Ap Biology Past Paper

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 2009 Chrysler Fiat Strategic Alliance
The 2009 Chrysler Fiat Strategic Alliance (Teaching Note copyright Syed Tariq Anwar) Case
Synopsis The case is intended to have students look at the 2009 Chrysler Fiat strategic alliance, its
current issues, and future viability in the global auto industry. The new landscape of the American
auto industry and the role of Fiat is analyzed in the cross border tie up. After de merging with
Daimler in 2007, Chrysler did not do well because of the 2008 2009 global financial crisis and its
bankruptcy filing. Chrysler s other problems included its financial constraints and heightened
competition in North America. The company had no choice but to look for a partner. During this
process, Chrysler explored the possibility of a tie up... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is also attributed to the auto industry s consolidation, restructuring, and cost cutting
activities. Chrysler and Fiat ended up seeking an alliance because of their compatibility, product
portfolios, and markets. In Chrysler s case, the main motive was to seek a partner who could help
strengthen its financial problem regarding new technologies, markets, and quality standards.
Chrysler did very well after its 1980 s reorganization and introduced many new models. In 2008
2009, Chrysler suffered because of the global financial crisis and weakened demand in the auto
industry. Before filing for Chapter 11 in 2009, the only alternative Chrysler had was to seek a
partner. As of May 2009, Chrysler Fiat Strategic Alliance looks feasible. At the same time, cross
border alliances are difficult to succeed because of differences in corporate cultures, ownership
issues, regulatory barriers, and labor unions. As discussed in the case, Marchionne may become
the CEO of Chrysler if Fiat raises its stake in the company. According to analysts, the Chrysler
turnaround is possible if Fiat shares appropriate technology with Chrysler. In Chrysler s case, the
company can add a good value added to the alliance by sharing its two cash cow products (Jeep
vehicles and Dodge trucks) with Fiat. Supplementary Reading Harbour, James E. and James V.
Higgins. (2009). Factory man: How Jim Harbour discovered Toyota s quality and
 The History of Drinking Alcohol in America
In early America drinking alcohol was as common as eating. The water was not always clean and
pure so people drank alcohol instead to be sure they wouldn t catch any illnesses running through
the water. This was until physicians realized how dangerous alcohol was and writers started to
advertise alcohol as a poison. The next thing you know there are people against alcoholand many
communities were being divided into people who drink and the people who don t drink. This is
when The Temperance movementbegan, which was a movement that wanted to either control the
distribution and consumption of alcohol, or completely end the ability to drink alcohol. Due to
society s severe health problems, destitution, and crime in the late eighteenth century and early
nineteenth century, women blamed the abuse of alcohol and started The Temperance Movement.
Even though the knowledge of the first ever used alcoholic beverage is unknown, it is known that
the earliest alcoholic beverage was made from berries or honey. Wine came from wild grape
regions from the Middle East. Beer and wine were used for a variety of purposes; such as,
medicinal purposes, pleasure, nutrition, rituals, funerary purposes, to and even to cure fatigue. The
first popular alcoholic beverage was made from honey and water. In the earlier times, seeing
someone intoxicated was rare and unusual. Then came Christianity, and with it came more drinking
attitudes, many biblical writings refer back to alcohol references. Wine was
 Descartes Dualism
In philosophy, dualism declares a radical difference between mind and matter ( Internet
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, n.d.). All dualists believe that the mind is separate from the brain (
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, n.d.). Each dualist has their own view on the mind being a
product of the brain. Specifically, philosopher Rene Descartes believed that the souland body are two
different kinds of substances and neither needs the other in order to exist ( Internet Encyclopedia of
Philosophy. n.d.). Furthermore, Descartes dualismasserts that the mind, which is non physical, and
the body, which is physical, are separate entities ( Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, n.d.). The
mind is not part of the brain or the body, but exists... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pineal gland is a pea sized organ placed at the center of the brain that played an important role
in Descartes philosophy (Lokhorst, 2005). He regarded it as the main seat of the soul and the
