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PQ-Part 1 Section 6

The JICA-Assisted Road Upgrading and Preservation Project (RUPP) focuses on the preventive maintenance of the PBM-1 Manila North Road, specifically the section from Aringay to Santa/Vigan City. The project includes a hybrid contract that mandates the contractor to rehabilitate and maintain the road over a five-year period, with specific output-based and performance-based works outlined. The initiative aims to enhance regional connectivity, support economic development, and promote tourism in Northern Luzon.

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MANNY CARAJAY
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
5 views13 pages

PQ-Part 1 Section 6

The JICA-Assisted Road Upgrading and Preservation Project (RUPP) focuses on the preventive maintenance of the PBM-1 Manila North Road, specifically the section from Aringay to Santa/Vigan City. The project includes a hybrid contract that mandates the contractor to rehabilitate and maintain the road over a five-year period, with specific output-based and performance-based works outlined. The initiative aims to enhance regional connectivity, support economic development, and promote tourism in Northern Luzon.

Uploaded by

MANNY CARAJAY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)

The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component


PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Part 2 – Work Requirements

PART 2 – Works Requirements

- 49-
JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

Section VI. Scope of Works

Contents

1. Description of the Works.................................................................. 51


2. Scope of Work………………............................................................. 51
3. Construction Period……………………………………………………… 58
4. Site and Other Data………………..................................................... 59

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JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

1. DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS

1.1 PBM-1 Manila North Road which starts at Aringay and ends at Laoag City (K0243+000 to
K0485 + 123) is the northern part of the Manila North Road in Region I (Ilocos Region). It
connects the regional capital of San Fernando City in La Union Province to Ilocos Sur and
Ilocos Norte Provinces. The major towns along the project road are Candon City, Vigan
City (provincial capital of Ilocos Sur), Batac City and Laoag City (provincial capital of Ilocos
Norte). The total population directly benefitting from the project road is about 1.9 million.
This road Section was constructed through financial cooperation with the Government of
Japan (7th Yen Loan).
The road and bridges of the Aringay – Laoag Road have been proposed to be maintained
as part of this Long Term Performance Based Maintenance (LTPBM) Project. The project
will contribute to both national and regional development.
The Manila North Road is a national road and classified into North-South backbone. It is
located in the northern part of Luzon Island. It traverses three of the four provinces
located along the coastline. The rehabilitation and maintenance of the project will
contribute to the inter-regional economic interplay for the provinces in Northern Luzon. It
will also contribute to tourism promotion.
PBM-1 is divided into two (2) sections in terms of traffic volume/large buses and trucks.
Section 1 (K0243+000 to K0389+000), which is the subject of this Prequalification, Section
1 is from Aringay to Santa/Vigan City (Length = 146.0 Km) and Section 2 is from
Santa/Vigan City to Laoag City (Length = 96.123 Km).
The map of the province, showing the alignment is found in this Section.

2. SCOPE OF WORK

2.1 Contract Package PBM – 1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City is
one of the five (5) hybrid contract road links Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive
Maintenance (APC-PM) Component of JICA Assisted Road Upgrading and Preservation
Project (RUPP) where the Contractor’s responsibility is to rehabilitate maintenance
backlog during the initial 18 months of the contract period and maintain the road section
during the five (5) years contract period.
The Hybrid LTPBM Contract consists of two main components:
(a) Output based Works –Rehabilitation/Minor Improvement to maintainable standard
and Preventive Maintenance (Overlay works) during the initial 18 months of the 5-
year contract period, whose items of works where specified, measured in terms of
quantities of actual work completed (outputs) and paid for in terms of contracted
unit rates in the same way as in conventional contracts.

(b) Performance-based Works - are accessed qualitatively against the service levels
that describe the standards the contractor is required to achieve, and paid for
through lump sum monthly rate per kilometer. Payments are reduced if the service
levels are not maintained. The Performance Based Works consist of all or any
other works needed to bring the road up to the required Service Levels (such as
roadway clearing and maintenance, rehabilitation and repairs of drainage
structures, maintenance of all road features and safety installations) as well as
management services needed to keep the road at the required service levels during
the 5 year contract period.

