service
d) To focus solely on religious adherence
19. Which of these is NOT considered a core value
promoted by civics and ethics education?
a) Fairness
b) Respect for diversity
c) Dishonor and intolerance
d) Peaceful conflict resolution
20. The concept of "active citizenship" includes:
a) Only voting
b) Social, environmental, and political participation
c) Avoiding social issues
d) Personal wealth accumulation
---
### Chapter 2: Approaches to Ethics
21. Which of the following is *not* one of the main types
of prescriptive moral theories?
a) Teleological theories
b) Deontological theories
c) Virtue-based theories
d) Superstitious theories
22. Teleological ethics is often summarized as:
a) "The means justify the end"
b) "The end justifies the means"
c) "Always tell the truth"
d) "Rules are more important than outcomes"
23. Utilitarianism primarily aims to:
a) Maximize pleasure and minimize pain
b) Follow religious commandments strictly
c) Uphold individual rights regardless of consequences
d) Promote virtues over consequences
24. Ethical egoism suggests that one should:
a) Always act for the greatest good of society
b) Act in ways that promote one's own self-interest
c) Obey religious laws only
d) Always sacrifice oneself for others
25. Which theory argues that an action is morally right if it
produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number?
a) Kantian ethics
b) Utilitarianism
c) Virtue ethics
d) Divine Command Theory
26. Ethical egoism can be summarized as:
a) "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"
b) "Look after yourself first"
c) "Help others regardless of personal benefit"
d) "Follow divine commands"
27. Psychological egoism claims that:
a) People are inherently selfish and only act in their own
interest
b) People always act altruistically
c) Morality is based on divine will
d) People are motivated by virtue
28. Which ethical theory emphasizes acting according to
moral duties, regardless of outcomes?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Deontology
c) Virtue ethics
d) Egoism
29. Which of the following is *not* a feature of Kant's
categorical imperative?
a) Act only according to maxims that can be universalized
b) Treat humanity always as an end, never merely as a
means
c) Outcomes determine the morality of an act
d) Act as if the maxim could become a universal law
30. Which theory considers virtues as central to moral
life?
a) Deontology
b) Virtue ethics
c) Consequentialism
d) Divine Command Theory
31. Aristotle's virtue ethics focuses on:
a) Following strict rules
b) Cultivating moral character and virtues
c) The greatest happiness for the greatest number
d) Obedience to divine commands
32. The "Golden Mean" in Aristotle’s virtue ethics refers
to:
a) The extreme of excessive behavior
b) The middle ground between excess and deficiency
c) The complete avoidance of risk
d) The pursuit of wealth
33. Which virtue is considered the mean between
recklessness and cowardice?
a) Courage
b) Temperance
c) Justice
d) Wisdom
34. Virtue ethics emphasizes:
a) The importance of character and moral dispositions
b) Strict adherence to rules
c) Calculating consequences
d) Obedience to divine law
35. Which philosopher is associated with the development
of virtue ethics?
a) Immanuel Kant
b) Aristotle
c) Jeremy Bentham
d) John Locke
36. The concept of *arete* in Aristotle’s ethics refers to:
a) Pleasure
b) Virtue or excellence
c) Wealth
d) Honor
37. Which of the following best describes the focus of
virtue ethics?
a) The morality of specific actions
b) The cultivation of good character
c) The maximization of happiness
d) The obedience to divine commands
38. In virtue ethics, what is *phronesis*?
a) Moral virtue
b) Practical wisdom
c) Divine law
d) Pleasure
39. According to Aristotle, happiness (*eudaimonia*) is
primarily achieved through:
a) Accumulating wealth
b) Living in accordance with reason and virtue
c) Following religious rituals
d) Avoiding all pleasures
40. Virtue ethics primarily asks:
a) What should I do?
b) What kind of person should I be?
c) How can I maximize pleasure?
d) What laws should I obey?
