RAMA COLLEGE OF NURSING

LESSON PLAN ON
WEANING

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

PROF.DR.JASMI MANU MRS.SANDHYA MISHRA

PRINC.HOD OF OBG.DEPT M.SC(N)1st YEAR

RAMA COLLEGE OF NURSING RAMA COLLEGE OF NURSING

WEANING
SUBJECT CHILD HEALTH NURSING

TOPIC WEANING

NAME OF GUIDE

NAME OF STUDENT

PLACE

GROUP

DATE OF DATA COLLECTION -

A.V. AIDS CHARTS, FLASH CARD, FLIP CHART, PAMPHLETS. HAND-OUT

TOPIC- WEANING
OBJECTIVES
GENERAL OBJECTIVES

At the end of health teaching participants will be able to gain knowledge about Weaning and will apply this knowledge in future

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

At the end of health teaching participants will be able to-

 To introduce the topic

 To define weaning
 To define time of weaning
 To enlist the signs that identify that baby are ready for weaning.
 To enlist the weaning food
 To list down the qualities of complementary food
 To discuss about first food of baby
 To enumerate the principles of introduction of weaning foo
 To define position of infant
 To discuss about Problems during weaning
 To enlist the steps for preparation of weaning food
 To define the rules for food hygiene
 To discuss rules for storing weaning food
 To list down the steps for increasing energy density of food
 To define the stages of weaning
 To enlist the advantages of weaning food
 To enlist the disadvantages of weaning food

S.NO TIME SUBJECT CONTENT AV. AIDS TEACHING EVALUATION

MATTER LEARNING
ACTIVITY
1. 5 min To INTRODUCTION CHARTS Student teacher
introduce is teaching and
the topic The weaning process begins the first time your students are
leaning.
baby takes food from a source other than your
breast – whether it’s formula from a bottle or
mashed banana from a spoon. Weaning is the
gradual replacement of breastfeeding with other
foods and ways of nurturing.Weaning is the
process by which a baby slowly gets accustomed
to family or adult foods and relies less and less on
breast milk. The process varies from culture to
culture and is often regulated by the child’s
individual need. Healthy babies of weaning age
are growing and developing very fast, so great
care has been taken to see that they are getting
enough of the right kind of food

Weaning can be dangerous times for baby. In

many places babies of weaning age do not grow
well. They often fall ill and get more infections,
especially diarrhoea. Breast feeding alone is
adequate to maintain growth and development up
to 4- 6 months but after the age of 4-6 months
breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet
the nutritional requirements of growing baby also
the infants are developmentally ready to take other
food after the age of 4-6 months Weaning does not
mean discontinuity of breast feeding. Weaning
foods are given in addition of breast feed when the
amount of breastfeeding is inadequate. It is the
process by which the infant gradually become
accustomed to adult diet. A child of weaning age
has small stomach but need plenty of weaning
 food for growth and activity. There are two main
ways of making sure that these children get
enough food

1. Very frequent feeding

2. Using food with a high concentration of
nutrients

A family may eat up to 3 meals a day, possibly

with snacks in between. Weaning age children
need something to eat every 2 hours when they are
awake.

DEFINITION
2. 2 min To define CHARTS Student teacher What is weaning?
weaning Weaning is defined as “the systematic process of is teaching and
introduction of suitable food at the right time in students are
addition to mothers milk in order to provide leaning.
needed nutrients to the baby”(UNICEF,1984).

According to WHO “Weaning period in an

infant’s life is the period when the diet changes
from the complete breast feeding(up to 4-6
months)to when the child is able to eat normal
family food(around one year).

Time of weaning
3. 1 min Student teacher What is the time
To define is teaching and of wening?
time of When a baby is about 4-6 months old , the mouth students are
weaning leaning.
start to become ready to accept non- liquid foods.
Teeth appear to begin and the tongue no longer
automatically pushes solid food out of the mouth.
The stomach also begin to digest starch better. By
about 9 months, babies are able to use their hands
to put things into their mouth. Clearly during this
time children are becoming ready to eat some
solid foods.