- 51-
JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

2.2 The scope of this hybrid contract (PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay –
Santa/Vigan City) is shown below:
(a) Output based Works:

(A) Rehabilitation/ Minor Improvement to maintainable standard


The works to be undertaken consist of but not be limited to the following:

Item
Description QUANTITY UNIT
No.

PAVEMENT WORKS

Carriageway

• Bituminous Cement Surface 30.48 km


1
Course, Hot Laid, (Thick =
50mm)
• Portland Cement Concrete
Pavement, (New, thick = 9.52 km
300mm)
• Shoulder (Joints) 10.36 km

2 SHOULDER REFORMATION 28.82 km

SIGNAGE, THERMOPLASTIC
3
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
• Kilometer Post 147 each
• Road Signs 806 each
• Pavement Markings 146 km

CROSS DRAIN STRUCTURES


4 217 each
(RCBC’s)

CROSS DRAIN STRUCTURES


5
(RCPC’s)
• RCPC (New) 3,389 lm
• RCPC (Clean) 2,085 lm

RUMBLE STRIP FOR ROAD


6 729 sq. m.
SAFETY

SIDE DRAIN STRUCTURES


7 • U-Ditch Type Canal (Clean) 71.75 km

• RCPC (Clean) 0.27 km


• U-Ditch Type Canal (New) 4.89 km

8 VISIBILITY OBSTRUCTIONS
Painting of trees, Electrical Post 3,721 sq. m

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JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

Item
Description QUANTITY UNIT
No.

9 ALL PROTECTION WORKS

• Guardrails (New) 5.83 km


• Metal Guardrails (Repainting) 33.18 km
• Guardrails (Re-installation) 1.84 km
• Grouted Riprap 2.16 cu. m.
• Stone Masonry /Guard wall
2,520 cu. m
Block

CROSSFALL REINSTATEMENT (at


10 58,675 cu. m.
Existing Shoulder)

11 SERVICE LEVEL BILLBOARD 28 each

12 MAIN JUNCTION 26 each

13 BRIDGE MAINTENANCE WORKS 57 each

(B) Preventive Maintenance (Asphalt Overlay Works during the initial 18 Months)
The works to be undertaken consist of but not be limited to the following:

Item
Description QUANTITY UNIT
No.
a) 50mm Thick Overlay over Existing ACP & or PCCP incl. shoulder
both sides
Bituminous Tack Coat Emulsified
302(2) 230,955.00 sq.m.
Asphalt (SS-1)
Bituminous Concrete Surface
310(a) (Wearing) Course, Hot Laid 230,955.00 sq.m.
(thickness =50 mm)
b) 75mm Thick Overlay over Existing ACP & or PCCP incl. shoulder
both sides
Bituminous Tack Coat Emulsified
302(2) 1,581,190.00 sq.m.
Asphalt (SS-1)
Bituminous Concrete Surface
310(b) (Binding) Course, Hot Laid 790,595.00 sq.m.
(thickness =40 mm)
Bituminous Concrete Surface
310(c) (Wearing) Course, Hot Laid 790,595.00 sq.m.
(thickness =35 mm)

- 53-
JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

(C) Performance Based Works


The works to be undertaken consist of but not be limited to the following:

1. Cutting of Grass, Clearing of Debris, Rubbish, etc.

2. Removing Visibility Obstruction, trimming of tree branches

3. De-siltation/De-vegetation of RC Box and RC Pipe lines

4. De-siltation/De-vegetation and Removal of Debris from Side Drains

5. Retouching/Repainting of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings

6. Replacement of Damaged Guardrails

Re-touching/Repainting of Retro-reflect Paints of Bridges, Sign Post


7.
and all Other Road Furniture

Patch repair of AC Pavement, (pot holes, alligator cracks, damaged


8.
spots)