### Chapter 3: Ethical Decision Making and Moral
Judgments
41. Which of the following best describes the purpose of
ethical decision-making?
a) To eliminate all conflicts
b) To guide individuals to act morally in complex
situations
c) To obey laws without question
d) To maximize personal pleasure
42. Instrumental good refers to:
a) Things valued for their own sake
b) Things valued for their utility in achieving other goods
c) Religious commandments
d) Virtues like honesty and courage
43. Which of the following is an example of intrinsic good?
a) Wealth for its utility
b) Happiness for its own sake
c) Power to control others
d) Fame
44. Which principle suggests that a person should act only
if their action could be universalized without
contradiction?
a) The Golden Rule
b) The Principle of Utility
c) Kant’s Principle of Universality
d) The Principle of Benevolence
45. The "Golden Rule" suggests:
a) Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
b) Always maximize happiness
c) Follow divine commands strictly
d) Act according to personal desires
46. Which ethical approach primarily focuses on the
motives and intentions behind actions?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Deontology
c) Virtue ethics
d) Egoism
47. In ethical reasoning, what is *moral dilemma*?
a) A conflict between moral principles where both seem
justified
b) A clear-cut choice between right and wrong
c) A situation where laws are broken
d) A religious mandate
48. Which of the following is a typical step in ethical
decision-making?
a) Ignoring conflicting principles
b) Weighing reasons for and against options
c) Relying solely on emotion
d) Following peer pressure
49. Which principle emphasizes the importance of acting
in a way that respects the inherent dignity of all persons?
a) The Principle of Autonomy
b) The Principle of Humanity as an End
c) The Principle of Utility
d) The Principle of Divine Command
50. What does "moral relativism" imply?
a) Moral standards are absolute and universal
b) Moral standards depend on cultural or societal context
c) Morality is based solely on divine law
d) There are no moral standards at all
51. Which approach focuses on developing virtues and
moral character?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Deontology
c) Virtue ethics
d) Rights theory
52. When making a moral judgment, what is *moral
intuition*?
a) A rational calculation of consequences
b) An immediate, instinctive feeling about what is right or
wrong
c) A legal decision
d) A religious command
53. Which of the following best describes *meta-ethics*?
a) The study of moral principles and rules
b) The analysis of the meaning and justification of moral
claims
c) The application of ethics to specific dilemmas
d) The practice of moral behavior
54. According to cognitivists, moral judgments are:
a) Expressed emotions only
b) Capable of being true or false
c) Arbitrary and meaningless
d) Unrelated to beliefs
55. What is *non-cognitivism* in ethics?
a) The view that moral judgments are beliefs that can be
true or false
b) The view that moral judgments express emotions or
attitudes, not beliefs
c) The belief that moral facts exist independently of
human opinion
d) The idea that morality is based solely on divine
commands
56. Internalism about moral motivation claims that:
a) Moral judgments necessarily motivate us to act
b) Motivation depends solely on external rewards
c) Moral judgments are irrelevant to motivation
d) Motivation is only based on rational calculation
57. Which of the following is *not* a typical question
posed by meta-ethics?
a) What does "good" mean?
b) How do we decide what is morally right?
c) How should I act in a specific situation?
d) Do moral facts exist?
58. The *error-theory* in meta-ethics claims that:
a) Moral judgments are true and justified
b) Moral judgments are all false because moral facts do
not exist
c) Moral judgments are subjective but true
d) Moral judgments are based on divine law
59. Which is an example of *deontological ethics*?
a) Choosing actions based on their outcomes
b) Following moral duties regardless of consequences
c) Cultivating virtues for their own sake
d) Maximizing happiness for the greatest number
60. The *categorical imperative* requires us to:
a) Act only according to maxims that can be universal laws
b) Maximize happiness in every situation
c) Follow personal desires and preferences
d) Obey religious commands only
Certainly! Here are the letter answers for **all chapters**
combined:
---
### Chapter 1: Understanding Civics and Ethics
1. **b**
2. **a**
3. **c**
4. **b**
5. **b**
6. **b**
7. **b**
8. **a**
9. **c**
10. **b**
11. **a**
12. **c**
13. **b**
14. **b**
15. **b**
16. **c**
17. **b**
18. **a**
19. **c**
20. **b**
### Chapter 2: Approaches to Ethics
21. **d**
22. **b**
23. **a**
24. **b**
25. **b**
26. **b**
27. **a**
28. **b**
29. **c**
30. **b**
31. **b**
32. **b**
33. **a**
34. **a**
35. **b**
36. **b**
37. **b**
38. **b**
39. **b**
40. **b**
### Chapter 3: Ethical Decision Making and Moral
Judgments
41. **b**
42. **b**
43. **b**
44. **c**
45. **a**
46. **b**
47. **a**
48. **b**
49. **b**
50. **b**
51. **c**
52. **b**
53. **b**
54. **b**
55. **b**
56. **a**
57. **c**
58. **b**
59. **b**
60. **a**
