COSH-Training 4
Control measures
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Agenda
• Elimination controls
Hierarch • Substitution controls
y Control •
•
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
measure • Personal protective equipment
(PPE)
s • Practice
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Elimination involves physically removing the hazardous material,
process, or condition from the work environment. This could
involve discontinuing the use of a toxic substance, redesigning a
process to eliminate hazardous steps, or decommissioning
outdated and dangerous equipment. Elimination is the preferred
control method, as it completely eliminates the risk associated
with the hazard.
Elimination Example
controls
Original situation: Manually lifting heavy boxes can cause
muscle strain and back injuries.
Hazard elimination: Instead of manual lifting, equip the workplace
with a mechanical lifting device like a forklift or hoist to completely
remove the need for workers to handle heavy objects directly. This
eliminates the risk of injury from lifting altogether.
Hazard elimination is the most effective way to control hazards
according to the hierarchy of controls, a widely used framework for
prioritizing safety measures. It's not always possible, but it's a
good goal to strive for whenever possible.
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Practice-Statement
Setting: A busy warehouse with
high shelving units. Order
pickers use step ladders to reach
high shelves, posing a risk of
falls.
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Substitution control
When elimination is not feasible or practical, substitution can be an
effective alternative. Substitution involves replacing the hazardous
material, process, or equipment with a less hazardous option.
Example
Substituting a highly toxic chemical with a less toxic alternative, replacing
a manual handling process with an automated system, or using a less
hazardous cleaning solvent
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Practice-Statement
Setting: A middle school art room
where students use various paints,
solvents, and cleaning products
for their projects
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Engineering controls
(ventilation, machine
guarding)
Engineering controls are physical, or
mechanical(modification) measures
implemented to isolate or remove
hazards from the workplace. These
controls aim to create a safer work
environment by modifying the source of
the hazard or placing barriers between
workers and potential exposure
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Ventilation systems And It’s
types
There are five main types of ventilation systems
Natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
• Exhaust ventilation
• Supply ventilation
Balanced ventilation
Spot ventilation
Task-ambient conditioning (TAC)
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Machine
guarding
There are four main types of
machine guards
Fixed Guards
Adjustable Guards
Interlocked Guards
Self-Adjusting Guards
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Other examples of engineering controls
Ergonomic workstation design,
Radiation shielding, and
Safety interlocks or failsafe
systems
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Administrative controls involve policies,
procedures, training, and work practices designed
to minimize exposure to hazards and reduce the
risk of injury or illness. Examples include:
•Safe work procedures and job safety analyses
•Hazard communication and labeling
•Job rotation and rest breaks
•Restricted access to hazardous areas
•Emergency response and evacuation plans
•Training and awareness programs
While administrative controls are important for
establishing safe work practices and raising
awareness, they rely heavily on human behavior
and compliance, which can be less consistent or
Administrative reliable than engineering controls
controls
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Personal protective
equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is specialized clothing or equipment worn by
workers to create a barrier against hazards. PPE is considered the last line of
defense and should be used in conjunction with other control measures, as it does
not eliminate or reduce the hazard itself. Examples of PPE include:
• Respirators and breathing apparatus
• Hard hats and safety helmets
• Protective eyewear and face shields
• Hearing protection devices
• Gloves, coveralls, and protective footwear
• Fall protection equipment
PPE must be carefully selected, maintained, and properly used to ensure its
effectiveness. It is important to consider factors such as comfort, fit, and durability to
encourage worker compliance and prevent interference with job tasks
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Practice-Exercise
Hazard or hazardous situation/activity:
Driver operated fork truck struck a pedestrian in the warehouse area. There
have been incidents and near misses in the past.
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Q&A
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