place in which all of our thoughts are formed (Lokhorst, 2005). Additionally, Descartes affirmed
that the pineal gland played a critical role, because it was involved in sensation, imagination,
memory, and the causation of bodily movement (Lokhorst, 2005). Descartes believed that the
pineal gland was suspended in the middle of the ventricles, which are fluid filled cavities in the
center of the brain (Lokhorst, 2005). However, this was proven to be false by another philosopher,
Aelius Galenus (Lokhorst, 2005). Secondly, Descartes believed that the pineal gland was full of
animal spirits, surrounded by several small arteries (Lokhorst, 2005). Again, Galenus proved this to
be false, because the pineal gland is surrounded by veins, not arteries (Lokhorst, 2005). Perhaps
Descartes assumptions regarding the pineal gland were mistaken, due to what was known at that
time. Either way, Galenus had already explored the truths and function of the pineal gland before
 Cloudstreet By Tim Winton Essay
Writing from residences in countries at great distances from Australia, Winton developed a longing
for his home and more specifically for an Australia of the past. His homesickness made him
rediscover through his memories an Australia which he loved, which was slowing evolving into a
country which was unrecognisable to his childhood. In Cloudstreet, Tim Winton reflects on Australia
s landscape which is quickly being turned into a suburbia which seems disjointed from natural state
of the Australian land. Similarly the cultureof the Australian community and sense of camaraderie is
presented as integral to an Australia which Winton is increasingly nostalgic about throughout the
novel.

Winton often uses the characteristics of the Australian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Oriel, va woman raised in the bosom of the Australian outback, on a farm as the primary care
giver of her younger siblings, displays a stoicism which is integral in the success of her family
and the shop at Cloudstreet. Each day she puts on the full armour and puts every ounce of her
strength into the lives of the people around her almost to the consequence of her own sanity.
Winton contrasts this to the Rose s first boyfriend, Toby Raven, a vacuous writer who is more
interested in places and people who are in the know . In presenting Toby Raven as a superficial
and social climbing he is making a comment on the new breed of Australians who are populating
the rapidly changing Australia. Most strikingly this contrast in morals is displayed by Toby Raven
s lack of decorum in mocking Rose s family back at Cloudstreet, and his inability to be responsible
for deceiving his literary friends. Toby Raven and his associates represent the new breed of
Australian, a type which would be all too familiar to late 20th century Tim Winton. Such is the
reason why Cloudstreet is centred around the stoic and hardworking Lamb and Pickles families,
individuals who embody what Winton sees as incredibly significant and more importantly typically
Australian, in Tim Winton s sense of the
 Essay about CMA LIvoria Sandwiches
To: Paul and Sam Livoria
From: Dev Das, CMA
Subject: Business Case Analysis on Livoria Sandwiches
Date: September 30, 2013

Introduction
Livoria Sandwiches Inc. provides exceptional quality sandwiches at a great price. Livoria has been
able to maintain profitability since inception and has continued to grow its business and revenues.
Recent unforeseen external events have caused significant cash flow issues and shook the family
business. Livoria is hoping to see annual net income of $1.1 million by 2015. This report will
provide alternatives and the pros and cons of initiating these alternatives. A recommendation of one
of the alternatives as well as an implementation plan will be provided to assist in obtaining the goal,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reason is, the current demand forecast could be different with price increase. The risk is too high
and doesn t create growth.
Recommendation
The best option for Livoria at this time is to expand its menu into the vegetarian options. Not only
is this the best way to prepare for the future but it will also meet all of the preferences of the
stakeholders while aligning with the corporate objectives, mission and vision of the company. The
$1.1 million goal will also be met by the end of 2013. No constraints will be broken.
Implementation
In order for Livoria to be successful in implementing the menu expansion, it must first contact its
suppliers and ensure they can meet the change and increase in veggie demand. Next training and
logistics must be arranged in house to adapt to the change in menu options. Quality must be
maintained and no short cuts can be made. With the financial analysis provided in Exhibit 4
 A Critical Evaluation of The Issue of Taking an Item from...