9. Patch Sealing Repair of Scaled Pavement Surface


10. Sealing of Cracks (Thin Layer of Asphalt Sealing)

Cross-fall Reformation and Shoulder Reinstatement (Re-grading,


11.
Removal of Spoils, Filling/Leveling, Compacting)

12. Renewal of Thermoplastic Reflective Pavement Markings

Renewal of Retro-reflective Paints of Bridges, Post and Other Road


13.
Furniture

14. Renewal of Anti-Corrosive Paints on Metal Components of Bridges, etc.

15. Miscellaneous Operational Activities to meet the Desired Service Level

(D) Emergency Works


In addition to the above mentioned two (2) components of the hybrid PBM
Contract, an allowance for Emergency Works is included in the Scope of
Work as a provisional sum in the contract. This is for the repair of damage
resulting from extraordinary natural phenomena, which affect the normal
use of the road network, or the safety and security of the users. The
contract limits the responsibility of the Contractor, and requires that the
Employer approve execution of repairs beforehand. Agreement is reached
with the Contractor on the scope of work needed for each occurrence which
is then priced as a lump sum using unit prices included in the bid and in the
contract.
2.3 Remuneration
(a) Output based Works:

The initial rehabilitation .minor improvement as well as preventive maintenance


work (asphalt overlay) during the initial 18 months of the 5-year period will be
quoted on the basis of measurable output quantities and paid as measured and
performed.

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JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

(b) Performance Based Works

The monthly lump-sum remuneration paid to the Contractor for the Performance
Based Works during the 5-year period will cover all physical and non-physical
maintenance services provided by the Contractor, except for unforeseen
emergency works which will be remunerated separately.

To claim the monthly payment for maintenance services as specified under item
(b) above, the Contractor shall ensure that the road complies with the service
quality levels which have been specified. It is understood that during some months
(e.g. May through to November) it will have to carry out more physical works in
order to comply with the required service levels and very little work during other
months. Yet the monthly payment remains the same as long as the required
service levels are complied with.

The Contractor is responsible for designing and carrying out the actions it believes
are necessary in order to comply with the service quality levels stated in the
contract to the approval of the Engineer. The service quality levels are defined
from a road user’s perspective and include factors such as average travel speeds,
riding comfort, safety features, etc. If the service quality is not achieved in any
given month, the payment for that month may be reduced or even suspended.
Under the performance-based contract, the Contractor has a strong financial
incentive to be efficient.

The Contractor is responsible for designing and carrying out the actions it believes
are necessary in order to comply with the service quality levels stated in the
contract to the approval of the Engineer. The service quality levels are defined
from a road user’s perspective and include factors such as average travel speeds,
riding comfort, safety features, etc. If the service quality is not achieved in any
given month, the payment for that month may be reduced or even suspended.
Under the performance-based contract, the Contractor has a strong financial
incentive to be efficient.

This type of contract makes it necessary for the successful Contactor to have a
good management capacity. Here, “management” means the capability to define,
optimize and carry out in a timely basis the physical interventions which are
needed in the short, medium and long term, in order to guarantee that the roads
remain above the agreed service quality levels.

In other words, in order to successfully complete the Project, the Contractor shall
take due consideration of the Contract, local legislation, technical and performance
Specifications and environmental and social regulations, and define independently:
(i) what to do, (ii) where to do it, (iii) how to do it, and (iv) when to do it. The role of
the Employer/Engineer is to enforce the Contract by verifying that the agreed
service levels have been complied with, as well as all other legislation and
regulations.

Maintaining a road network includes routine and periodic tasks. Routine


maintenance consists of many different tasks frequently necessary to maintain the
function of the road (such as pothole repairs, cleaning of drainage, sealing of
cracks, cutting of vegetation, etc.). Periodic maintenance consists of predictable
and more costly measures of a less frequent nature designed to avoid road
degradation (such as resurfacing, asphalt concrete overlays, etc.). Intelligent
management, the timeliness of interventions and the adequacy of technical
solutions are critical. It is expected that the use of private specialized firms under

- 55-
JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

performance-based contracts will benefit the Project, and stimulate innovation in


comparison with traditional road administration practices.
Road conditions can be expressed through indicators for service quality levels, and
these are used under this performance-based contract to define and measure the
desired performance of the Contractor. In the Performance-Based Management
and Maintenance Contracts, the service level indicators are thus the accepted
minimum thresholds for the quality levels of the road.

