Lecture-2
Types of Planning:
- Strategic Planning
- Land-Use Planning
- Master Planning
- Urban Revitalization
- Economic Development
- Environmental Planning
- Infrastructure Planning
Types of Planning
1.Strategic Planning:
Focuses on setting high-level goals and determining desired areas
of growth for a city or metropolitan area.
The result of the planning process is a strategic plan- also called the development
plan or comprehensive plan.
The strategic plan’s goals may include easing transportation throughout the city,
creating more community spaces, improving citizens’ quality of life, or encouraging
people to visit or move to the city.
This is generally the highest level of the planning process and other components of
planning typically will fit into this type of plan.
Types of Planning
2. Land-Use Planning:
Largely concerns legislation and policy, adopting planning instruments
like governmental statutes, regulations, rules, codes, and policies to influence land use.
On a broad level, these planning instruments deal with the type, location, and amount of land
needed to carry out different functions of the city. They also serve to zone or reserve land for
certain purposes such as:
- Residential; for buildings like apartment homes, single-family residences.
- Commercial; for buildings like retail shops and office buildings.
- Industrial; for structures like manufacturing plants and warehouses.
- Municipal; for structures like police stations and courthouses.
Consulting with the community and relevant stakeholders is an important part of land-use
planning to ensure transparency, and incorporate a wide range of interests into the overall plan.
Types of Planning
3. Master Planning:
Master planning is typically used for
greenfield development projects, or building
on undeveloped land.
This type of urban planning envisions a future state for a given space, and what
it will take to achieve that vision. Urban planners must consider the required zoning
(from your land-use plan) and infrastructure to make the project possible.
Again, consulting with landowners and government agencies impacted by the
plan is an essential task here. Additionally, you may need to bring in professional
consultants to gather important expertise and insights, ensure the plan considers all
potential angles, and set the completed space up for success for years to come.
Types of Planning
4. Urban Revitalization:
In contrast to master planning, urban
revitalization focuses on improving areas that
are in a state of decline. The exact definition of
a declining area will differ from city to city.
The improvement tactics city leaders use for revitalization will depend on the root
cause of decline, and may include things like repairing roads, developing
infrastructure, cleaning up pollution, and adding to parks and other public spaces, etc.
Community interaction is especially important with this urban planning concept, as
local residents and business owners often have insights that can help inform and
tailor planning efforts.
Types of Planning
5. Economic Development:
Economic development is about identifying areas of growth to foster greater
financial prosperity within the city, specifically by enticing companies to build or
move offices there. Subsequently, those companies then hire local talent and drive
commuter traffic to the new office. More workers dining at local restaurants for
lunch, getting gas at nearby gas stations, and stopping by local grocery stores on the
way home will boost visibility and spend in the area.
Sometimes an economic development department lives outside of the planning
department of a municipality, so it is important to help that group navigate Land Use
Plans, Master Plans, and Infrastructure Plans to ensure that any development
projects are workable. Of course it will be important to coordinate with
environmental plans as well.
Types of Planning
6. Environmental Planning:
Environmental planning is a type of strategic development that emphasizes
sustainability. Considerations for this type of urban planning include air pollution,
noise pollution, wetlands, habitats of endangered species, flood zone susceptibility,
and coastal zone erosion, along with a host of other environmental factors dealing
with the relationship between natural and human systems.
Environmental plans need to be filed alongside master, revitalization, and
infrastructure plans. If it seems like there are a lot of steps and a lot of requirements,
it will be best in the long run if your plans all interact well.
Types of Planning
7. Infrastructure Planning:
Infrastructure planning deals with the fundamental facilities and systems that serve
a city and its people, and how those facilities can support goals laid out in the strategic
plan. This type of urban planning covers:
-Public works infrastructure such as water supply, sewage, electricity, and
telecommunications.
-Community infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and parks.
-Safety and transportation such as roads, police, and fire facilities.
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