Babies who begin to eat semi-solid or solid food

before they are 4-6 months old usually take less
breast milk, because their small stomach are easily
filled. As a result they may not grow well

Signs that baby are ready for

4. 3 min
complementary feeding
To enlist the  Opens his/her mouth when others eat FLIP Student teacher What are the signs
signs that  Is interested in food when others eat CHART is teaching and that shows baby
identify that  Receives frequent breast feed but appear students are are ready for
baby is hungry soon after leaning. complementary
ready for  Is not gaining weight adequately feeding?
weaning.

5. 2 min WEANING FOOD FLASH Student teacher

To enlist the CARDS is teaching and
weaning Weaning food may be started according to the students are
 food child ability to feed- leaning.

LIQUID- Soup of vegetables, pulses, rice water

and fruit juices

SEMI SOLIDS- Mashed potato, pulses, boiled

vegetables, mashed bananas, soft cooked rice and
fish

SOLIDS- Cooked rice, chapati, idli, biscuits,

groundnuts, banana and fruits

For babies of weaning age it is best to use foods

that are

 Good for the baby

 Easy available to the family
 Not too expensive

Qualities of Complementary Food

 Liquid at starting then semisolid and solid

6. 2 min  Clean and fresh CHARTS Student teacher What are the
To list down is teaching and qualities of
 Easily digestible and palatable
the qualities students are complementary
of  Hygienic leaning. food?
complement  Easy to prepare
ary food.  High in energy
 Based on cultural practice and traditional
beliefs
 Well balanced and nourishing
 First food of the baby

 A very good first food given to a baby

along with breast milk is a soft, creamy
porridge made from the staple food of the
community.
 The staple cereal of the family should be
used to make the first food for an infant.
 The staple food contain starch and it is
7. 2 min eaten by most of the people in the CHARTS Student teacher What are the first
To discuss community at their meals is teaching and food of the baby?
about first  It is usually less expensive than any other students are
food of baby leaning.
type of food. The staple varies from
country to country. It may be rice, wheat,
maize, yam, potato etc.
 It is an excellent base for preparing babies
first weaning foods because it is usually
cheaper than any other type of foods as it
is easily available and provide most of the
carbohydrates and nutrients need for
growth

The staple is a good base for infant foods, but it is

not good enough other food are needed as well.
These other food types are-

 peas and beans

 food from animals like meat, fish and eggs
 green leafy vegetables
 oil and fats
 fruits
 Principles of introduction of weaning
food
1. Practice exclusive breast feeding from
birth up to 6 months of age and introduce
complementary food after 4- 6 months of
age along with breast feeding
2. Continue frequent on demand breast
feeding until 2 years of age or beyond
3. Feed infant slowly and patiently and
encourage them to eat but do not force
them If the child refuse to eat any food,
experiment with different food
combinations, taste and textures.
4. Practice good hygiene and proper food
handling to reduce the risk of diarrhea
5. Start at 4 months of age with small amount
of food one to two spoon should be
8. 2 min provided and increase the quantity as the HAND Student teacher What are the
To child get older, while maintaining frequent OUTS is teaching and principles of
enumerate breast feeding students are introduction of
the 6. Gradually increase food consistency and leaning. weaning food?
principles of variety as the infant get older. Begin liquid
introduction
at 4-6 months, By 8 months he can eat
of weaning
food
semi-solids and by 12 months he can eat
solid foods as consumed by rest of the
family members
7. Increase the number of times the child is
fed complementary food, as the child gets
older.
8. Feed a variety of nutrient rich foods to
ensure that all nutrients need are met.
Complementary foods should provide
sufficient energy, protein, vitamins, iron
 and micronutrients. Complementary food
should include animal product, dairy
products, pulses, fruits, vegetables and oils
9. Give micronutrient rich complementary
foods or vitamins and mineral supplements
to the infant as needed
10. It is advisable to start one or two teaspoons
of new food at first which should be given
when baby is hungry, just before regular
feeding, during day time.

Frequency of feeding

It must be remembered that inadequate feeding of

infant and young children during the first two year
is the main cause of malnutrition.