The act of stealing items from work can be considered as a crime under criminal statute. The theft act
1968 states that a person is guilty of committing a crime of theft if that person dishonestly
appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving . In saying
that the four main criminological presepectives, which include: classical, positivist, interactionist
critical criminology, interpret the act of stealing an item from work differently. Ultimately, the issue
of taking items from work is important as the idea of what constitutes stealing from work can be
blurry. Throughout this essay comparatives and differences on each perspective will be discussed in
terms of human nature, social order, how they... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, there is support for the idea that crime is inevitable within society, as it is human nature to
have a consistent desire to satisfy individual aspirations, which is outweighed by their individual
means (Lawson and Heaton, 1999).
Critical criminology is an adaptation of interactionist criminology, however critical criminology
focuses on the political aspects. It similarly suggests that individuals engage in meaningful
activity, which can be defined as criminal by other outside members (Burke 2009). These outside
members are usually those with political status. However, it is definitive on the idea that every
individual is responsible for their own actions (Lawson and Heaton 1998). Left realism similarly
focus on the determined human nature of the working class as a result of relative deprivation
(Young 2002) however, they reject the idea that offenders are victims of society (Jones 2006).
Ultimately the focus of left realists is how human nature is affected by the real fear of crime (Burke,
2009).
In sum, classical theorists would agree that the act of stealing an item from work is breaking the
social contract between society and the government by satisfying the grounds of breaking the law
(Lanier and Henry 2010). Classical criminology states that individuals agree to join together to form
a society in a social contract,
 The Pros And Cons Of Non Renewable Energy
Jobs for the solar and wind industries of Renewable Energy are inclining at one of the fastest rates
in the United States Economy. In 2011, the industries had 3.4 million jobs respectively. Now in
2017, they have around 4.5 million jobs just within the United States (Samuelson 2017). While on
the other side, the Non Renewable job market has been declining at a steady rate. Unfortunately, this
is not the only reason why Non Renewable Energyis bad. Non Renewable Energy is harmful and
also damaging because the established energy sources for this type of energy are oil, coal, and gas.
Fossil fuels have been proven to cause by products to human health and the environment, and these
sources are finite, Non Renewable Energy can also be referred to... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It s clean and sustainable. In order to find geothermal energy, it is available near geological hot
spots. These hot spots are an area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume from
deep in the Earth. Under these spots, a molten material called magma is underneath the crust of
the Earth and penetrates it. Magma can cause and therefore turn into steam or hot water. People
collect this steam or water by putting steel pipes in the hotspot and then connect the pipe to a
power plant on the surface. So, the power plant uses the steam or water into using it to make a
steam turbine move ( Geothermal Energy Basics 2017). The steam or water turns into a vapor
and then pushes the steam turbine in order to collect the warm energy. Some pros to using
geothermal energy is that since its source is the almost unlimited amount of heat generated by the
Earth s core, it will never run out. Another pro is that it can create jobs because someone is going
to have to work in the power plants. And that using geothermal energy is very efficient (300 500%
compared to 90% of the best furnaces) (Michaelides 2017). But, there are also cons. One con is that
in order to get the steel pipes to suck up the heat, it uses energy in the process. Also, in a bad
scenario, geothermal power plants can cause earthquakes. In order for countries to use geothermal
energy, they must have money to build several power plants, and must utilize any hot
 Review Of The Sorcerer s Stone
Over the course of this semester I have completed most of the Harry Potter Series. I have Noticed a
certain theme to all the books. Severus Snape is never really identified as a hero, or as a heel.
Through all the books he is performs acts or cruelty and redeems himself with acts of kindness. He
does it in a vise versa manner as well. It s hard for the reader to out their finger, or their perspective
on Severus Snape. The reader is basically on a rollercoaster ride with Snape.