Under the terms of the Contract, the Contractor will also be responsible for the
continuous monitoring and control of road conditions and service levels for all road
sections included in the Contract. This will not only be necessary to fulfill the
contract requirements, but it is an activity which will provide it with the information
needed in order to be able (i) to know the degree of its own compliance with
service level requirements, and (ii) to define and plan, in a timely fashion, all
physical interventions required to assure that service quality indicators never fall
below the indicated thresholds. Under the performance-based contract modality,
the Contractor will only receive minimal instructions from the Employer concerning
the type and volume of works to be carried out.

The Employer encourages employment of local laborers living along the road
under maintenance for work suited to their particular level of skill, such as, grass
cutting, culvert cleaning, removal of debris etc.

- 56-
JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

LOCATION MAP
PBM- 1 MANILA NORTH ROAD, SECTION 1: ARINGAY- SANTA/VIGAN CITY

End of Project
PBM – 1 (Section 2)
K0485 + 123 End:
K0490+582
Ilocos Norte D.E.O, 1st District

End:
Start:
K0484+897
K0484+897
Ilocos Norte D.E.O, 2nd District
Ilocos Norte D.E.O, 1st District

Start:
K0444+712
Ilocos Norte D.E.O, 2nd District

Start of PBM – 1 End:


(Section 2) K0444+712
Ilocos Sur D.E.O, 1st District
K0389 + 000
Start:
End: K0395+472
K0395+472 Ilocos Sur D.E.O, 1st District
Ilocos Sur D.E.O 2nd District

Start: End of PBM – 1


K0312+551
Ilocos Sur D.E.O 2nd District
(Section 1)
K0389 + 000

End:
K0312+551
La Union D.E.O 1st District

Legend
Start:
K0264+380
D.E.O boundaries
La Union D.E.O 1st District

Start/End of Project

Start of Project
PBM – 1 (Section 1)
K0243 + 000

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JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

3. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Total Project Period: Sixty (60) months.

COMPONENT Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5

REHABILITATION, MINOR
IMPROVEMENTS AND
MAINTENANCE BACKLOG DURING
INITIAL 18 MONTHS OF 5-YEAR
CONTRACT PERIOD

FACILITIES FOR THE ENGINEER


AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS

OVERLAY DURING INITIAL 18


MONTHS OF 5 YEAR CONTRACT
PERIOD

LONG TERM PERFORMANCE


BASED MAINTENANCE, (LTPBM)

- 58-
JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

4. SITE AND OTHER DATA

A. LA UNION

La Union is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region or Region 1 in Luzon,
whose capital is San Fernando City and borders Ilocos Sur to the north, Benguet to the east,
and Pangasinan to the south. To the west of La Union is the South China Sea.

La Union is the surfing capital of Northern Luzon. Tourism to the province is driven by airlines
and passenger coach bus lines like regionally owned Farinas Transit Company, Viron Transit,
Dominion Bus Lines and Partas.

Tourists often flock to the beaches of Bauang, or to the more secluded ones further north for
snorkeling, surfing or other water sports; the more northerly beaches near San Juan
specifically cater to both local surfers as well as portions of the world surfing circuit.

Physical

Like most of the region, the province is squeezed in by the Cordillera mountain range to the
east and the South China Sea to the west. Yet, unlike other portions of Luzon and the
Philippines' two other island groupings, the Visayas and Mindanao, La Union experiences a
rather arid and prolonged dry season with little precipitation to be expected between the
months of November and May. La Union is 273 km north of Metro Manila and 57 km
northwest of Baguio City. The land area of the province is 1,493.09 sq. km.

The province is bounded on the North and Northeast by Ilocos Sur, on the East by Benguet,
on the South by Pangasinan and on the West by the South China Sea. La Union is five hours
from Manila and more than an hour from Baguio City by car.

As of June 30, 2001, the province is composed of 1 city, 19 municipalities, and 576
barangays.