Position of Infant

Make sure the Infant is sitting up straight and is

facing forward. A high Chair is best and this way
9. 1 min the infant is able to explore foods better and will Student teacher What is the
To define be less likely to Choke. is teaching and frequency of
frequency of students are weaning?
 feeding Problems during weaning leaning.

Several problem may be encouraged during

weaning which are as follows-
1. If on starting weaning, breastfeeding is
stopped suddenly, it can have adverse
psychological effect on the child
2. Weaning food, if prepared unhygienically
10. 1 min or not digested properly can cause diarrhea
To define 3. If weaning food are not nutrient rich, the
position of child can develop malnutrition
infant 4. Children may develop indigestion,
abdominal pain, diarrhea or rashes if they
are allergic to certain foods
5. Choking- hard and big pieces of fruits like
11. 2 min apple and vegetables should be avoided for Student teacher
To discuss children below 3 years which would is teaching and
about otherwise lead to death students are
Problems 6. Regurgitation and vomiting- Bringing out leaning.
during small quantity of swallowed food is called
weaning regurgitation or spitting up.

Preparation of weaning food

 Careful preparation of food is essential to

prevent contamination. They should be
kept cool, covered and clean
 It is best not to keep these food for longer
than 2 hours before giving them to the
baby, but this is not always possible
 The next best thing is to re-heat the food
until it start to bubble and then let it cool
quickly, until it is cool enough for the baby
 to eat.
 Personal hygiene should be maintained
hands should be washed before handling
foods, dishes, eating utensils and before
feeding the baby
12. 1 min HAND Student teacher What is the
To enlist the
 Weaning food should be provided at safe OUTS is teaching and preparation of
steps for temperature students are weaning food?
preparation leaning.
of weaning
food
Rules for food hygiene

 Wash and rinse all equipments before

preparing the food
 Keep food in clean utensils
 Separate raw and cooked food
 Keep food at safe temperature
 Use safe water and raw material
 Give freshly prepared food to baby
 Keep the cooked food covered

Rules for storing weaning food

 Use clean, covered containers that keep out

insects
 Store the food in cool, airy place
 Keep insecticides, pesticides, disinfectants
etc. away from the food

13. 1 min PAMPHLE

To define -TS
the rules for
 food hygiene

Storing the weaning food

There are some ideas for making coolers for

storing weaning foods, they will prevent the food
from spoiling

CUPBOARDS

A crate or packing case used either on its side or

on its end makes a good cupboard for evaporate
cooling. Put the crate on bricks to raise it off the
14. 1 min Student teacher
To discuss floor. Put a container of water on top of the crate is teaching and
rules for and drape sacking or other coarse cloth over the students are
storing bowl and around the crate, so it does not quite leaning.
weaning reach the floor. Let the cloth dip well into the
food water in the bowl . placed the food to be cooled
inside the crate the cloth will get wet and the
water held in it will evaporate, cooling the air and
food in the crate.

BASKETS

Place the basket on stones or bricks in a low

container of water. This water container may be
round or square drape sacking cloth around the
basket and allow it to hang down into the water Student teacher What is the
place any food to be cooled in the containers is teaching and preparation of
inside the basket. Several container of food may students are weaning food?
 be stored on top of each other. Cover the basket leaning.
with a lid. Remember to keep the water container
filled with water and to dampen the covering cloth
from time to time.

Steps of increasing energy density of

food

 By adding a teaspoon of oil or ghee in

every feed
 By adding sugar or jaggery to the child
food
 By giving malted foods. Malting reduces
viscosity of the food and hence child can
eat more at a time
 By feeding thick mixtures

Stages of weaning

STAGE 1-

STAGE 2-

STAGE 3-

15. 1 min FLIP Student teacher

To list down CHARTS is teaching and
the steps for students are
 increasing leaning.
energy
density of STAGE 4-
food

Age Energy Consis Freque Amou-

needed -tency -ncy nt of
in each
additio meal
-n to
milk

16. 2 min 4-6 150 Start 2-3 Start FLASH Student teacher What is the
To define Month kcal/da with times with 1- CARDS is teaching and preparation of
the stages of y liquid per 2 table students are weaning food?
weaning and day spoons leaning.
procee per
d foods feed
and
increas
e to
about
100 ml