In the sorcerer s stone, when Harry is partaking in the quittage match between Gryffindor and
Slythern, Harry s Broom goes rouge on him. Hermione and Ron believe Snape is casting a spell
on harry causing The Broom to have a falling out. They Later find out that it is professor Quirrell
who preforming this spell on Harry s broom, and Snape is really trying to protect Harry. They are
also led to Believe that Snape was the thief of the sorcerer s stone. In this book we get the sense that
Snape is a Shady character, but in the end just a shady character
In the second book we get a taste of how Snape and be mean to students when Harry and Ron
arrive in the Flying Car. Snape becomes upset and want to expel Harry and Ron from Hogwarts. He
makes the Remark the train isn t good enough for the fames Harry Potter and his faithful sidekick
Wesley. Wanted to arrive with a bang, did we, boys? Snape (Harry Potter Chamber of Secrets) In
the Chamber of Secrets we find out that Snape is really not to fond of
 Nuclear Technology After the World War II Essay
After the United States developed the atomic at the end of World War II, interest in nuclear
technology increased exponentially. People soon realized that nuclear technology could be used for
electricity, as another alternative to fossil fuels. Today, nuclear power has its place in the world, but
there is still a lot of controversy over the use of nuclear energy. Things such as the containment of
radiation and few nuclear powerplant accidents have given nuclear power a bad image. However,
nuclear power is a reliable source of energy because it has no carbon emissions, energy is available
at any time, little fuel is needed for a lot of energy, and as time goes on, it is becoming safer and
safer. A major advantage of nuclear power is that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nuclear power is available for 90 percent of the hours of the year ( Advantages and Disadvantages
of Nuclear Energy ). This makes nuclear power very convenient for countries, and is probably
why France uses nuclear energy to generate three quarters of its power. Many Eastern European
countries also get a quarter of their power from nuclear energy ( Nuclear Power in the World
Today ). Nuclear power is used so much by these countries due to its efficiency. With nuclear
energy, tiny amounts of fuel can go a long way in terms of power. One uranium fuel pellet has the
ability to generate as much energy as one ton of coal ( Quick Facts: Nuclear Energy in America ).
Using 20 metric tons of uranium fuel, a typical nuclear facility can produce enough power to
generate electricity for more than 690,000 homes ( Quick Facts: Nuclear Energy in America ). It
would take a lot more fossil fuels to generate electricity for that many homes. Nuclear energy gets
the job done with a lot less. As times goes on, nuclear power plants and their reactors are becoming
safer and safer. Contrary to popular belief, a commercial nuclear reactor is not like a ticking nuclear
bomb just waiting to go off. Nuclear power plants may have been given this image due to the
accident at Chernobyl. First of all, nuclear reactor uses uranium fuel rods that are not enriched
beyond five percent; weapons grade uranium requires a much higher enrichment
 Pollution Prevention ( P2 )
Introduction
Pollution is the contamination of air, soil, or water by the release of harmful substances. Pollution
prevention (P2) is to diminish or eradicate the pollutant at the source, for source reduction, (e.g. the
dry cleaning and hydraulic fracturing industries). P2 happens when raw materials, water, energy and
other resources are utilized more efficiently, when less harmful substances are substituted for
hazardous ones, and when toxic substances are eliminated from the production process (Ashby,
2013).
Dry Cleaning Points
According to Sinshelmer, Grout, Namkoong, Gottlieb, Latif (2007), states that 85% of all dry
cleaners operating within the United States uses Perchloroethylene (PCE) as the foremost cleaning
agent in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ecologically, professional wet cleaning verified to be an energy proficient, nontoxic, zero emission
technology that eradicates harmful air emissions, menacing waste production, and the possibility for
soil and groundwater contamination.
It has shown that those cleaners who had switched to professional wet cleaning were able to
continue the same service while maintaining their customer base, in addition to lowering operating
costs. These dry cleaners were capable to convert to professional wet cleaning without an enormous
of strain or effort and conveyed great approval as professional wet cleaner. Granted, the effects point
towards that professional wet cleaning is a feasible alternative for dry cleaning, it is imperative to
think through the circumstances, which the dry cleaners assessed converted to professional wet
cleaning (Sinshelmer, Grout, Namkoong, Gottlieb, Latif, 2007).
Sinshelmer, Grout, Namkoong, Gottlieb, Latif (2007), states that the Professional Wet Cleaning
Demonstration Project was created to aid in the start of this nontoxic technology in the Los Angeles
region. It is highly improbable that the dry cleaners assessed would have been as prosperous, or
converted at all, without the demonstration project. This