Around 35 percent of the total land area of the province is devoted to crop production.
Although 62 percent of La Union is upland, only 21 percent remains forested. The province is
one of the country's two major producers of tobacco. Its other major agricultural products
include banana, coconut and mango aside from rice.

The province has more than 110 kilometers of coastline. The pristine waters of strategically
located coastal municipalities make the province a major fishing ground and likewise a top
destination for domestic and foreign visitors.

La Union is famous for its tree houses, beaches and other natural tourist attractions.

Small and medium enterprises are thriving in the province with the booming small-scale
industries like pottery making and sericulture.
The province has two pronounced seasons: Dry from December to April and Wet during the
rest of the years. Average annual rainfall was estimated at 183.3 millimeters. Temperature
averages 25.2 degrees centigrade annually.

The capital of La Union is San Fernando City.

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JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

Climate

The climate condition prevailing in La Union is dry from November to April and wet from May
to October. The southwest monsoon brings about the abundant rainfall experienced during
the wet season. The relatively dry season is caused by the northeast monsoon passing over
the Cordillera Mountains. The average temperature is 27.21oC.

Location and Boundaries

La Union stretches over a length of 102 kilometers from North to South. It is bounded on the
north by Ilocos Sur, on the south by Pangasinan, on the east by Benguet and on the west by
the China Sea.

Political Subdivision

La Union has nineteen (19) municipalities and one component city The northern towns of
Sudipen, Bangar, Luna, Balaoan, Santol, San Gabriel, Bacnotan, San Juan and San
Fernando City comprise the First District. Belonging to the Second District are Bagulin,
Naguilian, Burgos, Bauang, Caba, Aringay, Agoo, Tubao, Sto. Tomas, Rosario and Pugo.

Population

657,945 as of Year 2000 Census.

Major Industries

Agriculture remains to be the primary industry. Cottage industries are blanket weaving,
basketry, bamboo craft, pottery and broom making. Commercial activity consists mostly of
wholesale and retail business.

B. ILOCOS SUR

Ilocos Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Vigan City,
located on the mouth of the Mestizo River is the provincial capital. Ilocos Sur is bordered by
Ilocos Norte and Abra to the north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to
the south, and the South China Sea to the west.

Physical

Ilocos Sur is located along the western coast of Northern Luzon. It is bordered by Ilocos Norte
to the north, Abra to the northeast, Mountain Province to the east, Benguet to the southeast,
La Union to the south, and the China Sea to the west. Its area of 2,579.58 square kilometers
occupies about 20.11% of the total land area of Region 1.
The topography of Ilocos Sur is undulating to rolling with elevations ranging from 10 to 1,700
meters above sea level.

Climate

The climate is generally dry. The dry months are from October to May. However, the
southernmost portion, is humid and rain is evenly distributed throughout the year while the
eastern part of Sugpon is drier. August has the most rainfall while January and February have
the least. The mean temperature in the province is 27 degrees C. January is the coldest.

- 60-
JICA-ASSISTED ROAD UPGRADING AND PRESERVATION PROJECT (RUPP)
The Asset Preservation Contract – Preventive Maintenance (APC-PM) Component
PBM-1 Manila North Road, Section 1: Aringay – Santa/Vigan City
K0243+000 to K0389+000

PREQUALIFICATION DOCUMENTS AND SAMPLE FORMS Section VI. Scope of Works

Population

In the 2007 census, the population of Ilocos Sur was 632,255. Vigan City, the capital of Ilocos
Sur, has a population of 47,246. The most populous city is Candon City with a population of
56,270.
Cities and Municipalities Population Table.

Agrarian Economy

Ilocos Sur’s economy is agrarian, but its 2,647 square kilometers of unfertile land is not
enough to support a population of 338,579.

Such agricultural crops as rice, corn tobacco and fruit trees dominate their farm industries.

Secondary crops are camote and cassava, sugar cane and onions. Gov. Eliseo Quirino in
1952 bolstered the economy of Ilocos Sur by encouraging the planting of coconut trees and
citrus.

Other industries are burnay and slipper making in Vigan, furniture and statue making in San
Vicente, mortar and pestle making in San Esteban, and bolo making in Santa.

- 61-

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