6-8 200 Start 2-3 Start

Month kcal/da with times with 2-
y Mashe per 3
d foods day tablesp
oons
per
feed
and
 increas
e to
about
125 ml

9-11 300 Finally 3-4 Half

Month kcal/da choppe times cup
y d or per of(250)
pound day ml cup
ed
foods

12-23 550 Solid 3-4 ¼ to

Month kcal/ family times a full
day foods day 250 ml
cup

Changes seen in mothers and infant

during weaning

Weaning is a time of great changes in the behavior

for both the baby and the parents.

Changes in BABY

 Baby become more interested in the world

around them and independent in their
actions.
 Babies will start to be apart from their
 mothers for longer and longer time

Changes in mother

 Mother at first spend almost all their time

with their new babies but at the time of
weaning the mother need to get back to
their ususal work patterns
 Mothers may need to rely on others in the
family to take care of their baby as they
return to their regular duties

Feeding in exceptionally difficult

circumstances
17. 3 min CHARTS Student teacher What is the
To explain 1.Feeding during and after illness is teaching and preparation of
the changes students are weaning food?
seen in leaning.
mothers and
infant
during
weaning
Children who are ill often lose their appetite. Also
the mother may think that the child should eat less
during illness. This is not true

Once the baby start to get better and appetite

returns , he or she should be fed more than ususal.
It will help rebuild strength and resistance to other
illness. A good rule is to feed the baby twice as
 much as usual after an illness for the same number
,of days as he or she was ill

The infant must be encouraged to eat small

quantities of food, but more frequently and by
offering foods the child likes to eat

Make sure that children with measles, diarrhea

and respiratory infections eat plenty of vitamin A
18. 2 min rich foods FLIP Student teacher
To explain CHARTS is teaching and
about students are
feeding in Malnourished infants leaning.
exceptionall
y difficult Infants and young children who are malnourished
circumstanc are most often found in environment where
es improving the quality and quantity of food intake
is particularly problematic

To prevent a reoccurrence and to overcome the

effects of chronic malnutrition, these children
need extra attention both during the early
rehabilitation phase and over the longer term.

Mothers of malnourished children could be invited

in a camp and provided with a fortnight’s ration of
roasted cereal and pulses mixes with instructions

The children could be followed up every fortnight

for growth monitoring, health check up and supply
for instant food ration for a period of 3 months
 Problem arises due to sudden weaning
from breastfeeding

There are certain emergency situation in which

weaning has to happen quickly because of an
unexpected situation that arises or a medical
emergency like

 The start of a new medication by mother

 Illness, hospitalization or surgery
 Sepration from a child
 New pregnancy

When weaning is sudden or unexpected it may be

disappointing

With sudden weaning the mother may not have

the time to prepare herself and her child for the
physical and emotional changes that happens

How sudden weaning affect mothers-

 The abrupt end of breastfeeding can led to

painful breast engorgement
 Hard, swollen breasts full of breast milk
can cause a breast infection or a breast
19.. 3 min abscess PAMPHLE Student teacher What is the
To list down  With the end of breastfeeding and the -TS is teaching and preparation of
the changes in the balance of hormones, your students are weaning food?
period will return. With this , there will be
 problems a greater chance of becoming pregnant leaning.
arises due to again
sudden
weaning
from Tips to get through sudden weaning
breastfeedin
g  Remove a little breast milk to feel more
comfortable
 Using a cold compress on the breasts. Cold
cabbage leaves or ice packs can relieve the
inflammation and pain of swollen
engorged breasts.
 The build up of breast milk can be painful
talk to the doctor about this
 Seek support. Talk to your partner, your
family, and your friends and let them know
about your feelings
 If mother is experiencing depression then
talk to the doctor

How sudden weaning affects children

2O. 2 min  Gradual weaning allows a child to slowly Student teacher

To explain adjust to a new source of food and the loss is teaching and
how sudden of comfort and security that breastfeeding students are
weaning provides. So when breastfeeding ends leaning.
affect quickly, it can affect your little one in
mothers
many ways
 The child may be fussy, sad or even angry
at you for not letting her breastfeed
 The child may be more likely to get sick.
breastfeeding helps to prevent some of the
common childhood illnesses so the sudden
 weaning of newborn or young infant can
put a child at a greater risk of ear
infections and respiratory infections
 The child may refuse the bottle, especially
21. 2 min CHARTS Student teacher
if the mother is trying to give it to her
To enlist the is teaching and
tips to get students are
through Tips for helping the child leaning.
sudden
weaning  Distract older children during the times the
mother would normally be breastfeeding
and start a new routine. Take a walk, play
a game or offer a snack and drink
 Give the child extra attention in other
ways. Breastfeeding moments can be
replaced by other moments such as reading
, singing and just being together
 Provide small meals in beginning. See if
the child want some security items such as
teddy bear

WORKING MOTHERS WEANING

DIFFICULTIES

There are certain challenges of working

22. 1 min HAND
mothers which may cause
To explain OUTS
how sudden
weaning 1. Stress
affects 2. Health Issues
children 3. Division of housework
4. Workplace Problems
5. Lack of Intimacy with Spouses
 6. Lack of time for personal interest

Mothers who look for their children often have

many other things to do as well for example farm
work, paid work and fetching water. A mother
may not be able to give enough care to her child
during weaning. As a result of this the child may
get malnourished

Many mothers have to go out to work soon after

having a baby.

Tips to overcome the problem

23. 2 min HAND Student teacher
To list down  In some places mother can get help from OUTS is teaching and
the tips for relatives and friends students are
helping the  If possible it is best to delay the return to leaning.
child
outside work for about three months.
 Sometime the mother can take the baby
with her to work in this way she can breast
feed and feed the baby small amounts of
weaning food every two hours, In many
part of the world a baby is kept on the
mothers back and goes everywhere with
her
 There are times when a baby has to be left
with someone else, e.g. with a grandparent,
a friend, an older sister or brother or at day
care centre It is important that whoever
looks after the baby knows about feeding FLASH Student teacher
24. 2 min young children and remember to feed the CARDS is teaching and
To explain students are
 the working baby often. leaning.
mothers
weaning
difficulties Some points of importance
1. Strict cleanliness i.e. hands washed, nails
kept short before preparation and handling
the feeds
2. New foods have to be given in small
quantities at first and then increased slowly
3. Any one type of food should be given for 3
to 4 days before any new type of food is
offered
4. Prevalent feeding habits of the community
should be taken into consideration when
parents are advised regarding weaning
5. If infant develop allergic reactions with
some protein foods, such food should be
avoided
6. Weaning food should be well balanced
nutritionally
7. Child personal like and dislike have to be
considered
8. Junk food should be avoided
9. Consult the doctor if baby is having
difficulty during weaning process

Advantages
 It prevent malnutrition
25. 1 min  It prevent deficiency disease example CHARTS Student teacher
To enlist the anemia is teaching and
tips to  Promotes growth students are
overcome  Improve self confidence leaning.
the problem  Child become more active
 It provide complete nutrition and prevent
 from infections
Disadvantages
 It may lead to diarrhea, if the food is
preparing in an unhygienic way
 Negligience in choosing nutritious
weaning food can lead to either calorie,
protein, vitamin or mineral deficiencies
 Delayed weaning can cause malnutrition,
failure of growth and development and
deficiency disease.

Bibliography

Book Reference

1. Sharma Rimple, Essentials of Pediatric Student teacher

26. 2 min is teaching and
Nursing, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical
To explain students are
some points Publishers, 2013; 117-121 leaning.
of
importance 2. Datta Parul, Pediatric Nursing, New Delhi:
Jaypee brother medical publisher, 2007; 56-57
3. Padmaja A, Textbook of child health nursing,
New Delhi: The health science publisher,
2016; 177-180
Net Reference
1. https://apps.who.int
27. 1min CHARTS
To enlist the
advantages
of weaning.

28. 1 min
To enlist the CHARTS
disadvantag
es of
weaning